RESUMEN La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en el Centro Experimental Cota Cota perteneciente a la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, con el objetivo de identificar: zonas agroecológicas, de uso forestal y de conservación, a través del análisis multicriterio. Es así que, para el trabajo de investigación se tomó seis muestras de suelo extraídas de calicatas con la profundidad de un metro, previamente elaboradas dentro del perímetro del Centro Experimental bajo los criterios de pendiente, proximidad al río y plan del uso del suelo; dichas muestras se llevaron a laboratorio y el resultado del análisis físico y químico fue mapeado a través de un software que aplique Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), haciendo uso de las herramientas de interpolación espacial de datos Kriging e IDW. Los suelos más aptos para el uso agroecológico, son aquellos ubicados según el centroide generado por computadora en la siguiente coordenada: latitud 16° 32' 10.7'' Sur y longitud 68° 3' 51.2'' W. Indicando un suelo con 10-30 % de pendiente, pH neutro (6.54-7.14), un NDVI mayor a 0.4, textura franco arcillosa, potasio intercambiable 0.6-1 meq 100gS°-1, la materia orgánica es de 0.55-1.5%, el porcentaje de nitrógeno total esta entre los 0.2-0.3%, el fósforo disponible supera las 50 ppm, finalmente la capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) entre 17.50-20.64 meq 100gS°-1. Según los parámetros utilizados en el análisis multicriterio, un suelo apto para la agroecología no necesita tener el máximo nivel de clasificación en sus propiedades. Solo el 1.1 % de toda el área total es apta, lo cual corresponde a aproximadamente 1 800 m2, mas el resto son forestales y para conservación.

ABSTRACT This research was carried out at the Cota Cota Experimental Center belonging to the Faculty of Agronomy of the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, with the objective of identifying agroecological, forest use and conservation zones through multicriteria analysis. Thus, for the research work, six soil samples were taken from pits with a depth of one meter, previously prepared within the perimeter of the Experimental Center under the criteria of slope, proximity to the river and land use plan; these samples were taken to the laboratory and the result of the physical and chemical analysis was mapped through a software that applies Geographic Information Systems (GIS), using the Kriging and IDW data spatial interpolation tools. The soils most suitable for agroecological use are those located according to the computer-generated centroid at the following coordinates: latitude 16° 32' 10.7'' South and longitude 68° 3' 51.2'' W. Indicating a soil with 10-30 % slope, neutral pH (6.54-7.14), NDVI greater than 0.4, clay loam texture, exchangeable potassium 0.6-1 meq 100gS°-1, organic matter is 0.55-1.5%, the percentage of total nitrogen is between 0.2-0.3%, available phosphorus exceeds 50 ppm, finally the cation exchange capacity (CEC) is between 17.50-20.64 meq 100gS°-1. According to the parameters used in the multi-criteria analysis, a soil suitable for agroecology does not need to have the highest level of classification in its properties. Only 1.1% of the total area is suitable, which corresponds to approximately 1 800 m2, but the rest is forestry and conservation.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate vitamin D status and deficiency in Mexican children and related factors, with updated data from a representative national survey. Materials and methods: Data and serum samples of child participants were collected in the Ensanut 2018-19. The measurement 25-(OH)-D was obtained through chemiluminescence. Height and weight, as well as dietary information, were measured using a semi-quan- titative food frequency questionnaire and sociodemographic information. Results: Data of 4 691 children aged 1-11 years were analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-D70% of vitamin D intake. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is important in Mexican children. Actions and programs to fight this deficiency are required.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el estado y la deficiencia de vitamina D en niños mexicanos, así como los factores relacionados, con datos actualizados de una encuesta nacional representativa. Material y métodos: Los datos y muestras de suero de niños participantes se recolectaron en la Ensanut 2018-19. La medición de 25- (OH)- D se realizó mediante quimiolu- miniscencia. Se obtuvo estatura, peso e información dietética a través de un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia alimentaria e información sociodemográfica. Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 4 691 niños entre 1 y 11 años. Se observó deficiencia de vitamina D (25-OH-D 70% de la ingesta. Conclusiones: La deficiencia de vitamina D es considerable en los niños mexicanos. Se requieren acciones y programas para combatirla.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight among Mexican preschoolers. METHODS This study was conducted with anthropometric (weight, height/length), sociodemographic (age, gender, education level of household head, socioeconomic status, country region and area, ethnicity, and beneficiary of social programs), and dietary data (Semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire) on children aged from 1 to 4 years collected from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Dietary patterns were derived by principal components analysis. The association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight was assessed by prevalence ratios (PR), estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 1,112 preschoolers (mean age 3.06 years, SD = 1.08 years; 48.8% females) were included in the study; 11.9% of whom presented stunting, and 6.7% overweight. We identified four dietary patterns: Fruits and Vegetables [F&V], Western [W], Traditional [T], and Milk and Liquids [M&L]. Considering the lowest tertile of each dietary pattern as reference, the prevalence of stunting was 2.04 times higher [95%CI: 1.17–3.56] among children in the highest tertile of the “F&V” pattern. The prevalence of stunting was lower among children in the highest tertile of the “W” pattern [PR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.27–0.85]. Overweight was negatively associated with the “F&V” dietary pattern [PR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16–0.85 for its highest tertile], and children whose consumption was mostly equivalent to the “T” pattern showed higher prevalence of stunting [PR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01–3.00]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stunting and overweight in a nationwide sample of Mexican preschoolers was associated with dietary patterns.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight among Mexican preschoolers. METHODS This study was conducted with anthropometric (weight, height/length), sociodemographic (age, gender, education level of household head, socioeconomic status, country region and area, ethnicity, and beneficiary of social programs), and dietary data (Semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire) on children aged from 1 to 4 years collected from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Dietary patterns were derived by principal components analysis. The association between dietary patterns, stunting, and overweight was assessed by prevalence ratios (PR), estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS In total, 1,112 preschoolers (mean age 3.06 years, SD = 1.08 years; 48.8% females) were included in the study; 11.9% of whom presented stunting, and 6.7% overweight. We identified four dietary patterns: Fruits and Vegetables [F&V], Western [W], Traditional [T], and Milk and Liquids [M&L]. Considering the lowest tertile of each dietary pattern as reference, the prevalence of stunting was 2.04 times higher [95%CI: 1.17–3.56] among children in the highest tertile of the “F&V” pattern. The prevalence of stunting was lower among children in the highest tertile of the “W” pattern [PR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.27–0.85]. Overweight was negatively associated with the “F&V” dietary pattern [PR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16–0.85 for its highest tertile], and children whose consumption was mostly equivalent to the “T” pattern showed higher prevalence of stunting [PR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.01–3.00]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of stunting and overweight in a nationwide sample of Mexican preschoolers was associated with dietary patterns.

ABSTRACT: Oral pathologies have been a real challenge for dentistry, mainly due to its treatment. Currently, there are numerous biomaterials on the market that may present inherent properties in dental tissues. However, studies on multiple cell lines are based on biocompatible results such as biocompatibility and cellular cytotoxicity. Biodentine is endodontic cement based on calcium silicates of multiple applications, which would provide biocompatibility properties as cellular bioactivity, characteristics that will allow it to be used in direct contact with the dental pulp. The objective of this study is the in vitro evaluation of Biodentine, on cultures of cells of the human dental pulp (HDPC). Biodentine cement disks of 2 x 6 mm were prepared, and HDPC culture plates were introduced. After 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure, cell viability tests were performed using the MTT colorimetric method. On the other hand, protein expression assays of two proteins involved in the signaling pathway of cell apoptosis Caspase-3 cleaved (cas-3 clv) and PARP-1 are carried out. There are statistically significant differences (p <0,05) in the cell viability tests between Biodentine and control group, as well as the exposure time increases (p <0,05). Otherwise, there are also significant differences (p <0,05) in the expression of PARP-1 in the groups, sometimes a Biodentine. The results in this study that Biodentine generates a cellular cytotoxicity in HDPC cultures, therefore, cell viability as the expression of apoptotic proteins. This is why the use of this biomaterial should be studied for each particular clinical case, especially as a direct pulp capping agent.

RESUMEN: Las patologías pulpares han sido un verdadero reto para la odontología principalmente por su tratamiento. Actualmente, existen numerosos biomateriales en el mercado que reportan tener propiedades inherentes en los tejidos dentarios. Sin embargo, diferentes estudios sobre múltiples líneas celulares expuestas a estos biomateriales demuestran resultados controversiales como biocompatiblidad y citotoxicidad celular. Biodentine, es un cemento endodóntico en base a silicatos cálcico de múltiples aplicaciones, que prestaría propiedades de biocompatibilidad como bioactividad celular, características que le permitirían incluso ser utilizado en contacto directo con la pulpa dental. El objetivo de este estudio es la evaluación in-vitro de Biodentine, sobre cultivos de células de la pulpa dental humana (CCPDH). Se prepararon discos de cemento de Biodentine™ de 2 x 6 mm, los que se expusieron a cultivos de células aisladas de la pulpa dental humana. Luego de 24, 48 y 72 horas de exposición, se realizaron ensayos de viabilidad celular utilizando el método colorimétrico MTT. También se realizaron ensayos de expresión proteica de dos proteínas involucradas en la vía de señalización de la apoptosis celular: Caspasa - 3 clivada y Poli (ADP-Ribosa) Polimerasa, PARP - 1. Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) en los ensayos de viabilidad celular entre las células expuestas a Biodentine y el grupo control, como también a medida que aumenta el tiempo de exposición (p<0,05). Por otra parte, también existen diferencias significativas (p<0,05) en la expresión de PARP- 1 en los grupos sometidos a Biodentine. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio demuestran que Biodentine genera citotoxicidad celular en cultivos celulares de pulpa dental humana, por disminución de la viabilidad celular como por la expresión de proteínas apoptóticas. Es por esto que la utilización de este biomaterial debería ser estudiado y considerarse en cada caso clínico, especialmente como recubridor pulpar directo.

With the appearance of wireless data networks with variable coverage, band width and handoff strategies, in addition to the growing need of mobile nodes to freely roam among these networks, the support of an interoperable handoff strategy for hybrid wireless data networks is a requirement that needs to be addressed. The current trend in wireless data networks is to offer multimedia access to mobile users by employing the wireless local area network (WLAN) standard IEEE802.11 while the user is located indoors; on the other hand, 3rd generation wireless networks (WAN) are being deployed to provide coverage while the user is located outdoors. As a result, the mobile node will require a handoff mechanism to allow the user to roam between WLAN and WAN environments; up to this date several strategies have been proposed (Sattari et al., 2004 and HyoJin, 2007) in the literature, however, none of these have been standardized to date. To support this interoperability, the mobile node must be equipped with configurable wireless inetrfaces to support the handoff between the WLAN and the WAN networks. In this work a new algorithm is proposed to allow a mobile node to roam between a wireless local area network (IEEE802.11) and a WAN base station (UMTS), while employing IP mobility support. The algorithm is implemented in simulation, using the Network Simulator 2.

Hoy en día existe una gran variedad de redes inalámbricas de datos que proporcionan coberturas variables, diferentes anchos de banda que implementan diferentes estrategias de traspaso; adicionalmente se presenta una gran demanda por parte de los usuarios móviles por utilizar libremente la cobertura que proporcionan este tipo de redes. Por lo anterior, existe una necesidad de la implementación de mecanismos de traspaso que permitan la interoperabilidad en los traspasos que se presentan en redes inalámbricas híbridas. La tendencia actual, es la de proporcionar acceso para aplicaciones multimedia utilizando redes inalámbricas de área local (WLAN), utilizando el estándar IEEE 802. 11 para interiores; por otro lado, se están instalando redes inalámbricas de y generación para proporcionar cobertura en exteriores. Como resultado, los nodos móviles requieren un mecanismo de traspaso para permitir la comunicación en ambientes WLAN y WAN; a la fecha, se han propuesto diversas estrategias en la literatura (Sattari et al., 2004 y Hyo Jin, 2007); sin embargo, ninguna de éstas ha sido estandarizada. Para habilitar la interoperabilidad, el nodo móvil debe ser auto-configurable para permitir la movilidad entre las redes WLAN y WAN. En este trabajo se propone un algoritmo para permitir el traspaso de un nodo móvil dentro de una red inalámbrica de área local (IEEE 802.11) y una estación base WAN (UMTS), utilizando el soporte de movilidad IP. El algoritmo se implementó en simulación utilizando la herramienta Network Simulator 2.