Resumen: En esta investigación se dimensiona la violencia en parejas de estudiantes universitarios y se explora su relación con los celos y otros correlatos. Con un diseño de corte transversal se encuestaron 186 estudiantes de Universidad de Cuenca. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, la Multidimensional Jealousy Scale e items ad hoc sobre fidelidad, consumo de sustancias y estrés durante la relación de pareja. Los puntajes de violencia fueron bajos en general, pero preocupantes en el 5.4% de los encuestados. El 60.2% informó haber cometido por lo menos un acto violento físico durante la relación de pareja index. Los subtipos de violencia medidos tuvieron distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. La correlación entre violencia total cometida y sufrida fue .77 (p< .001). Se verificó asociación significativa entre la pertenencia al grupo de mayor violencia y los celos comportamentales y el estrés padecido durante la pareja.

Abstract: This research work evaluates violence in couples of university students and focuses on their relationship with jealousy and other variables. Using a cross-sectional design, 186 students from the University of Cuenca, Ecuador, were surveyed. Instruments used were Conflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, Multidimensional Jealousy Scale, and other ad hoc methods related to fidelity, substance use, and stress during dating relationship. Violence scores observed were low in general though disturbing in 5.4% of students surveyed. Noticeably, 60.2% of them reported to have committed at least one physical violent act during their index dating relationship. Violence subtypes measured showed similar distribution between men and women. Correlation between total violence committed and suffered was .77 (p< .001). A significant association was observed between the highest violence group and behavioral jealousy and stress during dating relationship.

Resumo: Nesta pesquisa, dimensiona-se a violência em casais de estudantes universitários e explora-se sua relação com o ciúme e outros correlatos. Com um desenho transversal, foram estudados 186 alunos da Universidade de Cuenca. Os instrumentos utilizados foram oConflict in Adolescents Dating Relationships Inventory, aMultidimensional Jealousy Scalee itens ad hoc sobre fidelidade, uso de substâncias e estresse no relacionamento. Os escores de violência foram baixos em geral, mas preocupantes em 5,4% dos participantes. 60,2% relataram ter cometido pelo menos um ato de violência física durante o relacionamento. Os subtipos de violência medidos tiveram distribuição semelhante entre homens e mulheres. A correlação entre o total de violência cometida e sofrida foi de .77 (p <.001). Houve associação significativa entre pertencimento ao grupo de maior violência, ciúme comportamental e estresse sofrido durante o relacionamento.

Resumen Introducción. Diversas condiciones de vulnerabilidad dependientes del desarrollo y de las influencias medioambientales pueden influir en las conductas violentas juveniles. Objetivos. Describir las características de jóvenes que cometieron homicidio o intento de homicidio atendiendo a indicadores de madurez, impulsividad y vulnerabilidad sociofamiliar. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de diseño descriptivo y exploratorio. Los participantes fueron 195 varones jóvenes (media: 16.8 años) institucionalizados en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, por orden judicial por haber cometido homicidio (n=130), homicidio reiterado (n=15) o tentativa de homicidio (n=50). Se utilizaron instrumentos auto y heteroinformados y las escalas de evaluación profesional Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC), Psychosocial Maturity Inventory (PSM), Weinberg Adjustment Inventory (WAI), Resistance to Peer Influence (RPI), Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV), Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU) y Barrat Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS 11). Resultados. La distribución de BIS 11 total y de PSM Adecuación Individual fueron normales, con medias de 62.33 y 6.38, respectivamente; la media de PCL: YV total fue 25.87. El 32.8% de los jóvenes tenía familiares de primer grado presos. Se configuraron empíricamente los clusters "impulsivo" y "no impulsivo". Conclusiones. El perfil de los participantes se caracteriza por diversas vulnerabilidades psicológicas y sociofamiliares que deberían ser blanco de intervención preventiva de recidiva violenta.

Abstract Introduction: Different developmental and environmental vulnerability conditions can influence violent behavior in young people. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of young males who were convicted of murder or attempted murder in the province of Buenos Aires, based on indicators of maturity, impulsivity, and socio-family vulnerability. Materials and Methods: Descriptive and exploratory study. The sample consisted of 195 young men (mean: 16.8 years) imprisoned in reformatory institutions of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, as they were convicted of murder (n=130), repeated murder (n=15), or attempted murder (n=50). Self and hetero-informed instruments, and professional assessment scales were used, namely: the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC); the Psychosocial Maturity Inventory (PSM); the Weinberg Adjustment Inventory (WAI); the Resistance to Peer Influence Questionnaire (RPIQ); the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV); the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU), and the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS-11). Results: The distribution of the total BIS 11 and the PSM Individual Adaptation were normal (mean: 62.33 and 6.38, respectively). The mean of the total PCL:YV was 25.87. In 32.8% of the cases a first degree relative was also imprisoned. "Impulsive" and "Non-impulsive" clusters were empirically established. Conclusions: The participants' profile is characterized by several psychological and socio-family vulnerabilities that should be targeted in preventive interventions aimed at preventing violent recidivism.

Objective: To examine the utility of the Self-Report Psychopathy-Short Form (SRP-SF) to assess psychopathic traits in female offenders and to test gender-based item modifications. Method: A South American sample of female offenders (n=210) was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R); 110 subjects also completed the standard SRP-SF, while 109 completed a version with items rewritten to be more relevant for females. The underlying latent structure of the PCL-R and both versions of the SRP-SF were examined. Results: Most of the modified items showed higher average item responses. The PCL-R showed a stronger association with the modified SRP-SF than with the standard SRP-SF. The four-factor model showed very good fit in accounting for the PCL-R data, consistent with previous research. For both SRP-SF versions, the results indicated good model fit. Structural equation models were tested separately, in which a superordinate SRP-SF factor was set to predict a broad factor reflecting chronic misconduct. Both versions showed good model fit, and the SRP-SF superordinate factor significantly predicted a chronic misconduct factor. Conclusions: Both versions of the SRP-SF adequately reflected psychopathic features in this female sample; the modified items added robustness to representation of these features.

Introducción: Los sistemas de salud mental forense incluyen servicios universitarios relevantes para la prevención de la violencia y la protección de los derechos humanos. Objetivos: Describir el servicio del Instituto de Criminología, Criminalística e Intervención Psicosocial Familiar de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Material y métodos: Estudio con diseño mixto, sección cuantitativa descriptiva de serie consecutiva de casos ingresados al instituto entre el 01/01/2015 y el 30/06/2015, y sección cualitativa con exploración de sus expedientes. Resultados: 52 casos ingresaron al instituto durante el período. Se estudiaron 72 personas, con promedio de edad de 22,6 años y distribución por sexo equitativa. El 88,5 % tuvieron requerimiento de intervención. Los temas principales detectados cualitativamente fueron"violencia intrafamiliar","protección infantil","protección juvenil","protección al discapacitado","asistencia a víctimas de abuso sexual","consulta comunitaria directa","fortalezas y debilidades del servicio pericial" y"consumo de alcohol". Conclusiones: Evaluados y asistidos presentan problemas complejos relacionados con la violencia y sus secuelas. El instituto brinda servicios a instituciones judiciales, municipales y directamente a la comunidad, y es una excelente fuente de experiencia académica.

Introduction: Forensic mental health systems include relevant university services for the prevention of violence and the protection of human services. Objectives: Describe the service offered by the"Instituto de Criminologia, Criminalística e Intervencion Psicosocial Familiar" of the Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Material and methods: A study with a mixed design, a descriptive quantitative section with a consecutive series of cases admitted to the Institute between 01/01/2015 and 30/06/2015, and a qualitative one including its dossier exploration. Results: 52 persons were admitted to the institute during that period. 72 individuals with an average age of 22.6 years and an equitable distribution by genders were analyzed in that period. 88.5 % had an intervention requirement. The main subjects detected on a qualitative basis were"domestic violence","child protection","youth protection","protection of the disabled", assistance to victims of sexual abuse","direct community consultation","strengths and weakness of expertise services", and"alcohol consumption". Conclusions: Both evaluated and assisted individuals exhibit complex problems relating to violence and its negative effects. The Institute offers services to judicial and municipal institutions, and directly to the community itself. It is an excellent source of academic experience.

Introdução: Os sistemas da saúde mental forense incluem serviços universitários relevantes para a prevenção da violência e a proteção dos direitos humanos. Objetivos: Descrever o serviço do Instituto de Criminologia, Criminalística e Intervenção Psicosocial Familiar da Universidade de Cuenca, Equador. Material e métodos: Estudo com projeto misturado, seção quantitativa descritiva da série consecutiva dos casos ingressados ao instituto entre o 01/01/2015 e o 30/06/2015, e à seção qualitativa com exploração dos seus processos. Resultados. 52 casos ingressaram no instituto durante o período. 72 pessoas foram examinadas, com médio de idade de 22,6 anos e distribuição pelo sexo equitativa. O 88,5% tiveram exigência de intervenção. Os assuntos principais detectados qualitativamente foram"violência intrafamiliar","proteção infantil","proteção jovem","proteção á pessoa com deficiência","assistência às vítimas do abuso sexual","consulta comunitária direta","forças e fraquezas do serviço pericial" e"o consumo álcool". Conclusões. As pessoas avaliadas e assistidas apresentam-problemas complexos relacionados à violência e a suas sequelas. O instituto oferece serviços às instituições judiciais, municipais e diretamente à comunidade, e é uma fonte excelente da experiência académica.

Objective: To test the four-factor model of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) empirical construct of psychopathy in a Chilean prison population by using instruments that supply different types of data. Methods: Two hundred and nine male inmates of the Prison of Los Andes, Chile, were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out with the PCL-R and the Self-Report of Psychopathy - III - Short Form (SRP-III-SF). Results: The distributions of total PCL-R and SRP-III-SF scores were normal (Kolmorogov-Smirnov [K-S] = 1.04, p = 0.230; K-S = 0.812, p = 0.525, respectively), with means of 20.9±6.8 for the former and 61.6±15.2 for the latter. Model fit was good for the PCL-R (Tucker Lewis index [TLI] = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.04) and for the SRP-SF (TLI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.04). Conclusions: The results obtained with the PCL-R and the SRP-SF showed adequate fit to the empirical four-factor model of psychopathy and support this model. As foreseeable, fit was better for the PCL-R, which combines several sources of information.

In Latin America, violence risk assessment used to be based in the non-structured clinical approach. An Argentinian cohort study that included violence risk assessment tools changed the tradition. The objective of this study is to inform of the observed predictive efficacy of these tools in the follow-up until March 2012. One hundred and fifty three consecutive pre-released convicted males were recruited from September 2001 through September 2004 in La Plata, Argentina. The pre-release assessment measures included the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, Assessing Risk for Violence V2, Structured Professional Judgment, and Violence Risk Appraisal Guide. The mean follow-up time was 1,290 days. Ninety-nine (64.7%) subjects had at least one general relapse, and 91 (59.5%) had at least one violent relapse. The incidence rate of violent recidivism was 16.8 per 100 person-years. While some indicators of predictive validity had no clinical significance, the time-dependent indicators did have clinical significance.

En Latinoamérica, la evaluación del riesgo de violencia se basaba en la aproximación clínica no estructurada. A comienzos del presente siglo un estudio de cohorte argentino cambió la tendencia. El propósito de este estudio es informar sobre la eficacia predictiva de esos instrumentos en el seguimiento hasta marzo de 2012 de la cohorte de penados liberados. Se reclutó a 153 varones penados, candidatos a ser liberados consecutivamente bajo condiciones entre septiembre de 2001 y septiembre de 2004. Las medidas basales estaban constituidas por el Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, Assessing Risk for Violence V2, Violence Risk Appraisal Guide y el juicio profesional estructurado. El período promedio de seguimiento fue de 1.290 días. Noventa y nueve (64.7%) sujetos tuvieron, por lo menos, una recidiva general y 91 (59.5%) tuvieron, por lo menos, una recidiva violenta. La tasa de incidencia de recidiva violenta fue de 16.8 por 100 persona-años. Algunos indicadores de validez predictiva no alcanzaron significación clínica, pero sí los estimadores tiempo-dependientes.

Antecedentes. La violencia ha sido declarada un problema de salud pública mundial. En los últimos años, se ha visto un incremento alarmante de la violencia causada por adolescentes, reflejado en indicadores como el número de homicidios. Los adolescentes son victimarios y víctimas de muchos de estos actos violentos. Colombia no escapa a este fenómeno -donde el homicidio es la principal manera de muerte violenta- y se cuenta con pocos estudios en población homicida juvenil. Objetivo. Explorar comportamientos asociados a cometer homicidio en jóvenes escolarizados y población no escolarizada. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cualitativo mediante técnica de grupos focales. Resultados. Se encontró como el factor de riesgo más implicado la disponibilidad y uso de armas. Otros factores de riesgo afectan la disposición del joven homicida para tener un comportamiento criminal y las estrategias de control que son elegidas por el individuo. Dichos factores son apreciados de maneras distintas por los jóvenes homicidas y los no homicidas. Conclusión. Este estudio arroja información clave que puede ser utilizada en el diseño e implementación de estrategias para enfrentar el homicidio juvenil como problema de salud pública.

Background. Violence has been declared as a public health problem in the world. In the last years, there has been an alarming increase of the violence caused by adolescents. This has been reflected in several indicators as the number of homicides. Adolescents are both criminals and victims of many of these violent acts. Colombia has not escaped this phenomenon -being homicide its main way of violent death- and there is little specific data on juvenile homicidal population. Objective. To explore likely risk factors linked to homicide committed by two young populations: a schooled one and non-schooled one. Materials and methods. A qualitative study of two focus groups: one composed by young murderers and another by young non-murderers. Results. Studies show that the main risk factor is the access to and the use of weapons. Other risk factors affect the young's murder disposition to develop a criminal behaviour and the control strategies chosen by them. Such factors are interpreted in different ways by young murderers and non-murderers. Conclusions. This study gives important data which can be used in order to design and establish strategies to handle juvenile murder as a public health issue.

Antecedentes. La valoración del riesgo de violencia es un requisito fundamental en la toma de decisiones profesionales que implican prevenir, intervenir o informar sobre la conducta de las personas. El uso de herramientas estructuradas de evaluación del riesgo de violencia ha mostrado mejoría en la precisión de las evaluaciones basadas exclusivamente en el juicio clínico o en la pericia de un experto en contextos psiquiátricos, penitenciarios y jurídicos. Objetivo. Este estudio presenta los resultados de la primera encuesta sobre las prácticas profesionales asociadas al uso de herramientas de evaluación del riesgo de violencia en España. Materiales y métodos. La información fue recogida mediante la administración de una encuesta en internet que fue distribuida por correo electrónico a los miembros de organizaciones profesionales. Resultados. De manera similar a los contextos profesionales del resto del mundo, las escalas de psicopatía de Robert Hare (Psychopathy Checklist-Revised y Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version) y el Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 encabezaron la lista de las herramientas más usadas tanto por elección personal como por requisito institucional. Conclusiones. Se ofrecen datos novedosos sobre la prevalencia de uso y la utilidad percibida de las herramientas estructuradas, así como sobre otras cuestiones relacionadas a las prácticas profesionales de evaluación del riesgo de violencia en España que pueden orientar tanto a los profesionales de contextos sanitarios, correccionales y forenses, como a los responsables de las instituciones en la elección de las herramientas a implementar para asistirlos en la toma de decisiones.

Background. Violence risk assessment is a key requirement in professional decision making involving prevention, intervention or reporting on human behavior. The use of structured tools for violence risk assessment has shown to improve the accuracy of assessments based exclusively on clinical judgment or expertise in psychiatric, correctional and legal settings. Objectives. This study presents results of the first survey about professional practices associated with tools for violence risk assessment in Spain. Materials and methods. The information was collected by administering an online-based survey that was distributed by e-mail to members of professional organizations around the country. Results. As in professional contexts worldwide, the Robert Hare's psychopathy scales (Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version) and the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 topped the list of the most used tools both by professional choice and institutional requirement. Conclusions. We provide novel data on the prevalence of use and the perceived utility of specific tools, as well as on other issues related to the professional practice of violence risk assessment in Spain, which can guide professional in the health care, correctional and forensic settings, as well as those responsible for decisions in institutions about choosing which tool to implement.

Introducción: La producción de investigación sobre riesgo de violencia muestra gran heterogeneidad internacional y, especialmente, escasez y lenta difusión en Latinoamérica. Objetivos: Obtener una visión configurativa de los tópicos pertinentes al riesgo y prevención secundaria de la violencia, que son focos actuales de la investigación internacional. Método: Revisión de artículos científicos publicados en inglés durante agosto-octubre del 2013 y de artículos en español que se publicaron durante el 2013-2014. La selección se realizó con base en los trabajos en inglés detectados por la "Alliance for International Risk Research", y en los publicados en español hallados con búsqueda en LILACS y SciELO con las palabras clave "riesgo" y "violencia", además de consulta a red de expertos. Resultados: 45 artículos en inglés y siete en español resultaron pertinentes para los objetivos del estudio. Se verificó amplia preocupación por la sistematización de la evaluación del riesgo de violencia y por la planificación y el monitoreo de las intervenciones de prevención secundaria. Predominaron los tópicos relacionados con la confiabilidad, validez y utilidad práctica de los instrumentos de evaluación de riesgo de violencia.

Introduction: The production of research dealing with the violence risk shows significant international heterogeneity and, particularly, scarce results and a slow dissemination in Latin America. Objectives: To obtain a configurative vision of topics that are relevant to risk assessment and secondary prevention of violence that are the present matters on which international research is focused. Method: The review of scientific articles published in English during August-October 2013 and in Spanish through 2013-2014. The selection made was based on the works written in English as found by the "Alliance for International Risk Research", and on those published in Spanish observed through searches in LILACS and SciELO with the Key Words "riesgo" y "violencia" ("risk and violence"), apart from expert-network consultations. Results: 45 articles in English and seven in Spanish were found relevant for the study purposes. Widespread concern was confirmed with respect to the systematization of violence risk assessment and the planning and monitoring of secondary prevention interventions. Topics relating to reliability, validity and practical usefulness of violence-risk assessment instruments prevailed.

Introdução: A produção da investigação sobre o risco da violência mostra a grande heterogeneidade internacional e, especialmente, escassez e a difusão lenta em América Latina. Objetivos: Para obter uma visão configurativa dos temas pertinentes ao risco e à prevenção secundária da violência, que são focos atuais da investigação internacional. Método: Revisão de artigos científicos publicada em inglês durante agosto-outubro do 2013 e de artigos no espanhol que foram publicados durante 2013-2014. A seleção foi feita com base nos trabalhos em inglês detectados pela "Alliance for International Risk Research", e nos publicadas no espanhol encontrados com busca em LILACS e SciELO com as palavras chaves "risco" e "violência", além da consulta à rede dos especialistas. Resultados: 45 artigos em inglês e sete em espanhol resultaram pertinentes para os objetivos do estudo. Verificou-se ampla preocupação pela sistematização da avaliação do risco da violência e pelo planejamento e pelo monitoramento das intervenções da prevenção secundária. Predominaram os temas relacionados à confiança, à validez e à utilidade prática dos instrumentos da avaliação do risco da violência.

The knowledge of the characteristics of the Chilean convict population is of main importance in order to devise Health services in this area, nevertheless there was no representative information on the subject in Chile. This transversal design study describes convicted population in its socio-demographic, criminological, and clinical dimensions. We evaluated two hundred and nine subjects who were inmates in a jail of the 5th Region of Chile, using multiple data sources, video-recoded interviews and the instruments Hare Psychopaty Checklist - Revised and the HCR-20. Findings show that the prevalence of anti-social personality disorders was 67% and that the psychopathic disorder prevalence was 13%.Tthe existence of criminal and drug abuse records were among historical violence risk factors. Impulsiveness was among the clinical risk factors leading to violence

A pesar que el conocimiento de las características de los penados es un insumo relevante para planificar servicios de salud en el ámbito carcelario, no se contaba en Chile con información representativa. En este estudio de corte transversal se describe población penada chilena en sus dimensiones sociodemográficas, criminológicas y clínicas. Se evaluaron 209 sujetos alojados en el Centro de Cumplimiento Penal de la V Región, Chile, utilizando datos de múltiples fuentes, entrevistas video-registradas y los instrumentos Hare Psychopaty Checklist - Revised y la Guía de Evaluación de Riesgo de Reincidencia Violenta: HCR-20. La prevalencia de trastorno de personalidad antisocial fue del 67% y la de psicopatía, del 13%. Entre los factores históricos de riesgo de violencia, sobresalieron la historia de violencia previa y el abuso de sustancias. Entre los factores clínicos de riesgo de violencia, se destacó la impulsividad.

Introducción: En las últimas décadas hubo importantes avances científicos en la sistematización de la evaluación del riesgo de violencia, pero esas contribuciones no se implementan de manera rápida ni uniforme en la práctica latinoamericana. Objetivos: Describir qué instrumentos de evaluación de riesgo de violencia se utilizan en Chile y Argentina, y qué características tiene esa práctica profesional. Material y método: Se realizó una encuesta a través de la web, a profesionales relacionados con la salud mental registrados en listas nacionales e internacionales de 17 países, entre septiembre y diciembre del 2012. En el estudio se informan resultados de 46 respondientes de Chile y Argentina. Resultados: El 78% de los psiquiatras, el 93% de los psicólogos y el 100% de los trabajadores sociales utilizaron instrumentos para ERV; la amplia mayoría los consideró relativamente útiles. Los instrumentos más utilizados fueron HCR-20, PCL-R y PCL-SV.

Introduction: The last decades revealed important scientific advances in the systemization of violence risk assessment; nevertheless, the implementation in practice of these contributions have neither been fast nor uniform in Latin America. Objectives: The article is aimed at describing the instruments for violence risk assessment used in Chile and Argentina and the features of this professional practice. Material and method: A web survey was carried out among mental health-related professionals registered in the national and international lists of 17 countries between September and December 2012. The results obtained from 46 respondents from Chile and Argentina are reported in this study: 78% of the psychiatrists, 93% of the psychologists and 100% of the social workers involved have employed violence risk assessment (VRA) instruments deemed relatively useful by a wide majority, being HCR-20, PCL-R and PCL-SV the most

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas houve avanços científi- cos importantes na sistematização da avaliação do risco da violência, mas aquelas contribuições não são executadas rapidamente nem uniformemente na prática latinoamericana. Objetivos: Descrever que instrumentos da avaliação do risco da violência são usados no Chile e na Argentina, e que características tem essa prática profissional. Material e método: Uma pesquisa foi feita através da Web, aos profissionais relacionados à saúde mental registrados nas listas nacionais e internacionais de 17 países, entre setembro e dezembro do 2012. No estudo os resultados de 46 respondentes do Chile e da Argentina são informados. Resultados: 78% dos psiquiatra, 93% dos psicólogos e o 100% dos trabalhadores sociais usaram instrumentos para ERV; a ampla maioria os considerou relativamente úteis. Os instrumentos mais usados foram HCR-20, PCL-R e PCL-SV.

Introducción: Dada la relevancia clínica y social que tiene la psicopatía, resulta útil contar con instrumentos autoinformados para la aproximación diagnóstica a la psicopatía. Objetivos: Evaluar la congruencia interna y la validez convergente del Self Report of Psychopathy-Short Form. Material y métodos: Se evaluaron 208 personas condenadas, alojadas en el Centro de Cumplimiento Penal de la Provincia de Los Andes, Chile. Se utilizaron el SRP-III-SF, el PCL-R y la HCR-20. Resultados: La distribución de valores del SRP-III-SF tuvo una media de 61,6 y fue normal. El Coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach para el total fue 0,8 y para los factores 1, 2, 3 y 4 fue 0,7, 0, 4, 0,7 y 0,5, respectivamente. La correlación del SRP-III-SF con el PCL-R fue 0,4 (p = 0,01) y con HCR 20, 0,5 (p < 0,001). El riesgo de diagnóstico de psicopatía con el PCL-R aumentó en forma lineal para cada cuartil de la distribución del SRP-SF. El área bajo la curva ROC fue 0,66 (p = 0,05; 95% IC 0,5; 0,8).

Introduction: Given the clinical and social relevance of psychopathy, it is desirable to have self-report instruments for a proper diagnostic approach. Objectives: Assess the internal congruence and convergent validity of the Self Report of Psychopathy Scale III-Short Form. Material and Methods: 208 convicts housed at the "Centro de Cumplimiento Penal" detention center in the Province of Los Andes, Chile, were evaluated using the SRP-III-SF, PCL-R, and HCR-20 schemes. Results: the SRP-III-SF distribution was normal, with a mean of 61.6. The Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient for the total was 0.8, and 0.7, 0.4, 0.7 and 0.5 for the 1, 2, 3, and 4 factors respectively, while the correlations of SRP-III-SF with PCL-R and HCR 20 were, respectively, 0.4 (p = 0.01) and 0.5 (p < 0,001). The scores of the PCL-R diagnosed psychopathy were linearly higher for each quartile of the SRP-SF distribution. The area under the ROC curve was 0.66 (p = 0.05; 95% IC 0.5; 0.8).

Introdução: Dada a relevância clínica e social que tem a psicopatia, é útil contar com instrumentos autoinformados para a aproximação diagnóstica à psicopatia. Objetivos: Avaliar a congruência interna e a validez convergente do Self Report of Psychopathy-Short Form. Material e métodos: Avaliaram-se 208 pessoas condenadas, alojadas no Centro de Cumprimento Penal da Província dos Andes, Chile. SRP-III-SF, PCL-R e HCR-20 foram usados. Resultados: A distribuição dos valores do SRP-III-SF teve uma média de 61.6 e foi normal. O Coeficiente do Alfa de Cronbach para o total foi 0.8 e para os fatores 1, 2, 3 e 4 foi 0.7, 0.4, 0.7 e 0.5, respectivamente. A correlação do SRP-III-SF com PCL-R foi 0.4 (p = 0.01) e com HCR 20, 0.5 (p < 0.001). O risco do diagnóstico de psicopatia com o PCL-R aumentou em forma linear para cada quartil da distribuição do SRP-SF. A área sob a curva ROC foi 0.66 (p = 0.05; 95% IC 0.5; 0.8).

Los objetivos del presente artículo son describir el sistema de justicia juvenil en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) desde las perspectivas jurídica y ejecutiva, y comunicar avances científicos globales en la evaluación de los jóvenes que cometen actos disociales. En la provincia de Buenos Aires el sistema ha sido profundamente modificado en los últimos 15 años siguiendo las premisas de la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos del Niño y dejando relegado el modelo del Patronato, que había regido previamente. Las instituciones encargadas de la ejecución de la intervención dispuesta por el Poder Judicial dependen actualmente de la Subsecretaria de Niñez y Adolescencia del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y constan de centros cerrados, centros con régimen de semilibertad y centros de intervención ambulatoria (medidas alternativas a la prisión, tales como suspensión de juicio a prueba o tareas comunitarias). Las ciencias relacionadas con la salud mental y con el comportamiento vienen contribuyendo a la identificación de diversos factores influyentes en la conducta disocial y con el diseño de tipos de intervención para cada nivel de prevención. Sin embargo, hay una distancia importante entre las potencialidades del estado actual del conocimiento y la implementación. En las condiciones expuestas, queda configurado un período de transición que aún requiere optimización de la política de infancia con ajustes legislativos, judiciales y administrativos y con la capitalización de los aportes científicos.

The aim of this article is to describe the Justice System for juveniles in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from a legal and administrative perspective; and to review recent contributions to the assessment of youth with dissocial behaviors. During the last 15 years, the system has been deeply modified in order to fit the recommendations of the Convention on the Rights of the Child's. At present, the dispositions of the Courts are carried out by the Sub - Secretariat of Childhood and Youngsters of the Ministry of Social Development. This Secretariat has different facilities, such as closed, mixed centers that combine indoors and outdoors detention centers, open centers (in charge of the application of the sentences that bear alternatives to prison dispositions and community enforced services, etc). Studies from mental health and behavioral sciences have contributed to the identification of risk factors for dissocial behavior and for developing adequate interventions for each specific level of prevention. However, there is still a big gap between the state of the art and the practical issues related to it. Thus, the local system can be considered to be in transition period, and in need of adjustments not only in the legal codes but also in the application of the law, if policy improvement and better use of scientific knowledge is intended.

INTRODUÇÃO: As consequências de comportamentos violentos e antissociais de internos em hospitais psiquiátricos são graves e podem determinar prejuízo ao tratamento do agressor. A falta de conhecimento sobre a incidência desse fenômeno e suas características favorece sua perpetuação. OBJETIVOS: Apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica atualizada do tema, informar a incidência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população manicomial e descrever a implementação de um método de registro sistematizado desse fenômeno. MÉTODO: A coorte foi selecionada dentro da população de pacientes do Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso (IPFMC). Foi utilizada a Escala de Agressividade Declarada de Yudofsky (Overt Aggression Scale, OAS) e o Questionário de Seguimento de Tengström et al. Durante o período de seguimento de 1 ano, foram avaliados diariamente episódios de conduta violenta e antissocial, registrando-se os mesmos na escala e no questionário. A amostra em estudo foi composta de 68 pacientes homens selecionados de forma aleatória entre a população em cumprimento de medida de segurança no IPFMC. RESULTADOS: A incidência de comportamento violento/antissocial no período estudado foi de 200 episódios, envolvendo 50 pacientes. Houve predomínio de agressões e conduta antissocial durante o dia. As intervenções mais utilizadas foram manejo verbal, isolamento do paciente e aplicação de medicação intramuscular. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível, pela primeira vez, medir a ocorrência de conduta violenta e antissocial em uma população psiquiátrica forense.

INTRODUCTION: The consequences of violent and antisocial behaviors among psychiatric hospital inpatients are serious and may affect the treatment of the aggressor. Lack of knowledge concerning the incidence of this phenomenon and its characteristics helps perpetuate the current scenario. OBJECTIVES: To present an updated literature review on the topic, to estimate the incidence of violent and antisocial behaviors in a mental hospital population, and to describe the implementation of a systematic method to record this phenomenon. METHOD: A cohort was selected among the psychiatric inpatients at Maurício Cardoso Forensic Psychiatry Institute (Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Maurício Cardoso, IPFMC). Yudofsky's Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) and Tengström et al.'s Follow-Up Questionnaire were used. During a 1-year follow-up period, episodes of violent and antisocial behavior were evaluated daily and recorded on both the scale and the questionnaire. The population sample included 68 male patients randomly selected among the committed inpatients at IPFMC. RESULTS: The incidence of violent/antisocial behavior along the period assessed was 200 episodes involving 50 patients. Aggressions and antisocial behavior occurred mainly in daytime. The interventions most commonly used were verbal management, patient isolation, and intramuscular medication. CONCLUSION: For the first time, the occurrence of violent and antisocial behavior was measured in a forensic psychiatric population.

Antecedentes. En Chile, al igual que en otros países latinoamericanos, diversas modificaciones judiciales y el interés de los profesionales en sistematizar sus métodos de evaluación en psicopatía promovieron la traducción, adaptación y revisión de las propiedades psicométricas de la Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R). Objetivo. Evaluar aspectos de la confiabilidad y validez de la versión chilena del PCL-R en población forense masculina chilena. Material y métodos. Se realizó traducción y retrotraducción de la escala con la autorización del autor y editorial; se constituyó una muestra de 293 sujetos varones penados que aceptaron participar en la investigación. Entre otros análisis, se contrastó el diagnóstico obtenido a ciegas con la PCL-R con el aportado por el equipo técnico de Gendarmería de Chile. Resultados. La congruencia interna medida con Alfa de Cronbach fue la siguiente: total =0,91; F1= 0,86; F2 = 0,87; F3 = 0,67; F4= 0,77. Valor Kappa ambos tipos de evaluaciones = 0,804; p < 0,001. Se obtuvo significativa asociación entre condición psicópata y reincidente (OR = 12,8; 95 % IC = 5; 33). El análisis factorial confirmatorio resultó compatible con el modelo de cuatro factores. Conclusión. Los resultados orientan a sostener la validez de la versión chilena de la PCL-R y la solución de cuatro factores para el constructo de Psicopatía medido con el instrumento.

Background. In Chile as in other Latin American countries the introduction of the Adversarial Model in the Judicial System increased the need for the systematization of the evaluation of psychopathy, thus making necessary the translation, adaptation and revision of the psychometric properties of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised. Objective. To evaluate aspects of the reliability and validity of the Chilean version of the PCL-R in Chilean male inmate population. Materials and methods. The PCL-R was translated and backtranslated with the authorization of the author and of the Editorial House. A sample of 293 inmates was constituted and the respective informed consent obtained. Several analyses were made including a blind comparison of the diagnosis made with the PCL-R and the one made by the Technical Area of Gendarmería of Chile. Results. The internal congruence measured with Crombach Alfa was: total =0,91; F1= 0,86; F2 = 0,87; F3 = 0,67; F4= 0,77. Kappa value for both types of evaluations = 0,804; p < 0,001. Statistically significant association between psychopathy and condition of reoffending (OR = 12,8; 95 % IC = 5; 33). Confirmatory factor analysis supports the four factor model of psychopathy. Conclusion. The findings support the validity of the Chilean version of the PCL-R and the factor analysis confirmed, for the Chilean sample, the four factors solution of the construct of psychopathy measured by the PCL-R.