RESUMO O desenvolvimento de programas de melhoramento genético requer o conhecimento dos níveis de diversidade presente nas populações, desse modo o objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar com base em descritores morfológicos a diversidade genética de variedades crioulas de feijão-fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.). A diversidade genética foi estimada a partir dos métodos multivariados que selecionaram variedades crioulas atendendo tanto os agricultores como o mercado consumidor. De acordo com as características morfológicas propostas pelo Biodiversity International, os genótipos UFPI-667 e UFPI-682 são os mais divergentes e apresentam alto potencial para serem utilizados em cruzamentos por serem geneticamente distantes e complementares. A análise de componentes principais detectou associações fenotípicas positivas e significativas entre as variáveis: comprimento da vagem, largura da vagem e produção de grãos. Ao usar métodos multivariados, as variedades crioulas UFPI-666, UFPI-650, UFPI-651, UFPI-687, UFPI-658, UFPI- 673, UFPI-667 e UFPI-674 são candidatos à seleção por apresentarem ciclos mais curtos e maiores produções de grãos, características importantes para o melhoramento do feijão-fava. Este estudo mostrou que as análises multivariadas podem ser usadas como uma ferramenta eficaz para encontrar características potenciais em feijão-fava e pode auxiliar os melhoristas de feijão-fava na seleção de variedades locais superiores. Os acessos UFPI- 667 e UFPI-682 podem ser indicados como genitores em programas de melhoramento genético, pois são distantes geneticamente e complementares em suas características.

ABSTRACT The knowledge of genetic diversity in plant population is essential to the success of plant breeding programs. Thus, previous characterization of landraces is one of the first steps before the indication of genotypes to these plant breeding programs. This study aimed to characterize, through morphological traits, and estimate the genetic diversity in landraces of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.). Genetic diversity was estimated by using multivariate methods that selected individual landraces to be indicated for farmers and consumers. According to morphological traits proposed by Biodiversity International, the genotypes UFPI-667 and UFPI- 682 showed higher dissimilarity and high potential to be used in crosses since they are genetically distant and complementary. The principal component analysis identified positive and significant phenotypic associations between variables: pod length, pod width, and grain production. According to the multivariate methods used, the landraces UFPI-666, UFPI-650, UFPI-651, UFPI-687, UFPI-658, UFPI-673, UFPI-667, and UFPI-674 are potential candidates for selection since they have relevant features for lima bean breeding, such as shorter cycles and higher grain production. This study showed that multivariate analysis can be used as an effective tool to find potential traits in lima bean and can assist the lima bean breeders in the selection of potential landraces. Accessions UFPI-667 and UFPI-682 can be indicated as genitors for breeding programs, as they are genetically distant and complementary in their characteristics.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e estimar a divergência genética entre doze espécimes do gênero Sansevieria da Coleção da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições, sendo a parcela constituída por quatro plantas. Para caracterização morfológica foram avaliados descritores foliares de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. A divergência genética entre os espécimes foi determinada pelos métodos de agrupamento de Tocher e o hierárquico UPGMA. Foi possível verificar que existe variação genética entre os indivíduos avaliados, em relação às cores, formatos e tamanhos das folhas. O método de agrupamento de Tocher e o método hierárquico UPGMA foram eficientes na diferenciação dos espécimes, a partir de descritores qualitativos multicategóricos, de modo que o método de Tocher reuniu os acessos em dois grupos e o UPGMA em sete grupos distintos. Destacamos os acessos SSV 09 e SSV 10 por apresentarem as maiores médias em crescimento foliar semanal e na altura da folha, características importantes para comercialização local e exportação.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize and estimate genetic divergence among twelve specimens of the Sansevieria genus from the collection of the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). A completely randomized experimental design was used with three replicates, and the plot consisted of four plants. In morphological characterization, qualitative and quantitative descriptors of leaves were evaluated. Genetic divergence among the specimens was determined by the Tocher clustering method and the hierarchical UPGMA. There is genetic variation among specimens evaluated, which was also expressed by the variability of colors, shapes, and sizes of the leaves. The Tocher clustering method and the hierarchical UPGMA were effective in differentiation of the specimens from multi-categorical qualitative descriptors, as the Tocher method grouped the accessions in two groups and the UPGMA in seven different groups. We highlight the accessions SSV 09 and SSV 10 as exhibiting the highest mean values in weekly leaf growth and in leaf height, important characteristics for local sale and for export.

RESUMO Para estimativa da diversidade genética entre os genótipos de uma coleção de germoplasma tem-se utilizado análise conjunta de variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas. Objetivou-se promover a caracterização morfoagronômica e estimar a diversidade genética de genótipos de feijão-fava pertencentes ao Banco de Germoplasma de Phaseolus da UFPI por meio de abordagens uni e multivariada. O experimento foi conduzido em telado entre janeiro e setembro de 2016, utilizando-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, sendo a parcela constituída por um vaso com uma planta . As características quantitativas foram submetidas à análise de variância e, posteriormente, utilizadas para estimar a comparação de médias. A análise conjunta das variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas foi estimada com base na distância de Gower. Posteriormente, foi realizado o agrupamento dos genótipos pelo método UPGMA, a partir do qual houve a formação de cinco grupos. Os genótipos de feijão-fava apresentaram ampla variabilidade genética com relação às características morfoagronômicas.

ABSTRACT To estimate the genetic diversity among the genotypes of a germplasm collection, a combined analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables was performed. The objective was to promote the morpho-agronomic characterization and estimate the genetic diversity of lima bean genotypes belonging to the Phaseolus Germplasm Bank of UFPI through univariate and multivariate approaches. The experiment was conducted on a screen house between January and September 2016, using a completely randomized design with four replications, with a plot consisting of a pot with a plant. An analysis of variance of the quantitative characteristics was performed and used to estimate the comparison of means. The combined analysis of the quantitative and qualitative variables was performed based on the Gower distance. Subsequently, the genotypes were grouped by the UPGMA method, from which five groups were formed. The lima bean genotypes showed wide genetic variability in relation to morpho-agronomic characteristics.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to ascertain the association between the REML/BLUP and GGE Biplot methodologies for selection of superior genotypes in regard to adaptability and yield stability for various regions of the Middle North region of Brazil. Sixteen soybean genotypes were evaluated in eight environments during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 crop seasons, analyzing the following traits: number of days to maturity, plant height, one hundred seed weight, and grain yield. In this study, the REML/BLUP and the GGE Biplot methods are highly correlated in terms of genotype ranking for selection and recommendation purposes. The genotypes BRASBT13-0528, M8372 IPRO, and BRASBT13-0621 most approximate a hypothetical ideal genotype.

Abstract Beekeeping is affected by adverse climatic conditions and availability of floral resources. This study aimed to survey and characterize the flora in São João do Piauí, a semi-arid region in Piauí, Brazil, and to identify species providing resources to bees. Flowering plants were observed for 18 months, and records were taken of flowering date, growth habit, visitation and resources collected by bees. Melissopalinological analysis of honey produced in the area was performed. A total of 67 flowering plant species were recorded, of which 49 were considered as bee plants, with a predominance of herbs and shrubs. The low rainfall reduces the number of flowering species, which makes important the conservation and multiplication of species which bloom in dry season, such as Ipomoea glabra, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Sida cordifolia and Ziziphus joazeiro, as well as species that contribute to honey production such as Mimosa tenuiflora, Mesosphaerum suaveolens and Croton sonderianus.

ABSTRACT Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) is an important source of protein for people as it contributes all of the essential amino acids necessary for humans. In Brazil, lima bean has a great relevance, mainly in the Northeast, where it is an alternative income in addition to a food source. It has a high degree of phenotypic variation for seed traits, which are important for understanding the genetic diversity and origin of this crop. We aimed to characterize 166 accessions of cultivated lima bean from Brazil using qualitative and quantitative descriptors through the Ward-MLM (Modified Location Model) in order to analize the organization of the genetic diversity and the origin of this germplasm. High genetic variability was detected and seed length and width characteristics were the main contributors to genetic divergence among the accessions. Results showed the presence of accessions with characteristics typical of the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools, and another group with intermediate characteristics of these two gene pools. Our results will be useful to breeding programs, since currently there is little information on the genetic diversity and the origin of the lima bean landraces cultivated in Brazil.