Abstract: The Schinus weinmanniifolia (Molle'i) is a plants used in infusion of leaves to treat tonsillitis, sore throats, cough and inflammation of gum. We try to establish a relationship between the secondary metabolites present and their biological activities, the qualitative Phytochemical Screening of the crude extract, Total Phenolic compounds, Total Flavonoids as well as Antioxidant Activity, Hemolytic Activity and LD50 in Drosophila melanogaster was determined. The results revealed the presence of hydrolysable Tannins, saponins and sterols. In the bioassays, high Antioxidant Activity (IC = 39.9%), and an antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic crude extract were observed against strains of E. coli, S. typhimurium, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans. An LD50 of 15.3 mg.mL-1 was established in Drosophyla melanogaster and also a hemolytic activity of IC of 179 μg.mL-1 with an activity of 55.9%. These values represented a first contribution in order to determine scientifically their biological activity and correlate with the content of molecules.

Resumen: El Schinus weinmanniifolia (Molle’i) es una de las plantas empleadas en forma de infusión de las hojas para tratar amigdalitis, dolores de garganta, tos e inflamaciones de la encía. Para tratar de establecer una relación entre los metabolitos secundarios presentes y sus actividades biológicas se determinó el Perfil Fitoquímico Cualitativo del extracto crudo, Compuestos fenólicos totales, Flavonoides Totales así como Actividad Antioxidante, Actividad Hemolítica y DL50 en Drosophila melanogaster. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de Taninos hidrolizables, saponinas y esteroles. En los bioensayos se observó elevada Actividad de Antioxidantes (IC=39,9%) y una actividad antimicrobiana del extracto bruto etanólico frente a cepas de E. coli, S. typhimurium, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans. Se estableció una DL50 de 15,3 mg.mL en Drosophyla melanogaster y además una actividad hemolítica de IC50 de 179 µg.mL con una actividad del 55,9 %. Estos valores representaron un primer aporte a fin de determinar científicamente su actividad biológica y correlacionar con el contenido de moléculas.

ABSTRACT The goalkeeper (GK) has a major role in the offensive and defensive process of a soccer team. The aim of the study focused on the analysis of the offensive and defensive actions of the U-17 soccer GK, using observational methodology. U-17 GK (n=4) was analyzed in thirty Lisbon FA U-17 championship games. The observational sample consisted of 286 defensive actions and 790 offensive actions. We used the observational systems of the offensive and defensive technical-tactical GK' actions. The actions observed were codified using the LINCE version 1.3 computer program. Data processing was performed through descriptive analysis, of the U-Mann Whitney test to compare actions in home and away condition and graphical statistics. We verified in the defensive actions a higher number of occurrences in the intervention form come off from goal (n=140; 4.66±2.57), action as last defender (n=102; 3.4±2,34), technical execution form with two hands (n= 205; 6.83±3.32) and final zone of technical action 1 (n=155; 5.16±3,19). In the offensive actions we recorded more occurrences for ball arrives the GK through back pass (n=263; 8.76±3.89), start of the action in zone 1 (n=205; 13.30±4.72), technical action short goal kick (n=191; 6.36±3.99), tactical decision positional attack (n=498; 16.60±5.87), final action maintenance of ball possession (n=593; 19.76±5.81) and final zone of action 5 (n=131; 4.36±3.47). In the defensive process, the action of the GKs has enormous preponderance in the action as the last defense and goal defense. In the offensive process, technical actions with the feet are relevant in the positional attack construction participation. The GK' action is influenced by the condition of home game or visitor.

RESUMO O guarda-redes (GR) tem uma ação preponderante no processo ofensivo e defensivo de uma equipa de futebol. O objetivo do estudo centrou-se na análise das ações ofensivas e defensivas do GR sub-17 de futebol, recorrendo à metodologia observacional. Foram analisados GR Sub-17 (n=4) em 30 jogos do campeonato distrital da AF Lisboa. A amostra observacional foi de 286 ações defensivas e 790 ações ofensivas. Utilizámos os sistemas de observação das ações técnico-táticas ofensivas e defensivas dos GR. As ações observadas foram codificadas recorrendo ao software informático LINCE versão 1.3. O tratamento de dados foi realizado através da análise descritiva, do teste U-Mann Whitney para comparar as ações na condição de casa e fora e estatística gráfica. Verificámos nas ações defensivas maior número de ocorrências na forma de intervenção saída da baliza (n=140; 4.66±2.57), ação como último defesa (n=102; 3.4±2.34), forma de execução técnica com as duas mãos (n= 205; 6.83±3.32) e zona final da ação técnica 1 (n=155; 5.16±3.19). Nas ações ofensivas registámos mais ocorrências para forma de chegada da bola ao GR através de atraso (n=263; 8.76±3.89), início da ação na zona 1 (n=205; 13.30±4.72), ação técnica pontapé de baliza curto (n=191; 6.36±3.99), decisão tática ataque posicional (n=498; 16.60±5.87), final da ação manutenção da posse de bola (n=593; 19.76±5.81) e zona final da ação 5 (n=131; 4.36±3.47). No processo defensivo, a ação dos GR tem enorme preponderância como último defesa e defesa da baliza. No processo ofensivo as ações técnicas com os pés são relevantes na participação na construção do ataque posicional. A ação dos GR é influenciada pela condição de visitado ou visitante.

RESUMEN El portero (POR) tiene un papel importante en el proceso ofensivo y defensivo de un equipo de fútbol. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las acciones ofensivas y defensivas de los POR U-17 del fútbol, utilizando la metodología observacional. POR Sub-17 (n=4) fueron analizados en treinta partidos del campeonato del distrito de AF Lisboa. La muestra observacional consistió en 286 acciones defensivas y 790 acciones ofensivas. Utilizamos los sistemas de observación de las acciones técnico-tácticas ofensivas y defensivas de los porteros. Las acciones observadas fueron codificadas utilizando el programa informático LINCE versión 1.3. El procesamiento de datos se realizó a través de análisis descriptivos, de la prueba U-Mann Whitney para comparar las acciones en la condición de local y visitante y estadísticas gráficas. Verificamos en las acciones defensivas un mayor número de ocurrencias en forma de intervención fuera de gol (n=140; 4.66±2.57), acción como la última defensa (n=102; 3.4±2.34), forma de ejecución técnica con ambas manos (n= 205; 6.83±3.32) y zona final de la acción técnica 1 (n=155; 5.16±3.19). En las acciones ofensivas registramos más ocurrencias para la forma en que la pelota llegó al POR a través del pase atrás (n=263; 8.76±3.89), inicio de la acción en la zona 1(n=205; 13,30±4,72), patada de objetivo corto de acción técnica (n=191; 6.36±3.99), ataque posicional de decisión táctica (n=498; 16.60±5.87), fin de la acción de mantenimiento de la posesión (n=593; 19.76±5.81) y zona final de la acción 5 (n=131; 4.36±3.47). En el proceso defensivo, la acción del POR tiene una enorme preponderancia como la última defensa y defensa de la portería. En el proceso ofensivo, las acciones técnicas con los pies son relevantes en la participación en la construcción del ataque posicional. La acción de los POR es influenciada por la condición de visitado o visitante.

Abstract We prove that if (U, ω) is a finite dimensional generalized alternative b-algebra II over a field F of characteristic different from 2 and 3, then rad(U) = R(U) ⋂ (bar(U)) 3 .

Resumen La endosonografía nació hace más de 30 años como parte de las modalidades diagnósticas de patologías benignas y malignas del tracto gastrointestinal. En los últimos años se ha demostrado la eficacia y seguridad superior de la biopsia con aguja fina de las glándulas suprarrenales por vía transgástrica (izquierda) o tranduodenal (derecha) guiadas por endosonografía, en comparación con los abordajes percutáneos guiados por tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) o ecografía. Uno de los diagnósticos diferenciales de insuficiencia suprarrenal con evidencia de masas en glándulas suprarrenales es la paracoccidioidomicosis, a pesar de ser una entidad de presentación exclusiva de las áreas geográficas de Latinoamérica, donde se encuentra su agente etiológico. Se presenta un caso de paciente con paracoccidioidomicosis con insuficiencia suprarrenal y engrosamiento adrenal bilateral, cuyo diagnóstico se logró mediante biopsia transgástrica de glándula suprarrenal izquierda guiada por endosonografía.

Abstract Endosonography, born more than 30 years ago, is one diagnostic modality for benign and malignant pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, transgastric (left) or transduodenal (right) fine needle biopsies of the adrenal glands guided by endosonography has been demonstrated to be safer and more efficacious than percutaneous approaches guided by CT or ultrasound. Differential diagnoses of adrenal insufficiency with evidence of masses in adrenal glands must consider paracoccidioidomycosis despite the fact that it is exclusively present in Latin America where its etiological agent is found. We present a case of paracoccidioidomycosis with adrenal insufficiency and bilateral adrenal thickening whose diagnosis was achieved by transgastric biopsy of the left adrenal gland guided by endosonography.

La endosonografía anorrectal permite diagnosticar múltiples patologías del canal anal y del recto. En Colombia se realiza en pocos sitios y es escaso el personal entrenado para ello. Un grupo de docentes de gastroenterología clínica quirúrgica de la Universidad de Caldas recibió entrenamiento en endosonografía anorrectal en Chile y España, después de lo cual inició su trayectoria, ya de 4 años. Con los datos del último año se realizó un estudio descriptivo en una cohorte prospectiva, tomando la información de los pacientes a quienes se les realizó endosonografía anorrectal entre octubre de 2014 y septiembre de 2015. Se obtuvieron datos de 136 pacientes, predominando el género femenino (72,05%); el 20,6% de los pacientes procedían de departamentos diferentes a Caldas. La principal indicación fue incontinencia fecal en 44 pacientes (32,35%), siendo 86% mujeres; otras indicaciones fueron neoplasia maligna rectal (23,5%), fístula perianal (12,5%), proctalgia (11,03%), endometriosis (7,35%) y absceso perianal (6,62%). El diagnóstico final más frecuente fue defecto de los esfínteres en 40 pacientes (29,41%), seguido por neoplasia maligna rectal (13,24%), fístula perianal (11,76%), absceso perianal (8,82%) y neoplasia benigna rectal (6,62%). Los resultados están en congruencia con la literatura mundial, donde la principal indicación es la incontinencia fecal en relación con el diagnóstico final, que es defectos de los esfínteres por alteraciones obstétricas. La endosonografía anorrectal es de gran importancia como método diagnóstico único o de apoyo para otros, con centros de referencia como el nuestro, donde se realiza en un volumen importante y siguiendo las pautas internacionales recomendadas.

Anorectal endosonography can diagnose many diseases of the anal canal and rectum. In Colombia, the procedure is performed in only a few medical centers because of the scarcity of trained personnel. Four years ago, a group of teachers from the gastroenterological surgery clinical at the University of Caldas received training in endoluminal ultrasonography in Chile and Spain and have been practicing these procedures ever since. This is a descriptive study of a prospective cohort using data from patients who underwent endoluminal ultrasonography between October 2014 and September 2015. Data were obtained from 136 patients, of whom 72.05% were women. 20.6% of the patients came from departments other than Caldas. Fecal incontinence was the reason for the procedure for 44 patients (32.35%, 86% of whom were women). Other indications were rectal malignancies (23.5%), perianal fistulas (12.5%), anal pain (11.03%), endometriosis (7.35%), and perianal abscesses (6.62%). The most common final diagnoses were defective sphincters in 40 patients (29.41%), rectal malignancy in 13.24% of the patients, perianal fistulas in 11.76% of the patients, perianal abscesses in 8.82% of the patients, and benign rectal neoplasms in 6.62% of the patients . The results are consistent with those found in the international literature where the most common final diagnoses reported for the reason for fecal incontinence are sphincter defects and obstetric disorders. Anorectal endosonography is of great importance when used alone or to support other diagnostic tools. It is recommended that this procedure be done in a referral center such as ours which performs a large volume of these procedures and which follows international guidelines

Retention curves describe water dynamics in the soil and represent the relationship between the energy of water retention and moisture content. Several empirical models of water retention curve settings in the soil are analyzed (Van Genuchten-VG, Brooks & Corey BC, Bruce & Luxmore-BL and Driessen-D). Deformed soil samples were collected at 10 sites per plot; a compound sample was established with 36 plots between October and November 2007, at depths 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the Irrigation District of Gorutuba in Janaúba MG, Brazil. Tensions used for tests were 10, 30, 100, 500 and 1500 kPa. Soil Water Retention Curve software was employed to obtain the parameters of the empirical equations. The performance of empirical models was obtained by the index suggested by Camargo & Sentelhas, coupled to estimate standard error, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The results showed that the VG model had the best performance compared to the other models tested for data on water retention in the soil. The BC model had the most unsatisfactory performance.

A curva de retenção é utilizada para descrever a dinâmica da água no solo, representando a relação entre a energia de retenção de água e o teor de umidade. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar vários modelos empíricos de ajuste das curvas de retenção de água no solo (Van Genuchten-VG, Brooks & Corey-BC, Bruce & Luxmore-BL e Driessen-D). Para tal, foram coletadas amostras deformadas de solo em 10 pontos por lote, compondo uma amostra composta, em 36 lotes de outubro a novembro de 2007, nas profundidades de 0 a 20 cm e 20 a 40 cm, no Distrito de Irrigação do Perímetro Gorutuba, em Janaúba-MG. As tensões utilizadas nos ensaios foram: 10, 30, 100, 500 e 1500 kPa. Para obtenção dos parâmetros empíricos das equações utilizou-se o software Soil Water Retention Curve. O desempenho dos modelos empíricos foi obtido por meio do índice proposto por Camargo & Sentelhas, erro padrão de estimativa, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo de VG apresentou o melhor desempenho em relação aos demais modelos testados para os dados de retenção de água no solo; e comparando os modelos estudados, o modelo BC apresentou desempenho não satisfatório.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of the periodontal pathogens that form the red complex (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with chronic periodontitis. The sample consisted of 29 patients with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of chronic periodontitis based on the criteria of the American Academy of Periodontology (3). Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from the four sites of greatest probing depth in each patient, totaling 116 samples. These samples were processed using conventional polymerase chain reaction, which achieved the following positive results: 46.6% for P. gingivalis, 41.4% for T. forsythia, 33.6% for T. denticola and 27.6% for A. actinomycetemcomitans. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were more prevalent (p < 0.05) in periodontal pockets ≥ 8 mm. The combinations T. forsythia + P. gingivalis (23.2%) and T. forsythia + P. gingivalis + T. denticola (20.0%) were more frequent in sites with a probing depth ≥ 8 mm. Associations with the simultaneous presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans + P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans + T. forsythia, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia and T. forsythia + T. denticola were statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the red complex pathogens are related to chronic periodontitis, presenting a higher occurrence in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, the simultaneous presence of these bacteria in deep sites suggests a symbiotic relationship between these virulent species, favoring, in this way, a further progression of periodontal disease.

Foi estudada a composição mineralógica dos óxidos de ferro das frações areia, silte e argila de cinco amostras coletadas de um perfil de um Nitossolo Vermelho desenvolvido de basalto toleítico, localizado próximo a Tupaciguara (18 º 35 ' 33 '' S; 48 º 42 ' 18 '' O), na região do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. Porções de areia e de silte foram submetidas à separação magnética e a ataques químicos seletivos com NaOH 5 mol L-1 e com uma mistura ditionito-citrato-bicarbonato, com o objetivo de identificar os principais óxidos de ferro magnéticos e suas associações mineralógicas. Maghemita (fórmula ideal, gFe2O3) foi o único mineral magnético identificado nas frações areia e silte; não foi encontrada evidência de ocorrência de magnetita nessas frações. Os resultados Mössbauer apenas sugerem a co-existência de mais de um tipo cristaloquímico de maghemita, na fração areia, embora não sejam claramente separáveis dos espectros Mössbauer obtidos sem campo magnético aplicado. A fase magnética mais rica em Al tem fórmula média, deduzida de resultados de microssondagem eletrônica, Fe2,36(2)3+ Al0,24(2)3+ Ti0,06(3)4+ Ä0,341(1) O4 (Ä = vacância catiônica). A ilmenita férrica detectada de dados Mössbauer na porção magnética da fração silte corresponde a uma solução sólida xFe2+Ti4+O3(1-x)Fe2(3+)O3, com x » 0,83. São discutidas algumas dificuldades e alternativas de interpretação dos resultados Mössbauer, como os do presente caso, em que ocorrem contribuições espectrais simultâneas de hematita e maghemita.

The iron oxide mineralogy of sand, silt and clay fractions was studied in five soil materials. Samples were collected from a pedon of a Red Nitossolo (Brazilian Soil Classification; related to an Alfisol in US Soil Taxonomy) developing on a tholeiitic basalt, near the town Tupaciguara (18 º 35 ' 33 '' S; 48 º 42 ' 18 '' W) in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Portions of sand and silt were analyzed by magnetic separation and selective chemical treatments with NaOH 5 mol L-1, and with a dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate mixture to identify the main iron oxides and their mineralogical associations. Powder X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy analyses of these granulometric fractions revealed that maghemite (ideal formula, gFe2O3) was the only detectable magnetic mineral; no evidence for the existence of magnetite was found in the coarse fractions of this soil. Based on the Mössbauer data, the possibility of co-existence of more than one crystallochemical maghemite type in the sand fraction may be presumed, but no further analysis with applied magnetic field was performed to confirm this hypothesis. From the electronic microprobe, the magnetic phase with highest Al content presented a chemical composition that corresponds to the averaged formula Fe2,36(2)3+ Al0,24(2)3+ Ti0,06(3)4+ Ä0,341(1) O4 (Ä = cation vacancy). The ferric ilmenite found by the Mössbauer data in the magnetic part of the silt fraction is a solid solution (xFe2+Ti4+O3(1-x)Fe2(3+)O3; x » 0,83). Some difficulties of interpretation and alternatives to results of the Mössbauer analysis are discussed for cases, as the present, where soil samples contain mineral mixtures of hematite and maghemite.

This work presents a study of structural and magnetic properties of the Ba2Cu3O4Cl2 (Ba2342) compound. Doped samples with K or Sr in the Ba site and Zn or Mg in the Cu site of the Ba2342 were prepared using a solid state diffusion method. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and dc-magnetization. Samples with Ba2342 composition presented tetragonal structure of the I4/mmm space group when heat-treated at 750ºC. A structural transition was observed when the samples were doped with Zn or Mg or heat-treated at 700ºC. dc-Magnetization measurements performed in SQUID showed the existence of diamagnetic signal. A difference of the magnetic moments measured at zero field cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) procedures was observed suggesting the existence of localized superconductivity in this oxychloride system.