ABSTRACT Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) is the main pest of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. during the grain storage period. This study aimed to report the occurrence of a natural enemy associated with C. maculatus in cowpea, in the semiarid region of the Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. For this, cowpea samples were collected and placed in closed plastic containers, where they remained until the emergence of adult insects. From the infested samples, adults of C. maculatus and of the Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae) parasitoid emerged. This is the first report of D. basalis parasitizing C. maculatus in the semiarid region of the Rio Grande do Norte state. Fab. Fab (Fab. Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchinae L. L (L. Walp period C state Brazil this containers insects Rondani (Rondani Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae Pteromalinae emerged D (Fab (L

RESUMO Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) é a principal praga de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. durante o período de armazenamento dos grãos. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de um inimigo natural associado a C. maculatus em feijão-caupi, na região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Para isso, amostras de feijão-caupi foram coletadas e colocadas em recipientes plásticos fechados, onde permaneceram até a emergência dos insetos adultos. Das amostras infestadas, emergiram adultos de C. maculatus e do parasitoide Dinarmus basalis (Rondani) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae). Este é o primeiro relato de D. basalis parasitando C. maculatus na região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte. Fab. Fab (Fab. Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Bruchinae L. L (L. Walp grãos Objetivouse Objetivou se C feijãocaupi, feijãocaupi feijão caupi, caupi Norte Brasil isso fechados infestadas Rondani (Rondani Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Pteromalidae Pteromalinae. Pteromalinae . Pteromalinae) D (Fab (L

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important pests that affect the fruit-growing worldwide. In the northeastern Brazil, where a semiarid climate predominates and the production of tropical fruits for export is concentrated, some fruit flies, including Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are considered pests due to economic damage and quarantine restrictions. In several parts of the world, fruit fly population regulation is carried out with the support of hymenopteran parasitoids. In Brazil, some information exists about larval parasitoids of fruit flies, but little is known about pupal parasitoids of these tephritids, especially in Brazilian semiarid environments. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to know the pupal parasitoids associated with C. capitata in a semiarid environment in Brazil. The parasitoid survey was carried out in a semiarid region in the states of Rio do Norte and Ceará. To obtain the parasitoids, pupae (sentinels) of C. capitata from the laboratory, Applied Entomology Laboratory of Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, were exposed to natural parasitism in the field. Six parasitoid (Hymenoptera) species were obtained: Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani), Spalangia simplex Perkins, Spalangia gemina Boucek, Spalangia leiopleura Gibson, and Spalangia impunctata Howard (Pteromalidae); Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Diapriidae). These are the first records of pupal parasitoids associated with the fruit fly C. capitata in Brazil.

ABSTRACT The gregarious endoparasitoid Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a natural enemy of fruit flies. This parasitoid was previously used to successfully control Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii, USA. Despite its importance in the control of fruit fly pests, little is known about the development or characteristics of its preimaginal stages. The aim of this study was to observe the development and morphologically characterize the immature stages of Tetrastichus giffardianus. Tetrastichus giffardianus individuals were reared on C. capitata larvae/pupae under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, relative humidity of 60 ± 10%, and 12-h photophase. Third-instar C. capitata larvae were exposed to parasitism for 24 h. After parasitism, the pupae were dissected every 24 h to evaluate the stage of development attained by T. giffardianus, and to record their morphological characteristics. A stereomicroscope was used to observe all the immature stages of T. giffardianus. The complete development of T. giffardianus under these conditions was completed within 14 days as follows: egg (duration ≅ 1 day); first (≅ 1 day), second (≅ 1 day), and third (≅ 2 days) larval instars; pre-pupa (≅ 2 days); and pupa (≅ 7 days). The immature stages of T. giffardianus differed sufficiently in their shape, color, and size to allow morphological characterization.

Resumo As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) são importantes pragas de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) em várias partes do mundo. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as espécies de moscas-das-frutas associadas a pomares comerciais de mangueira em uma região semiárida do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil; relatar as espécies de importância quarentenária; discutir a influência do semiárido na distribuição das espécies; e verificar seus índices faunísticos. O estudo foi realizado no período de julho de 2011 a junho de 2014, em dez pomares comerciais de mangueira da cultivar Tommy Atkins, localizados no semiárido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, região Nordeste do Brasil. As moscas-das-frutas foram capturadas com auxílio de armadilhas McPhail plásticaS, tendo como atrativo proteína hidrolisada de milho a 5% (Bio Anastrepha®). Coletas de frutos de manga também foram realizadas. Uma análise faunística foi realizada para caracterizar as comunidades. Oito espécies de moscas-das-frutas (Anastrepha spp. e C. capitata) foram capturadas. A espécie C. capitata apresentou a maior distribuição geográfica e foi a única que infestou frutos de manga. A análise faunística mostrou que a maioria dos pomares apresenta baixa riqueza de espécies, e C. capitata foi a mais frequente e predominante nos pomares.

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important mango (Mangifera indica L.) pests in several parts of the world. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to know the species of fruit flies associated with commercial mango orchards in a semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil; report the species of quarantine importance; discuss the influence of the semiarid environment on the distribution of the species and verify their faunistic indices. The study was carried out between July 2011 and June 2014 in ten commercial orchards of mango cultivar Tommy Atkins in the semiarid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Fruit flies were captured in McPhail traps baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein (Bio Anastrepha®). Mangoes fruits were also collected. Faunistic analysis was performed to characterize the populations. Eight fruit fly species (Anastrepha spp. and C. capitata) were captured. The species C. capitata had the highest geographic distribution and was the only one to infest mangoes. The faunistic analysis showed that most of the orchards had low species richness and that C. capitata was the most frequent and predominant species.

RESUMO As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae), Anastrepha spp. e Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann), são importantes pragas da fruticultura no Brasil. Para desenvolver um sistema sustentável de manejo integrado para este grupo de pragas, é fundamental conhecer os parasitoides (Hymenoptera) que podem regular as populações destes tefritídeos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a diversidade, a distribuição geográfica e as relações tritróficas dos himenópteros parasitoides de moscas-das-frutas, na região do Baixo Jaguaribe, no semiárido do Estado do Ceará, Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas de frutos em sete municípios da região, no período de maio de 2010 amaio de 2013. Os frutos foram levados para o laboratório, onde foram contados, pesados, colocados em bandejas plásticas com vermiculita e fechadas com tecido voile. Após sete dias, a vermiculita foi peneirada para a obtenção dos pupários das moscas-das-frutas que, em seguida, foram contados e acondicionados em placas de Petri, onde permaneceram até a emergência dos adultos (moscas e/ou parasitoides). Quatro espécies de parasitoides foram encontradas: Doryctobracon areolatus(Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae(Viereck) (Braconidae) e Tetrastichus giffardianusSilvestri (Eulophidae),sendo o mais frequente e com maior distribuição geográfica na região, D. areolatus. Doryctobracon areolatusfoi mais comum em associação com espécies de Anastrepha - A. sororcula Zucchi, A. obliqua (Mcquart) e A. zenildae Zucchi, em frutos nativos e com C. capitata em frutos exóticos. Tetrastichus giffardianus foi obtido apenas em associação com C. capitata, em frutos nativos e exóticos. Estas informações podem servir de base para inserção de parasitoides em futuros programas de manejo integrado de moscas-das-frutas, nas condições do Semiárido brasileiro.

ABSTRACT Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Anastrepha spp. and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), are important pests of Brazilian fruit-growing. In order to develop a system of pests integrated management in any region, it is essential to know the parasitoids (hymenoptera) which can regulate the populations of these tefritids. Therefore the objectives of this study were to know the diversity, geographic distribution and tritrophic relations of the hymenoptera parasitoids of fruit flies, in Baixo Jaguaribe region, located in Ceará semiarid, Brazil. Thus, fruits were collected in seven counties of the region, from May 2010 to May 2013. The fruits were taken to the laboratory, where they were counted, weighted, put in plastic trays with vermiculite and closed with voile. After seven or ten days, the vermiculite was sieved to obtain the puparium of the fruit flies. The puparium were counted and put in Petri dish, where they stayed until the emergence of the adults (flies and/or parasitoids). Four species of parasitoids were obtained: Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Opius bellus Gahan, Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) (Braconidae) and (Eulophidae), Tetrastichus giffardianusSilvestri and the most frequently and with better geographical distribution in the region was D. areolatus. was Doryctobracon areolatus more common in association with species of Anastrepha - A. sororcula Zucchi, A. obliqua (Mcquart) and A. zenildaeZucchi, in native fruits and with C. capitata in exotic fruits. Tetrastichus giffardianus was obtained only in association with C. capitata in native and exotic fruits. This information can be used for inclusion of parasitoids in future integrated management programs of the fruit flies under the conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region.