Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of additives and storage time on the quality and aerobic deterioration of silages of pineapple crop waste. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with three treatments: pineapple waste silage without additives or with the addition of cornmeal or wheat bran (20% fresh matter) at three storage times (60, 90, and 120 days). After each storage time, losses and aerobic deterioration were quantified, chemical composition was analyzed, and digestibility assays were performed. The storage time of 120 days resulted in higher dry matter losses in all treatments. The additives incremented the dry matter contents of the pineapple-based silages, which went from 182.1 g kg−1 (control silage) to 298.7 and 297.6 g kg−1 (cornmeal and wheat bran, respectively). The control silage with the addition of cornmeal showed the highest dry matter digestibility (739.7 g kg−1) and lowest neutral detergent fiber content (251.9 g kg−1). The production of CO2 started to increase on the first day of air exposure in silages without additives, but only after six days in those with additives. Including cornmeal as an additive in the silage of pineapple crop waste improves its digestibility and reduces its deterioration speed. used 33 3 3× arrangement treatments 20% 20 (20 60, 60 (60 90 12 days. . days) quantified analyzed performed pineapplebased based 1821 182 1 182. kg1 kg kg− 2987 298 7 298. 2976 297 6 297. respectively. respectively respectively) 739.7 7397 739 (739. 251.9 2519 251 9 (251. kg−1. CO speed 2 (2 (6 18 29 739. 73 (739 251. 25 (251 ( (73 (25 (7

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de aditivos e tempos de armazenamento sobre a qualidade e a deterioração aeróbia de silagens de resíduos de cultura do abacaxi. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3×3, com três tratamentos: silagem de resíduos culturais de abacaxi sem aditivo ou aditivada com fubá de milho ou farelo de trigo (20% da matéria fresca), em três tempos de armazenamento (60, 90 e 120 dias). Após cada tempo de armazenamento, realizaram-se quantificações de perdas e deterioração aeróbia, análises da composição química e ensaios de digestibilidade. O tempo de armazenamento por 120 dias resultou em maiores perdas de matéria seca em todos os tratamentos. Os aditivos incrementaram os teores de matéria seca das silagens à base de abacaxi, que passaram de 182,1 g kg−1 (silagem controle) para 298,7 e 297,6 g kg−1 (fubá de milho e farelo de trigo, respectivamente). A silagem controle adicionada de fubá de milho apresentou maior digestibilidade da matéria seca (739,7 g kg−1) e menor teor de fibra em detergente neutro (251,9 g kg−1). A produção de CO2 aumentou a partir do primeiro dia de exposição ao ar nas silagens não aditivadas, mas apenas a partir do sexto dia nas aditivadas. A inclusão do fubá de milho como aditivo na silagem de resíduos de abacaxi melhora sua digestibilidade e reduz sua velocidade de deterioração. Utilizouse Utilizou se casualizado 33 3 3×3 tratamentos 20% 20 (20 fresca, fresca , fresca) 60, 60 (60 9 12 dias. . dias) realizaramse realizaram 1821 182 1 182, kg1 kg kg− 2987 298 7 298, 2976 297 6 297, respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) 739,7 7397 739 (739, 251,9 2519 251 (251, kg−1. CO aditivadas 3× 2 (2 (6 18 29 739, 73 (739 251, 25 (251 ( (73 (25 (7

Resumo A radioterapia tem papel fundamental no tratamento curativo ou paliativo de neoplasias da parede torácica ou intratorácicas. No entanto, mesmo com o avanço das técnicas, órgãos e tecidos vizinhos podem ser acometidos e apresentar alterações que devem ser reconhecidas pelos radiologistas, de maneira a evitar confusão com recidiva das lesões inicialmente tratadas, ou mesmo com outras complicações do tratamento oncológico. O objetivo deste ensaio iconográfico é ilustrar as diferentes consequências torácicas da radioterapia.

Abstract Radiotherapy plays a central role in the palliative and curative treatment of neoplasms of the chest wall or intrathoracic structures. However, despite technical advances, radiotherapy can alter previously normal organs and tissues, those alterations presenting as various types of imaging findings. Post-radiation alterations must be promptly recognized by radiologists, in order to avoid confusion between complications of radiotherapy and the recurrence of a tumor. This pictorial essay aims to illustrate different thoracic changes after radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between the two tomographic classifications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CORADS) and Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest Computed Tomography (CT) Findings Related to COVID-19 (RSNA), in the Brazilian population and to assess the agreement between reviewers with different experience levels. METHODS: Chest CT images of patients with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-positive COVID-19 were categorized according to the CORADS and RSNA classifications by radiologists with different levels of experience and who were initially unaware of the RT-PCR results. The inter- and intra-observer concordances for each of the classifications were calculated, as were the concordances between classifications. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were included in this study. The RSNA classification showed an almost perfect inter-observer agreement between reviewers with similar experience levels, with a kappa coefficient of 0.892 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.788-0.995). CORADS showed substantial agreement among reviewers with similar experience levels, with a kappa coefficient of 0.642 (95% CI, 0.491-0.793). There was inter-observer variation when comparing less experienced reviewers with more experienced reviewers, with the highest kappa coefficient of 0.396 (95% CI, 0.255-0.588). There was a significant correlation between both classifications, with a Kendall coefficient of 0.899 (p<0.001) and substantial intra-observer agreement for both classifications. CONCLUSION: The RSNA and CORADS classifications showed excellent inter-observer agreement for reviewers with the same level of experience, although the agreement between less experience reviewers and the reviewer with the most experience was only reasonable. Combined analysis of both classifications with the first RT-PCR results did not reveal any false-negative results for detecting COVID-19 in patients.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de um complexo vitamínico e mineral, aplicado junto com a administração de um anti-helmíntico eficiente, em cordeiros parasitados, com sinais característicos de infecção por nematóide gastrointestinal, sobre os parâmetros clínicos hematológicos de melhora clínica e ganho de peso. Foram utilizados 60 cordeiros da raça Merino Australiano, com 8 e 9 meses de idade, segregados em quatro grupos: controle (não suplementado); fórmula 1 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico, Cianocobalamina e Vitamina k); fórmula 2 (Ferro Dextrano, Fósforo Orgânico e Cianocobalamina); e fórmula 3 (Vitamina k). Foram analisados hematócrito, tempo de protrombina, proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), coloração da conjuntiva e ganho de peso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) através do teste de medidas repetidas. Não houve diferença estatísticas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de hematócrito (P=0,564), tempo de protrombina (P=0,911) e PPT (P=0,6), para a variável de coloração da conjuntiva houve diferença (P=0,052), com resultados superiores para os grupos suplementados com Vitamina K, Butafosfan, Cianocobalamina e Ferro (grupos F1 e F3), assim como esses mesmos grupos atingiram peso vivo no D35 superior (P=0,023). Podendo concluir que a administração de complexo vitamínico e mineral, administrado em conjunto com anti-helmíntico eficiente, promoveu um melhor desempenho em cordeiros parasitados.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a vitamin and mineral complex, associated with the application of an efficient anthelmintic, in parasitized lambs, with characteristic signs of gastrointestinal nematode infection, on hematological clinical parameters of clinical improvementand weight gain. 60 lambs Australian Merino breed, with 8 and 9 months of age, were segregated in four groups: control (no supplemetation); formula 1 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus, Cyanocobalamin and Vitamin k); formula 2 (Iron Dextran, Organic Phosphorus and Cyanocobalamin); and formula 3 (Vitamin k). Hematocrit, prothrombin time, total plasma proteins, color of the conjunctiva and weight gain were analyzed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) through the repeated measures test. There was no statistical difference between treatments for the variables of hematocrit (P = 0.564), prothrombin time (P = 0.911) and plasma proteins (P = 0.6), for the conjunctiva color variable there was a difference (P = 0.052 ), with greater results for the groups supplemented with Vitamin K, Butafosfan, Cyanocobalamin and Iron (groups F1 and F3), as well as those same groups reached higher body weight at D35 (P = 0.023). It can be concluded that the administration of vitamin and mineral complex, associated with efficient anthelmintic, promoted a better performance in parasitized lambs.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o papel da tomografia computadorizada de tórax em pacientes com COVID-19 que apresentaram reação em cadeia da polimerase via transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR) inicial falsamente negativa. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de centro único que avaliou 39 pacientes com RT-PCR negativa para COVID-19, submetidos à tomografia computadorizada de tórax e que tiveram diagnóstico final clínico ou serológico de COVID-19. A classificação tomográfica visual foi avaliada de acordo com o Consenso da Radiological Society of North America e o software desenvolvido com inteligência artificial para detecção automática de achados e estimativa de probabilidade de COVID-19. Resultados Na análise tomográfica visual, somente um deles (3%) apresentou tomografia computadorizada classificada como tendo resultado negativo, 69% foram classificados como típicos e 28% como indeterminados. Na avaliação com uso de software, somente quatro (cerca de 10%) tiveram probabilidade de COVID-19 <25%. Conclusão A tomografia computadorizada pode desempenhar papel importante no manejo de casos suspeitos de COVID-19 com RT-PCR inicialmente negativa, principalmente levando-se em consideração os pacientes que estão fora da janela ideal para coleta de amostra para RT-PCR.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the role of chest computed tomography in patients with COVID-19 who presented initial negative result in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods A single-center, retrospective study that evaluated 39 patients with negative RT-PCR for COVID-19, who underwent chest computed tomography and had a final clinical or serological diagnosis of COVID-19. The visual tomographic classification was evaluated according to the Consensus of the Radiological Society of North America and software developed with artificial intelligence for automatic detection of findings and chance estimation of COVID-19. Results In the visual tomographic analysis, only one of them (3%) presented computed tomography classified as negative, 69% were classified as typical and 28% as indeterminate. In the evaluation using the software, only four (about 10%) had a probability of COVID-19 <25%. Conclusion Computed tomography can play an important role in management of suspected cases of COVID-19 with initial negative results in RT-PCR, especially considering those patients outside the ideal window for sample collection for RT-PCR.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between lung lesion burden (LLB) found on chest computed tomography (CT) and 30-day mortality in hospitalized patients with high clinical suspicion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), accounting for tomographic dynamic changes. METHODS: Patients hospitalized with high clinical suspicion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in a dedicated and reference hospital for COVID-19, having undergone at least one RT-PCR test, regardless of the result, and with one CT compatible with COVID-19, were retrospectively studied. Clinical and laboratory data upon admission were assessed, and LLB found on CT was semi-quantitatively evaluated through visual analysis. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality after admission. Secondary outcomes, including the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation used, and length of stay (LOS), were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 457 patients with a mean age of 57±15 years were included. Among these, 58% presented with positive RT-PCR result for COVID-19. The median time from symptom onset to RT-PCR was 8 days [interquartile range 6-11 days]. An initial LLB of ≥50% using CT was found in 201 patients (44%), which was associated with an increased crude at 30-day mortality (31% vs. 15% in patients with LLB of <50%, p<0.001). An LLB of ≥50% was also associated with an increase in the ICU admission, the need for mechanical ventilation, and a prolonged LOS after adjusting for baseline covariates and accounting for the CT findings as a time-varying covariate; hence, patients with an LLB of ≥50% remained at a higher risk at 30-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.47-3.18, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Even after accounting for dynamic CT changes in patients with both clinical and imaging findings consistent with COVID-19, an LLB of ≥50% might be associated with a higher risk of mortality.

Resumo As variantes anatômicas dos arcos costais são, geralmente, achados incidentais nos exames de imagem, em razão do seu comportamento assintomático ou quadro inespecífico, podendo constituir alterações isoladas ou relacionadas a anomalias e síndromes clínicas. Essas alterações são facilmente negligenciadas na radiografia convencional e na tomografia computadorizada se não forem investigadas ativamente, principalmente quando a maioria das indicações do estudo radiológico do tórax tem como objetivo a avaliação do parênquima pulmonar e das estruturas mediastinais. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar, por meio da tomografia computadorizada multidetectores, os aspectos de imagem das principais variantes anatômicas e anomalias congênitas dos arcos costais.

Abstract As they are asymptomatic or have a nonspecific, anatomical variations of the ribs are usually detected as incidental findings on imaging studies. They may be isolated changes or can be related to anomalies or clinical syndromes. Such variations are easily overlooked on conventional radiography and computed tomography if they are not actively investigated, mainly because most indications for a chest X-ray studies aim to evaluate the lung parenchyma and mediastinal structures. The objective of this pictorial essay was to use multislice computed tomography images to illustrate the imaging aspects of the main anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the ribs.

Resumo A doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) teve epicentro na China e rapidamente se espalhou pelos demais países asiáticos e, posteriormente, para os países ocidentais, sendo definida como pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. O diagnóstico da COVID-19 é primariamente dependente da pesquisa do vírus nas vias aéreas superiores, mas os kits para sua confirmação ainda são limitados, não apresentam sensibilidade elevada e os resultados são demorados. Nesse cenário, a tomografia computadorizada surge como método eficiente e disponível e com alta sensibilidade, cabendo a nós radiologistas reconhecer prontamente os achados relacionados a essa doença. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar os principais achados tomográficos de tórax em pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios infectados pela COVID-19, de modo a auxiliar os colegas nesse momento crítico.

Abstract China was the epicenter for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which quickly spread to other Asian countries and later to Western countries; subsequently, COVID-19 was categorized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Diagnosis primarily depends on viral detection in respiratory samples; however, available kits are limited, lack high sensitivity, and have a long turnaround time for providing results. In this scenario, computed tomography has emerged as an efficient and available high-sensitivity method, allowing radiologists to readily recognize findings related to COVID-19. The objective of this article is to demonstrate the main tomographic findings in symptomatic respiratory patients with COVID-19 to assist medical professionals during this critical moment.

ABSTRACT. The objectives were to evaluate the biodiversity of bees, forage behavior and their effect on fruit production in the gherkin crop (Cucumis anguria L.) in the campus of the University Center Moura Lacerda in two years. The frequency and type of collection of the insects in the flowers was observed by counting from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., in the first 10 minutes of each time, for three distinct days in each year. The percentage of fruiting was quantified in 25 female flowers covered with nylon compared to the 25 female flowers uncovered in the two years. The flowers were visited by the Africanized honey bees Apis mellifera and the native bees Plebeia sp., Exomalopsis sp. and Melissodes sp., and the Africanized honey bees presented higher frequency and constancy with a higher number of visits in the male flowers compared to the female ones and these visits occurred between 8:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Without the visitation of the bees there was no fruit production, and both the Africanized honey bee and the native ones when collecting nectar and pollen, visited both female and male flowers, carrying pollen in their body, being considered important pollinators of this culture.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan city and was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Although the virus is not restricted to the lung parenchyma, the use of chest imaging in COVID-19 can be especially useful for patients with moderate to severe symptoms or comorbidities. This article aimed to demonstrate the chest imaging findings of COVID-19 on different modalities: chest radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography. In addition, it intended to review recommendations on imaging assessment of COVID-19 and to discuss the use of a structured chest computed tomography report. Chest radiography, despite being a low-cost and easily available method, has low sensitivity for screening patients. It can be useful in monitoring hospitalized patients, especially for the evaluation of complications such as pneumothorax and pleural effusion. Chest computed tomography, despite being highly sensitive, has a low specificity, and hence cannot replace the reference diagnostic test (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). To facilitate the confection and reduce the variability of radiological reports, some standardizations with structured reports have been proposed. Among the available classifications, it is possible to divide the radiological findings into typical, indeterminate, atypical, and negative findings. The structured report can also contain an estimate of the extent of lung involvement (e.g., more or less than 50% of the lung parenchyma). Pulmonary ultrasonography can also be an auxiliary method, especially for monitoring hospitalized patients in intensive care units, where transfer to a tomography scanner is difficult.