Resumen Melián, E. A.; M. A. Hadad, D. Flores, V. Gallardo, Y. A. Ribas Fernádez, E. Romero & F. A. Roig. 2024. Evaluación del potencial dendrocronológico de dos arbustos que coexisten en áreas desérticas de montaña del centro-oeste de Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 12(1): 107-121. Los estudios dendrocronológicos con arbustos de ecosistemas áridos en América del Sur son de gran importancia para interpretar la ecología de estos ambientes debido a la escasez de estudios en la región. Este enfoque permite evaluar las respuestas de las poblaciones vegetales expuestas a las condiciones del clima árido. Desarrollamos cronologías de ancho de anillos y evaluamos, por primera vez para Argentina, la relación entre el crecimiento radial y variables climáticas (precipitación, temperatura e índice de aridez) de dos especies de arbustos característicos de ambientes montanos, Proustia cuneifolia y Hualania colletioides. La cronología de P. cuneifolia registró una correlación positiva con la precipitación (mayo), temperatura (octubre, julio y febrero) y SPEI (junio-octubre). La cronología de H. colletioides presentó relaciones negativas con la temperatura de los meses de diciembre y febrero. Los resultados sugieren que las variaciones en el ancho de los anillos anuales de P. cuneifolia están influenciadas por el clima regional, principalmente por la aridez, mientras que el crecimiento de H. colletioides podría estar influenciado por factores a escala de micrositio. La intrincada orografía cordillerana genera variaciones en las condiciones climáticas, las cuales pueden imprimir respuestas particulares del crecimiento. Por ello, una red de cronologías ayudaría a interpretar en detalle la respuesta del crecimiento de estas plantas al clima cordillerano.

Abstract Melián, E. A.; M. A. Hadad, D. Flores, V. Gallardo, Y. A. Ribas Fernández, E. Romero & F. A. Roig. 2024. Assessment of dendrochronological potential of two shrubs that coexist in mountain desert areas of central-western Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 12(1): 107-121. Dendrochronological studies with shrubs from arid ecosystems in South America are of great importance due to the scarcity of ecological information that exists in these environments. This approach allows to evaluate the responses of plant species exposed to climate variability under arid conditions. We developed ring width chronologies and evaluated, for the first time for Argentina, the relationship between radial growth and climatic variables (precipitation, temperature and aridity index) of two shrub species characteristic of arid montane environments, Proustia cuneifolia and Hualania colletioides. The chronology of P. cuneifolia recorded a positive correlation with precipitation (May), temperature (October, July and February), and SPEI (June-October). The chronology of H. colletioides showed negative correlation with the temperature of the months of December and February. The results suggest that variations of the annual ring widths of P. cuneifolia are influenced by regional climate, mainly by aridity, while the growth of H. colletioides could be influenced by factors at the scale of microsite. A more extensive network of chronologies is necessary to explore site-climate variability under conditions of a complex topography such as that found in mountainous areas, suggesting the spatial extension of these records in order to understand in more detail the climatic imprint on the annual growth of these shrubs.

Resumen La producción de ganado en zonas semiáridas es posible debido a la existencia de fuentes de agua permanentes, lo que genera un patrón radial de intensidad de pastoreo llamada piosfera. Por tal motivo, nuestra predicción se basa en que las fuentes de agua permanente influyen negativamente en las condiciones ecológicas de las comunidades vegetales provocando diferentes receptividades ganaderas. Comparamos gradientes de pastoreo tomando la distancia a las fuentes de agua como indicador de presión ganadera acumulada en dos unidades geomorfológicas. La variación en la composición botánica de las diferentes áreas se realizó utilizando análisis de la varianza y un análisis de componentes principales. Se efectuó un modelo de la relación entre la distancia a la fuente de agua y la receptividad ganadera. Nuestros resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la contribución de las diferentes especies en relación con la distancia a las fuentes de agua. El modelo de regresión no lineal fue el que mejor se ajustó entre la fuente de agua y la receptividad ganadera para ambas unidades geomorfológicas. La distancia a las fuentes de agua permanente es un buen indicador de la presión ganadera acumulada en regiones semiáridas como el área de estudio.

Abstract Livestock production in semi-arid areas is possible due to the presence of permanent water sources, which create a radial pattern of grazing intensity known as the piosphere. For this reason, we predicted that permanent water sources would negatively impact the ecological conditions of plant communities, leading to variations in livestock receptivity. To test this prediction, we compared grazing gradients in two geomorphological units, using distance to water sources as an indicator of accumulated livestock pressure. We assessed variations in the botanical composition of both areas by analysis of variance and principal components analysis. Additionally, we modeled the relationship between distance to water source and livestock receptivity. Our results revealed significant differences in the contribution of different species based on their distance to water sources. Notably, a non-linear regression model provided the best fit for the relationship between water source and livestock receptivity in both geomorphological units. These findings demonstrate that the distance to permanent water sources serves as a reliable indicator of accumulated livestock pressure in semi-arid regions like the study area.

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre os dados de pesquisa no contexto da Arquivologia e a importância da produção, gestão, transmissão e preservação dos dados em ambientes adequados, mantendo uma cadeia de custódia digital segura e ininterrupta para que os dados se mantenham autênticos e confiáveis ao longo do tempo, com fins de reuso. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratória, que fez uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O artigo apresenta semelhanças e diferenças nas definições dos conceitos relacionados ao contexto dos Repositórios Arquivísticos Digitais Confiáveis, para acervos documentais, e dos Repositórios de Dados Científicos, para conjuntos de dados, e sobre a importância da interoperabilidade entre eles, uma vez que cada tipo de repositório possui suas especificidades. O artigo reflete a importância da gestão, preservação, acesso e reuso dos documentos arquivísticos digitais em formato de dados, tanto para reuso quanto para apoio aos gestores em suas tomadas de decisão, destacando a importância dos Planos de Gestão de Dados. Concluímos que embora semelhantes, muitos conceitos diferem quando aplicados no contexto dos Repositórios Arquivísticos Digitais Confiáveis e dos Repositórios de Dados Científicos; que a Arquivologia precisa se atentar para os documentos arquivísticos digitais em formato de dados; e que a interoperabilidade entre os Repositórios Arquivísticos Digitais Confiáveis e Repositórios de Dados Científicos trará muitos benefícios aos consumidores dessas informações. Resumo produção gestão adequados tempo Tratase Trata qualitativa exploratória documental documentais eles especificidades decisão semelhantes informações

Abstract: This article aims to reflect on research data in the context of Archival Science and on the importance of production, management, transmission, and preservation of data in suitable environments, maintaining a safe and uninterrupted digital chain of custody so that data remain authentic and reliable over time and for reuse purposes. This is qualitative, exploratory research. Regarding the nature of the sources used, this is a bibliographic and documentary research. The article presents similarities and differences in the definitions of concepts related to the context of Reliable Digital Archival Repositories, for documentary collections, and Scientific Data Repositories, for datasets, and on the importance of interoperability between them, since each type of repository has its specificities. The article reflects on the importance of management, preservation, access, and reuse of digital archival documents in data format, both for reuse and to support managers in their decision-making, highlighting the importance of Data Management Plans. We conclude that although similar, many concepts differ when applied in the context of Trusted Digital Archival Repositories and Scientific Data Repositories. That Archival Science needs to pay attention to digital archival documents in data format, and interoperability between Reliable Digital Archival Repositories and Scientific Data Repositories will bring many benefits to consumers of this information. Abstract production management transmission environments purposes qualitative used collections datasets them specificities access format decisionmaking, decisionmaking decision making, making decision-making Plans similar information

Abstract In this research, the papain enzyme was obtained from the latex of three species of the Vasconcellea genus, V. chachapoyensis, V. heilbornii and V. pubescens, species native to the Amazon region in Peru. The extracted latex was conditioned with sodium acetate buffer, EDTA and sodium bisulfite solution. The purification was carried out adapting the method of Andrade (2011), ammonium sulfate was used for precipitation; 96° ethanol in two stages for dilution; the pH was regulated at 6.0 and 8.0 with NaOH 0.1 N, it was centrifuged in three stages; frozen at -65 °C for 12 hours; and lyophilized from 24 to 36 hours with a vacuum of 0.1 to 0.6 mbar and a collector temperature of -84 to -85 ° C, finally it was packed in dark bottles. Using the milk coagulation method (Balls and Hoover) the enzymatic activity (AE) was determined, the three species obtained higher values of AE at pH 6.0 than at pH 8.0; V. chachapoyensis presented a higher significant average of EA (240.97 Upe), followed by V. pubescens (195.80 Upe) and V. heilbornii (112.45 Upe), it was also significantly higher than commercial papain (208.14 Upe). V. pubescens had higher proteolytic activity than the other species.

Resumen En esta investigación se obtuvo la enzima papaína a partir de látex de tres especies del género Vasconcellea, V. chachapoyensis, V. heilbornii y V. pubescens, especies nativas de la región Amazonas en Perú. El látex extraído se acondiciono con buffer acetato de sodio, EDTA y solución de bisulfito de sodio. La purificación se realizó adaptando el método de Andrade (2011), se utilizó sulfato de amonio para la precipitación; etanol de 96° en dos etapas para la dilución; se regulo el pH a 6.0 y 8.0 con NaOH 0.1 N, se centrifugo en tres etapas; se congelo a -65 °C por 12 horas; y liofilizo de 24 a 36 horas con vacío de 0.1 a 0.6 mbar y temperatura de colector de -84 a -85 ° C, finalmente se envaso en frascos oscuros. Utilizando el método de coagulación de leche (Balls and Hoover) se determinó la actividad enzimática (AE), las tres especies obtuvieron mayores valores de AE a pH 6.0 que a pH 8.0; la V. chachapoyensis presento mayor promedio significativo de AE (240.97 Upe), seguido de V. pubescens (195.80 Upe) y V. heilbornii (112.45 Upe), también fue significativamente superior a la papaína comercial (208.14 Upe). La V. pubescens tuvo mayor actividad proteolítica que las otras especies.

RESUMEN Introducción . Con las nuevas terapias, el diagnóstico temprano de la atrofia muscular espinal (AME) es esencial. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los distintos componentes que influyen en el retraso diagnóstico. Población y métodos . Se incluyeron pacientes con un diagnóstico molecular de AME tipo I, II y III. Se estudiaron varios parámetros, como la edad al momento de la aparición del primer signo, qué signo fue y el intervalo entre este y el diagnóstico confirmado. Neurólogos especialistas realizaron entrevistas que se complementaron con la revisión de historias clínicas cuando fue necesario. Resultados . Se entrevistaron 112 pacientes. AME I n = 40, AME II n = 48, AME III n = 24. La mediana de edad en meses al momento del reporte del primer signo fue AME I: 1,5 (R 0-7), AME II: 9 (R 2-20), AME III: 18 (R 8-180). Los primeros signos fueron reconocidos por los padres en el 75 % al 85 % de las veces en todos los subtipos. La mediana del tiempo transcurrido entre el primer signo y la primera consulta médica fue menor a un mes en los tres tipos. La mediana de tiempo transcurrido en meses entre el primer signo y el diagnóstico molecular confirmado fue en AME I: 2 (R 0-11), en AME II: 10 (3 46) y en AME III: 31,5 (R 4-288). Conclusiones . Existe un significativo retraso en el diagnóstico de la AME relacionado fundamentalmente a la falta de sospecha clínica. La demora es menor en AME I y mayor en AME III. Otros factores incluyen deficiencias en el sistema de salud.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar, conforme al Índice de Robson, la tasa de cesáreas en pacientes atendidas, en un periodo de nueve meses, en el Centro de Investigación Materno-Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y monocéntrico efectuado en pacientes embarazadas atendidas en el Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil del Grupo de Estudios al Nacimiento, (CIMIGen) que finalizaron el embarazo por cesárea y en quienes se utilizó el índice de Robson para su clasificación. Parámetros de estudio: indicaciones de la cesárea, riesgo de pérdida del bienestar fetal, alta de progresión del trabajo de parto, falla en la inducción del trabajo de parto, macrosomía, periodo intergenésico corto (menos de 18 meses). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 569 pacientes de las que 228 finalizaron el embarazo mediante cesárea y 341 por parto, lo que representó una tasa de cesáreas del 39.9%. Al aplicar el método de clasificación de Robson, los grupos con mayor contribución relativa a la tasa global de cesáreas fueron: grupo 1 (17.62%), grupo 2, subdividido en sus dos categorías: 2a con 19.38% y 2b 17.18%; y el grupo 5.1 (22.91%) y grupo 5.2 (3.96%). Las principales indicaciones de cesárea fueron: 1) riesgo de pérdida del bienestar fetal (18.9%), 2) falta de progresión del trabajo de parto (16.7%), 3) falla en la inducción del trabajo de parto (11.1%), 4) macrosomía (7.2%) y 5) periodo intergenésico corto (7.2%). CONCLUSIONES: El índice de Robson señaló a los grupos 1, 2 y 5 como los mayores contribuyentes a la tasa de cesáreas en CIMIGen. Esta tendencia, grupos 1 y 2 con porcentajes elevados, también se observa en otros centros de atención en México, lo que pudiera indicar una práctica de atención obstétrica que debe revisarse. Esto también se ve en otros países, aunque los porcentajes son distintos pero siguen siendo considerables en los grupos 1, 2 y 5.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine, according to the Robson Index, the caesarean section rate in patients attended, over a period of nine months, at the Maternal and Infant Research Centre of the Childbirth Studies Group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, single-centre study carried out in pregnant patients attended at the Maternal and Infant Research Centre of the Childbirth Study Group (CIMIGen) who terminated gestation by caesarean section and in whom the Robson index was used for classification. Study parameters: indications for caesarean section, risk of loss of fetal well-being, high labour progression, failure of labour induction, macrosomia, short inter-gestational period (less than 18 months). RESULTS: We obtained 569 patients of whom 228 terminated pregnancy by caesarean section and 341 by delivery, representing a caesarean section rate of 39.9%. Applying Robson's classification method, the groups with the highest relative contribution to the overall caesarean section rate were: group 1 (17.62%), group 2, subdivided into its two categories: 2a with 19.38% and 2b 17.18%; and group 5.1 (22.91%) and group 5.2 (3.96%). The main indications for caesarean section were 1) risk of loss of fetal well-being (18.9%), 2) failure of labour to progress (16.7%), 3) failure of induction of labour (11.1%), 4) macrosomia (7.2%) and 5) short inter-gestational period (7.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Robson's index pointed to groups 1, 2 and 5 as the largest contributors to the caesarean section rate at CIMIGen. This trend, groups 1 and 2 with high percentages, is also seen in other facilities in Mexico, which may indicate an obstetric care practice that needs to be reviewed. This is also seen in other countries, although the percentages are different but still considerable in groups 1, 2 and 5.

RESUMO A pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar temáticas essenciais para estruturar uma política pública de gestão arquivística de documentos digitais. Como metodologia, a pesquisa quanto ao objetivo é descritiva de abordagem quali-quantitativa e quanto à técnica de levantamento de dados, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura, cujo protocolo da revisão seguiu as recomendações PRISMA (Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises), quando foram selecionadas 11 publicações recuperadas das bases de dados científicas. Nos resultados quantitativos, verificou-se a coocorrência das palavras-chave mais frequentes dos textos escritos em português e inglês. Quanto aos resultados qualitativos, a análise de conteúdo possibilitou a identificação de seis categorias a respeito de gestão de documentos subdivididas em temáticas concernentes ao assunto principal de cada categoria. Com destaque para a categoria “Assuntos relevantes de gestão documental”, que identifica 12 temáticas essenciais para a gestão de documentos digitais. Como conclusão, a pesquisa permitiu verificar aspectos da gestão documental que servem como subsídios para o desenvolvimento e implantação de uma política pública de gestão arquivística de documentos digitais. Assim como, salienta-se a relevância dos dois modelos de especificações de requisitos brasileiros como instrumentos para subsidiar a política pública de gestão arquivística de documentos digitais no Brasil. metodologia qualiquantitativa quali quantitativa literatura Principais Metaanálises, Metaanálises Meta análises , Meta-análises) 1 científicas quantitativos verificouse verificou se palavraschave palavras chave inglês qualitativos Assuntos documental, documental” conclusão salientase salienta Brasil Meta-análises

ABSTRACT This research aims to identify essential themes to structure a public policy of archival management of digital records. As methodology, the research as to the objective is descriptive of quali-quantitative approach and as to the data collection technique, a systematic literature review was conducted, whose review protocol followed the PRISMA recommendations (Main Items to Report Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses), when 11 publications retrieved from scientific databases were selected. In the quantitative results, the co-occurrence of the most frequent keywords in the texts written in Portuguese and English was verified. As for the qualitative results, content analysis allowed the identification of six categories about records management, subdivided into themes concerning the main subject of each category. We highlight the category "Relevant issues of records management", which identifies 12 essential issues for digital records management. As a conclusion, the research allowed us to verify aspects of records management that serve as subsidies for the development and implementation of a public policy of archival management of digital records. In addition, we highlight the relevance of the two Brazilian models of requirements specifications as instruments for the consolidation of a public policy of digital records management in Brazil. methodology qualiquantitative quali technique conducted Main Metaanalyses, Metaanalyses Meta analyses , Meta-analyses) 1 selected results cooccurrence co occurrence verified Relevant management" conclusion addition Brazil Meta-analyses

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the periapical healing following root canal treatment in teeth with apical periodontitis (in vivo) and the cytotoxic potential of root canal sealers in vitro. Material and Methods: Apical periodontitis was induced in 60 dogs' teeth and root canals were filled with Sealapex (40 roots), EndoREZ (40 roots), intracanal dressing (20 roots), or left untreated (20 roots). After 30 and 90 days, histopathological analyses were made. In vitro, J774.1 macrophages were stimulated with root canal sealers extracts, cytotoxicity was assessed using lactate dehydrogenase assay, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze TNF-α gene expression. Results: In vivo, smaller apical periodontitis and lower inflammatory cell infiltrate were found in teeth treated with Sealapex compared to EndoREZ. In vitro, EndoREZ was cytotoxic and induced TNF-α gene expression by macrophages differently from Sealapex. Conclusion: Sealapex allowed improved tissue repair following root canal treatment in teeth with apical periodontitis compared to EndoREZ. Synthesis of TNF-α induced by LPS was enhanced by EndoREZ, whereas Sealapex prevented pro-inflammatory gene expression.

Resumen (Introducción): La deforestación y la gestión insostenible de los sistemas de producción agrícola y ganadero en áreas montañosas han provocado la degradación de la tierra y una progresiva reducción en la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos. (Objetivo): En este artículo se desarrolla un análisis espacial de susceptibilidad de erosión en la subcuenca del río Claro, en el cordón montañoso Fila Cruces, en la región del Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. (Metodología): Para ello se aplicaron los métodos de regresión logística y redes neuronales artificiales integrados en un entorno de sistemas de información geográfica (GIS) y empleando herramientas de teledetección. En ambos modelos se consideraron los siguientes factores explicativos: uso del suelo, geomorfología, pendiente, distancia euclidiana a la red de drenaje e índice de vegetación diferencial normalizado (NDVI, en sus siglas en inglés). Los mapas de susceptibilidad de erosión fueron validados independientemente por medio de la función características operativas del receptor (ROC, por sus siglas en inglés). (Resultados): El modelo de redes neuronales artificiales obtuvo un poder predictivo superior al de regresión logística (AUC, por sus siglas en inglés). Los factores con mayor poder explicativo variaron en función del modelo utilizado. (Conclusiones): Los mapas de susceptibilidad de erosión mostraron una elevada alteración ecológica en términos de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de procesos de erosión, especialmente en la parte alta de la subcuenca, en terrenos ocupados por fincas de ganadería extensiva y elevada pendiente.

Abstract (Introduction): Deforestation and unsustainable management of agricultural and livestock production systems in mountainous areas have caused land degradation and a progressive reduction in the provision of ecosystem services. (Objective): This paper elaborates erosion susceptibility mapping applied at the local scale in the Claro river subbasin in the Fila Cruces mountain range, in Southern Pacific Costa Rica. (Methodology): The spatial analysis was conducted using a geographic information system (GIS) environment employing two techniques, logistic regression and artificial neural networks, as well as remote sensing tools. Five conditional factors were finally evaluated for the models: land use, geomorphology, slope gradient, distance to streams, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The erosion susceptibility maps were validated through the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) function. (Results): The artificial neural network model showed higher predictive power than the logistic regression method based on the calculated value of the Area under the Curve (AUC). The factors with the greatest explanatory power varied depending on the model used. (Conclusions): The erosion susceptibility maps showed a high ecological alteration in terms of the probability of occurrence of erosion processes, especially in the upper subbasin, lands mostly occupied by cattle ranching, and a steeply sloped morphology.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar la transportación apical en dientes extraídos utilizando tres sistemas rotatorios de níquel-titanio (Mtwo, Hyflex CM y Typhoon). Sesenta primeros molares extraídos se dividieron aleatoriamente en tres grupos (n=20 en cada grupo) con curvaturas del conducto radicular similares (25-52 grados). Todos los conductos radiculares se prepararon usando una técnica corono apical para cada sistema rotatorio. La pérdida de la longitud de trabajo y la transportación apical se determinaron mediante evaluación radiográfica. Las comparaciones entre los grupos se realizaron utilizando análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) o Kruskal-Wallis, y los análisis post hoc empleados fueron las pruebas de comparación múltiple de Dunn o Tukey. No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes sistemas rotatorios en la pérdida de la longitud de trabajo y transportación apical. Este estudio demostró que el uso de estos tres sistemas es seguro y útil para su instrumentación en conductos curvos; sin embargo, investigación in vivo es necesaria para comparar la efectividad y seguridad de estos sistemas para su uso en conductos curvos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the apical transportation in extracted teeth using three different rotary nickel-titanium systems (Mtwo, Hyflex CM, and Typhoon). Sixty extracted first molars were randomly divided into three groups (n=20 in each group) with similar root canal curvatures (25-52 degrees). All root canals were prepared to size 30 using a crown-down preparation technique for each rotary system. Loss of working length and apical transportation were determined by X-ray evaluation. Comparisons between the groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the post hoc analyses employed were Dunn´s or Tukey´s multiple comparison tests. No significant differences were detected between the different rotary systems in the loss of working length and apical transportation. This in vitro study showed that the use of these three rotary systems are safe and useful for instrumentation in curved canals; however, further in vivo research is essential to compare the effectiveness and safety of these systems for use in curved canals.

Resumo Os padrões hiper-espectrais e colorimétricos foram determinados a partir de aspectos anatómicos e físicos para a caracterização da Púrpura Peltogyne seca Madeira Pittier a partir de árvores florestais naturais. Foi colhida uma amostra de discos de madeira de 24 P. purpúrea e foram determinadas características anatómicas (densidade e diâmetro dos vasos, percentagem de vasos solitários), densidade da madeira, cor (CIELab) e refletância hiper-espectral na gama de 310 a 1 100 nm na madeira seca, tanto na secção de borne como de cerne. Foram encontradas diferenças anatómicas significativas entre o borne e o cerne; foi encontrada uma maior presença de vasos solitários no borne (34,28%), mas com uma densidade de vasos de 27,07 poros/mm2 e um diâmetro de 148,53 ìm. Na análise colorimétrica, o brilho e b* (aparelhamento) foram maiores no borne, mas com valores significativamente menores em a* (avermelhamento), gerando assim uma diferença de cor total (superior a 14,55). No que respeita à reflectância, foram encontrados três pontos de diferenciação significativos entre as duas secções, que se situavam a 460, 580 e 1 020 nm; ao correlacionar estes três segmentos, não foi encontrada qualquer correlação com os aspectos anatómicos, mas com a densidade da madeira (superior a 0,69), ao nível da cor não foi encontrada qualquer relação com o parâmetro de cor L* (brilho), enquanto a* apenas apresentou correlações inversas a 580 nm e lineares com b* a 580 nm. Neste estudo não foram encontradas relações colorimétricas com aspectos anatómicos.

Abstract Hyperspectral and colorimetric patterns were determined from anatomical and physical aspects for the characterization of dry Peltogyne purpurea Pittier wood from natural forest trees. A sample of 24 P. purpurea wood discs was taken and anatomical characteristics (density and diameter of vessels, percentage of solitary vessels), wood density, colour (CIELab) and hyperspectral reflectance in the range of 310 to 1 100 nm in the dry wood, both in sapwood and heartwood section, were determined. Significant anatomical differences were found between sapwood and heartwood; a higher presence of solitary vessels was found in sapwood (34.28 %) but with a vessel density of 27.07 pores mm-2 and diameter of 148.53 ìm In the colorimetry analysis, brightness and b* (yellowing) were higher in sapwood, but with significantly lower values in a* (redness), thus generating a total color difference (higher than 14.55). As regards reflectance, three significant differentiation points were found between both sections, which were at 460, 580 and 1 020 nm; when correlating these three segments, no correlation was found with the anatomical aspects, but with the density of the wood (higher than 0.69), at the color level no relationship was found with the color parameter L* (brightness), while a* only showed inverse correlations at 580 nm and linear ones with b* at 580 nm. In this study no colorimetric relationships with anatomical aspects were found.

Resumen Se determinaron lo patrones hiperespectrales y colorimétricos a partir de aspectos anatómicos y físicos para la caracterización de la madera seca de Peltogyne purpurea Pittier, procedente de árboles de bosque natural. Se tomó una muestra de 24 discos de madera de P. purpurea y se caracterizaron anatómicamente (densidad y diámetro de vasos, porcentaje de vasos solitarios), densidad madera, color (CIELab) y reflectancia hiperespectral en el rango de 310 a 1 100 nm en la madera seca, tanto en la sección de la albura como del duramen. Se encontraron diferencias significativas a nivel anatómico entre albura y duramen; encontrando una presencia mayor de vasos solitarios en albura (34,28 %) pero con una densidad de vasos de 27,07 poros mm-2 y diámetro de 148,53 ìm. En el análisis de la colorimetría, la luminosidad y b* (amarillamiento) fue mayor en albura, pero con valores significativamente menores en a* (enrojecido), generando con ello que la diferencia del color sea total (superior a 14,55). En cuanto la reflectancia se encontraron tres puntos de diferenciación significativa entre ambas secciones, que fueron a los 460, 580 y 1 020 nm; al correlacionar estos tres segmentos no se encontró correlación alguna con los aspectos anatómicos, pero sí con la densidad de la madera (superiores a 0,69), a nivel de color no se encontraron relaciones con el parámetro de color L* (luminosidad), mientras que a* solo mostró correlaciones inversas a los 580 nm y lineales con b* a 580 nm. En este estudio no se encontraron relaciones colorimétricas con aspectos anatómicos.

RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del uso de los auxiliares de higiene oral combinados con agentes blanqueadores sobre la microdureza y la micro-morfología del esmalte dental. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron 40 incisivos humanos y se seccionaron para obtener muestras de 4x4 mm los cuales se dividieron en cuatro grupos de estudio. Grupo 1: cepillado eléctrico con pasta de dientes (BTP); Grupo 2: cepillado eléctrico con pasta dental+enjuague bucal (BTP+MW); Grupo 3: cepillado eléctrico con pasta dental+pluma blanqueadora (BTP+WP); Grupo 4: cepillado eléctrico con pasta dental+enjuague bucal+pluma blanqueadora (BTP+MW+WP). Las muestras fueron analizadas por medio de microdurezaVickers y microscopía electronica de barrido (SEM). Resultados. Todos los grupos, con la excepción del grupo 1, mostraron una disminución en los valores de microdureza después de aplicar los tratamientos (p<0.05). Del mismo modo, al comparar los valores después de los tratamientos entre los grupos, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todas las comparaciones, excepto en las de los grupos 2 y 4. Las imágenes de SEM nos muestran cambios en la morfología en todos los grupos de estudio con la excepción del grupo 1 Conclusión. Cambios significativos como la disminución de la microdureza y los cambios en la topografía de la superficie del esmalte, como elevaciones, cráteres, porosidades y patrones de grabado, se encontraron después del uso de la combinación de auxiliares de la higiene oral con agentes blanqueadores.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of the combined auxiliaries of oral hygiene with whitening agents on the micro-hardness and micro-morphology of dental enamel. Materials and Methods. 40 human incisors were used and sectioned to obtain 4x4mm samples and divided into four study groups. Group 1: Electric brushing with Toothpaste (BTP); Group 2: Electric brushing with Toothpaste+mouthwash (BTP+MW); Group 3: Electric brushing with Toothpaste+whitening pen (BTP+WP); Group 4: Electric brushing with Toothpaste+mouth wash+whitening pen (BTP+MW+WP). Samples were submitted toVickers micro-hardness test and visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. All groups, with the exception of group 1, showed a decrease in micro- hardness values after applying the treatments (p<0.05). Likewise, when comparing the values after the treatments between the groups, significant statistical differences were found in all of comparisons except for those of groups 2 and 4. SEM images showed changes in the morphology in all the study groups with the exception of group 1. Conclusion. Significant changes such as decrease in micro-hardness as well as in the topography of the enamel surface such as elevations, craters, porosities and etching patterns were founded after the use of the combination of auxiliaries of oral hygiene with whitening agents.

This paper summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in the Peruvian Social Security health system (EsSalud). A working group was formed for producing this guideline, and this group included both clinical specialists and methodologists. Systematic searches in PubMed and CPG repositories were performed aiming to answer the 13 clinical questions that were asked. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) method was used aiming to determine the certainty of evidence. Eleven recommendations were issued: three were strong (do not request X-ray films as routine practice, give an individualized plan including educational and self-care measures, and prescribe physical activity; and eight were weak (weight-reducing interventions for persons with obesity or who are overweight, avoid the use of paracetamol for OA management, promote the use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for OA management, avoid the use of chondroitin sulfate for OA management, avoid the use of prolotherapy for OA management in affected adults, particularly in those with refractory pain not responding to drug therapy, consider the use of adjuvant therapy, such as ultrasound and the like, avoid the use of laser therapies as adjuvant for OA management, and avoid the use of acupuncture for OA management); also, 20 items for good clinical practice and a workflow sheet were issued.

Este artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el diagnóstico y manejo de pacientes con osteoartritis (OA) del Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Para su desarrollo se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó a especialistas clínicos y metodólogos. Para responder las 13 preguntas clínicas planteadas se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas en PubMed y repositorios de GPC. Se usó la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) para evaluar la certeza de la evidencia. Se emitieron 11 recomendaciones: tres fuertes (no solicitar de forma rutinaria radiografías para el diagnóstico de OA, brindar un plan individualizado de medidas de educación y autocuidado, indicar la realización de ejercicio físico) y ocho débiles (intervenciones para reducir el peso en personas con obesidad o sobrepeso, evitar el uso de paracetamol para el manejo de OA, promover el uso de AINE orales para el manejo de OA, evitar el uso de condroitín sulfato para el manejo de OA, evitar el uso de proloterapia para el manejo de OA, en adultos con OA y dolor refractario a manejo farmacológico considerar terapias adyuvantes como ultrasonido o similares, evitar el uso de terapia laser como adyuvante para el manejo de OA, evitar el uso de acupuntura para el manejo de OA); además, 20 puntos de buena práctica clínica y un flujograma de trabajo.

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta parte dos resultados obtidos em uma pesquisa de mestrado sobre a preservação do patrimônio documental arquivístico da Federação Espírita do Grande do Sul (FERGS), desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional em Patrimônio Cultural da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (PPGPPC/UFSM). O objetivo geral da pesquisa é analisar a aplicação de estratégias de preservação para fins de elaboração de um Plano de Preservação do Patrimônio Documental Arquivístico da FERGS. Para subsidiar a referida pesquisa, optou-se pela realização de um levantamento de dados que identificasse políticas arquivísticas sobre preservação digital e como ela se efetivaria nas instituições, para que fosse possível analisar o universo da referida instituição, a FERGS. O resultado desse levantamento de dados, realizado em cinquenta e cinco instituições públicas brasileiras, mostrou que boa parte delas, ou seja, cerca de noventa e um por cento, não possui uma política arquivística de preservação digital e nenhuma delas possui um Plano de Preservação Digital que efetivasse essa política. Isso mostra que as políticas públicas sobre preservação digital emanadas pelo Arquivo Nacional não estão sendo efetivamente implantadas dentro das instituições públicas federais, corroborando para o desenvolvimento de ações para a melhoria desse cenário.

Abstract This article presents part of the results obtained in a master's research on the preservation of the archival documentary heritage of the Southern Spiritist Federation (FERGS), which has developed in the Professional Postgraduate Program in Cultural Patrimony of the Federal University of Santa Maria (PPGPPC/ UFSM). The general objective of the research is to analyze the application of preservation strategies for the elaboration of a Plan of Preservation of the FERGS Archival Documentary Heritage. In order to subsidize this research, it was decided to carry out a data survey that identified archival policies on digital preservation and how it would be effective in the institutions, so that it would be possible to analyze the universe of said institution, FERGS. The result of this data collection, carried out in fifty-five Brazilian public institutions, showed that a good part of them, or about ninety-one percent, does not have an archival preservation digital policy and none of them has a Digital Preservation Plan To implement this policy. This shows that the public policies on digital preservation emanated by the National Archives are not being effectively implemented within the federal public institutions, corroborating the development of actions to improve this scenario.