High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are used for the construction of pipelines for oil and natural gas transportation. For such applications pipelines must exhibit mechanical resistance and resistance to corrosion and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC). API 5L X65 steels are the main materials used for this purpose. However, for economic reasons, the use of steels of superior grades would be of interest. This work presents a comparative study of the corrosion and HIC resistances of an API 5L X65 and an API 5L X80 steel in deaerated solution A of NACE TM0284 standard. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed in non-sour and sour (H2S-saturated) media, and HIC resistance tests were carried out in the sour medium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) characterizations of polished and corroded samples were also done. Electrochemical tests showed that the API 5L X80 steel is slightly more susceptible to surface corrosion, which can be probably linked to its higher inclusion content and smaller grain sizes, it was also susceptible to HIC. Mn and S-rich inclusions found in the crack path indicate that this microstructural feature may play a key role in crack propagation and HIC susceptibility

O efeito do tratamento térmico de solubilização sobre a resistência à corrosão por pite do aço inoxidável austenítico 17Cr-6Mn-5Ni-1,5Cu foi avaliado em solução de 0,6M NaCl. O aço UNS S30403 (304L) foi usado como referência. Foram realizados tratamentos térmicos de solubilização (TTS) a 1010°C, 1040°C, 1070°C e 1100°C. A caracterização microestrutural revelou a presença de ferrita δ, especialmente na condição tal como recebida (TCR), observou-se que os TTS diminuíram a quantidade de ferrita. Também foram observados precipitados ricos em Mn na condição TCR do aço 17Cr-6Mn-5Ni-1,5Cu, os quais foram dissolvidos pelos TTS, causando o enriquecimento localizado da austenita em Mn. Os testes potenciodinâmicos mostraram que o potencial de pite (Ep) do aço 304L não foi alterado significativamente após TTS. Por outro lado, o valor de Ep do aço 17Cr-6Mn-5Ni-1,5Cu diminuiu após os TTS. Esse efeito detrimental foi explicado pelo enriquecimento em Mn das áreas ao redor dos precipitados dissolvidos, o que promoveu a adsorção mais intensa de Cl- nessas regiões.

The effect of solution heat treatment on the pitting corrosion resistance of 17Cr-6Mn-5Ni-1.5Cu austenitic stainless steel in 0.6M NaCl aqueous solution was evaluated. UNS S30403 (304L) steel was used as benchmark material. Solution heat treatments (SHT) were conducted at 1010°C, 1040°C, 1070°C and 1100°C. The microstructural characterization revealed the presence of δ-ferrite, especially in the asreceived condition (AR). The SHT decreased the proportion of the ferrite phase. Mnrich precipitates were observed in the as-received condition of 17Cr-6Mn-5Ni-1.5Cu steel, but they were dissolved after the SHT, causing localized Mn enrichment in the austenite. Potentiodynamic tests showed that the pitting potential (Ep) in the 304L steel was not altered significantly after SHT. On the other hand, the value of Ep of the 17Cr-6Mn-5Ni-1.5Cu steel decreased after SHT. This detrimental effect was explained by the formation of Mn enrichment areas due to the solubilization of Mn-rich precipitates, which promoted preferential Cl- adsorption in these regions.

En este trabajo se evalúa el comportamiento de un acero inoxidable martensítico AISI 410 sometido a condiciones de desgaste de erosión-corrosión. Los ensayos de desgaste se realizaron en muestras templadas y revenidas, en un equipo de chorro de baja velocidad, en el que se acopló un potenciostato para obtener curvas de polarización potenciodinámica con el electrolito en reposo, en condiciones de flujo y en erosión-corrosión adicionando partículas de cuarzo al electrolito. Adicionalmente se realizaron mediciones de pérdida de masa en condiciones de erosión y erosión-corrosión. La topografía de las superficies se evaluó usando microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Esta información, conjuntamente con los resultados de pérdida de masa y de los ensayos electroquímicos, se usó para establecer los mecanismos de degradación del material en las diferentes condiciones de ensayo. De los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo se observó que el sinergismo es una parte muy significativa de la degradación de este acero (66.5%) y que el proceso fundamental de remoción de material puede clasificarse como corrosión acelerada por erosión.

In this work, the behavior of an AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel under corrosion-erosion conditions is evaluated. Quenched and tempered samples were used for the wear test, using a low velocity jet-like device connected to a potentiostat. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained with the electrolyte in static state, with flow conditions and under corrosion-erosion, adding quartz particles to the electrolyte. In addition, mass loss measurements under erosion and corrosion-erosion conditions were carried out. The topography of the surfaces was examined after the wear tests, using optical and scanning electron microscopy. This information, together with the results of mass losses and the electrochemical tests were used to establish the degradation mechanisms of the stainless steels under different testing conditions. The results showed that synergism is a significant part of the degradation process of this steel (66.5%) and that the mass removal process of steel was controlled by corrosion assisted by erosion.