The marine catfishes of the genus Genidens are endemic of the south Atlantic coasts of South America. The clade is composed by four extant species, distributed from the southern coast of Brazil to northern Patagonia, though some species can occasionally be registered in southern Patagonia. The presence of the species Genidens planifrons in Argentinean shores is confirmed on the basis of new records. The taxonomical identification of this species is sustained by a series of reliable morphological and osteological characters. The presence of this species in Argentinean territory considerably extends its southern distribution.

Los bagres marinos del género Genidens son formas endémicas de la costa Atlántica sur de América del Sur. El clado se compone por cuatro especies vivientes distribuidas desde la costa sur de Brasil hasta la Patagonia septentrional, aunque ocasionalmente alguna especie puede ser registrada en la Patagonia austral. Sobre la base de novedosos registros se confirma la presencia en las costas argentinas de la especie de Genidens planifrons. La identificación taxonómica de esta especie es sustentada por una serie de caracteres morfológicos y osteológicos de confiable valor taxonómico. La presencia de esta especie en el territorio argentino amplia considerablemente la distribución austral conocida para esta especie.

The present study addresses the correlation between diet and morphology of 19 fish species that inhabit the Manantiales stream at the headwaters of the samborombón river, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The species were classified into four trophic groups: carnivores, omnivores, insectivores and detritivores-alguivores. Twelve ecomorfologic attributes related to habitat use and feeding patterns were analyzed to distinguish ecomorphologic groups of species with the food consumed. Univariate and multivariate analysis techniques were used to determine groups of species using the ecomorfologic and diet attributes as descriptors. Carnivores were associated with well developed head, mouth, pectoral and caudal fins and usually presenting compressed bodies. Omnivores were a more heterogeneous group. Nektonic forms of this group were associated with a compressed body, lateral eyes and relatively small size of the pectoral fins and caudal fins; nektobentonic forms were associated with small mouth, fusiform body and long caudal peduncle; benthic forms were related to depressed body, dorsal eyes, ventral mouth and long digestive tract. The only nektonic species consuming insects on the surface is characterized by a strongly compressed body, lateral eyes, tail and big wide mouth facing up. The detritus-alguivores had a long digestive tract, mouth ventral or terminal and long caudal fin. The significant relationship between diet and ecomorphology allows to sustain that fish with similar diets converge towards common ecomorfologicic attributes.

Se estudio la correlación entre dieta y morfología de 19 especies de peces del arroyo Manantiales, cabecera del río samborombón, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las especies fueron clasificadas en cuatro grupos tróficos: carnívoros, omnívoros, insectívoros y detritívoros- alguívoros. Se analizaron 12 atributos ecomor-fológicos relacionados con el uso del hábitat y la alimentación con el fin de distinguir patrones ecomorfológicos de las especies y de las especies con el alimento consumido. Se utilizaron técnicas de análisis univariado y multivariado para determinar agrupamientos de especies utilizando los atributos ecomorfológicos y la dieta como descriptores. Los carnívoros se relacionaron con un buen desarrollo de cabeza, boca, aletas caudal y pectoral; y en general con cuerpos comprimidos. Los omnívoros constituyeron un grupo más heterogéneo. Las formas nectónicas de este grupo se relacionaron con un cuerpo comprimido, ojos laterales y tamaño relativamente pequeño de las aletas pectorales y aleta caudal; las formas nectobentónicas se relacionaron con boca pequeña, cuerpo fusiforme y pedúnculo caudal largo; y las formas bentónicas, con cuerpo deprimido, ojos de posición dorsal, boca ínfera y tubo digestivo largo. La única especie nectónica consumidora de insectos sobre la superficie se caracterizó por un cuerpo fuertemente comprimido, ojos laterales, aleta caudal grande y boca grande orientada hacia arriba. Los detritívoros-alguívoros presentaron un tubo digestivo largo, boca ínfera o terminal y aletas caudales largas. La relación significativa dieta-ecomorfología permite sostener que peces de dieta similar convergen hacia atributos ecomorfológicos comunes.

The reproductive period of Cheirodon interruptus was determined by analyzing 1658 individuals collected monthly in the stream El Portugués, Argentina, from May 2004 to April 2005. Two prolonged spawning seasons, one in spring and another in autumn, were observed based on the maturity stages and gonadosomatic índex (GSI) of female specimens. The mean monthly GSI of males was significantly correlated with depth. In females, the GSI exhibited a significant correlation with photoperiod and depth. The remaining environmental variables, including temperature, pH, conductivity, and monthly rainfall, did not show a correlation with the mean monthly GSI. The first sexual maturity in females and males was reached within the 24-26 mm standard length class. The mean absolute fecundity was 448 oocytes (SD = 217.8), and the mean relative fecundity was 0.33 (SD = 0.097) oocytes per milligram of body weight; this species is a múltiple spawner. The oocyte diameter ranged from 0.05 to 0.70 mm, with a mean of 0.48 mm (SD = 0.16).

Se determinó el período reproductivo de Cheirodon interruptus mediante el análisis de 1.658 especímenes capturados mensualmente en el arroyo El Portugués, Argentina, desde mayo 2004 hasta abril 2005. En base a los estadios de madurez y del índice gonodosomático (IGS) de las hembras se determinaron dos etapas de desove, una en primavera y otra en otoño. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre el IGS medio mensual de los machos con la profundidad. El IGS de las hembras presentó una correlación significativa con el fotoperíodo y la profundidad. El resto de las variables ambientales, incluyendo temperatura, pH, conductividad y precipitación mensual, no mostró una correlación con la media mensual del IGS. La primera madurez sexual en hembras y machos se observó en la clase 24-26 mm de longitud estándar. La fecundidad absoluta media fue de 448 ovocitos (DE = 217,8) y la fecundidad relativa media fue de 0,33 (DE = 0,097) ovocitos por miligramo de peso corporal, siendo un desovante del tipo parcelado. El diámetro de los ovocitos varió entre 0,05 y 0,70 mm, con una media de 0,48 mm (DE = 0,16).

Na clínica odontológica geral, o tratamento mais comum é a substituição de restaurações com cárie secundária ou defeitos marginais. Tratamentos alternativos às substituições de restaurações defeituosas, como selamento marginal, recuperação, e reparo, têm proporcionado melhorias das propriedades clínicas, com um mínimo de intervenção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo médio de sobrevida (median survival time - MST, na sigla em inglês) de selamento marginal, recuperação e reparo de restaurações de amálgama e compósitos resinosos com defeitos localizados, como tratamento para aumentar a longevidade das restaurações. Este foi um estudo longitudinal envolvendo 66 pacientes com 271 restaurações classe I e II, clinicamente diagnosticadas e com defeitos localizados. Cada restauração foi incluída num dos seguintes grupos: Selamento Marginal (n=48), Recuperação (n=73), Reparo (n=27), Substituição (n=42) e Sem tratamento (n=81). Dois examinadores calibrados avaliaram as restaurações no início e anualmente durante 4 anos, usando os critérios de Ryge modificados: adaptação marginal, forma anatômica, rugosidade, cárie secundária e brilho. Cinqüenta e dois pacientes com 208 restaurações foram avaliados após 4 anos; a distribuição das restaurações nos grupos foi a seguinte: Selamento Marginal (n=36), Recuperação (n=63), Reparo (n=21), Substituição (n=28) e Sem tratamento (n=60). O teste de Kaplan Meier mostrou que o grupo do Selamento Marginal apresentou o menor valor de MST, enquanto que o grupo do Reparo mostrou o maior valor, para as restaurações avaliadas após o acompanhamento de 4 anos. As restaurações de amálgama e compósitos tratadas com selamento de fissuras marginais, recuperação da forma anatômica, brilho ou rugosidade e reparo de cárie secundária, tiveram aumento de longevidade.

The most common treatment in general dental practice is the replacement of restorations affected by secondary caries or marginal deficiencies. Alternative treatments to replacement of defective restorations, such as marginal sealing, refurbishment and repair, have demonstrated improvement of their clinical properties with minimal intervention. The aim of this clinical study was to estimate the median survival time (MST) of marginal sealing, repair and refurbishment of amalgam and resin-based composite restorations with localized defects as a treatment to increase the restoration longevity. A cohort of 66 patients, with 271 class I and II restorations clinically diagnosed with localized defects was longitudinally assessed. Each restoration was assigned to one of the following 5 groups: Marginal Sealing (n=48), Refurbishment (n=73), Repair (n=27), Replacement (n=42), and Untreated (n=81). Two calibrated examiners assessed the restorations at baseline and annually during 4 years, using the modified Ryge criteria: marginal adaptation, anatomic form, roughness, secondary caries and luster. Fifty-two patients with 208 restorations were assessed after 4 years; the distribution of restorations in the groups was as follows: Marginal Sealing (n=36), Refurbishment (n=63), Repair (n=21), Replacement (n=28) and Untreated (n=60). Kaplan Meier test indicated that the Sealed margins group showed the lowest MST while the Repair group showed the highest MST for restorations examined after 4 years of follow up. Defective amalgam and resin-based composite restorations treated by sealing of marginal gaps, refurbishment of anatomic form, luster or roughness, and repair of secondary caries lesions, had their longevity increased.

This study analyzed the following aspects of the Bryconamericus iheringii population structure: abundance patterns, condition factor, male-female sex ratio, relation between weight and length, and reproductive period. Samples were made monthly from May 2004 to April 2005 using small trawling nets, in the Manantiales and El Portugués streams. The highest values of biomass for the Manantiales stream corresponded to May, July and March, the highest values of biomass for El Portugués stream were for May, September and March. In the Manantiales stream, both for males and females, the set of individuals < 25 mm Lst dominated during the spring. Individuals included among the 26-40 mm Lst predominated in the warmer months, while those between 41-60 mm Lst abounded at the end of the summer, autumn and winter. In the Portuguese stream, individuals males < 25 mm Lst, were present in the summer, the rest of the year was dominated by sizes between 26-40 mm Lst during the warmer months. Sizes between 41-60 mm Lst dominated in colder months. The relationship between the sexes differed significantly from the 1:1 reason with predominance of females in almost every month. Higher values of K factor were recorded at the end of the spring and summer for both streams. This species has a slightly allometric growth and differences between males and females in this factor may be due to the greater size of females. The largest number of females in maturation and mature was observed in the months of August, September and November in both streams and during the post-spawning period in February-May in the Manantiales stream and in March-May in the Portuguese stream. This would indicate that the spawning period would be between the months of August and November.

En este estudio se analizó los siguientes aspectos de la estructura poblacional de Bryconamericus iheringii: abundancia, factor de condición, relación machos-hembras, relación largo/peso y período reproductivo. Las muestras fueron tomadas en los arroyos Manantiales y El Portugués entre los meses los meses de mayo de 2004 y abril de 2005 con redes de arrastre. Los mayores valores de biomasa correspondieron a los meses de mayo, julio y marzo para el arroyo Manantiales, mientras que para El Portugués correspondieron a los meses de mayo, septiembre y marzo. En el arroyo Manantiales, tanto para machos como para hembras, el grupo de individuos < 25 mm de Lst dominaron en primavera, los comprendidos entre los 26-40 mm de Lst predominaron en los meses más cálidos, mientras que los comprendidos entre 41-60 mm de Lst abundan a finales del verano, otoño e invierno. En el arroyo el Portugués, individuos machos < 25 mm de Lst, estuvieron presentes en el verano, en el resto del año dominaron las tallas comprendidas entre 26-40 mm de Lst en los meses más cálidos y las tallas entre 41-60 mm de Lst lo hiceron en los meses más fríos. La relación entre sexos difirió significativamente de la razón 1:1, con predominio de hembras en casi todos los meses. Los valores más altos del factor K correspondieron al final de la primavera y al verano para ambos arroyos. Esta especie presenta crecimiento levemente alométrico, las diferencias en este factor entre machos y hembras se debería a la mayor talla de las hembras. El mayor número de hembras en maduración y maduras se observó en los meses de agosto, septiembre y noviembre en ambos arroyos y en post desove febrero-mayo en el arroyo Manantiales y marzo-mayo para El Portugués, lo que indicaría que el periodo de desove estaría comprendido entre los meses de agosto y noviembre.