ABSTRACT The particle film technology has been reported as a promising tool in pest control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of kaolin-based products against the oviposition of South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Dip.:Tephritidae), and its effect on the quality of citrus fruits. The experiment was conducted in orchards of ‘Okitsu’ tangerine and ‘Valencia’ orange trees in the 2017, 2018 and 2019 harvests. The treatments were as follows: 1) kaolin 10% + 0.1% Break-Thru® adjuvant; 2) Surround® 5% WP; 3) 0.15% phosmet (Imidan® 500 WP), 75 g. a.i.; 4) without application (control). The sprays were performed every 21 days. At harvest, fruits were individually packed in a greenhouse for inspection after 25 days and infestation was recorded. Fruit samples were evaluated for average diameter, average mass, soluble solids, titratable acidity and peel colorimetry. Infestation of A. fraterculus in tangerines was reduced in plants treated with the two kaolin-based products in the 2017 harvest. In the 2017 and 2019 crops, Surround® WP reduced the infestation and the number of puparium/fruits in oranges. The mineral films did not alter the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, representing a promising alternative for the management of A. fraterculus.

ABSTRACT Several studies have demonstrated the importance of Pindo palm in Rio Grande do Sul and Brazil, mainly through preservation but also due to the economic potential of using its fruit. In collections of Pindo palm fruit carried out in some regions of Rio Grande do Sul, the presence of beetle larvae inside of seeds was observed. This study aimed at identifying the species and evaluating the level of infestation of this insect in Pindo palm endocarps. Endocarps were kept in observation in the laboratory to verify the emergence of adults. The number of endocarps with the presence of the exit hole of the adult insect was registered. Afterwards, the endocarps were broken, and the number of adult insects, larvae and intact seeds was registered. The insect that occurred in the Pindo palm trees was identified for the first time in the country, at the species level, as Pachymerus bridwelli (Prevett, 1966). Infestation occurred in 75.1% of the endocarps. Among the damaged ones, the occurrence of only one larva was verified in 75.7%. However, it was also possible to verify the presence of two larvae (22.1%) and up to three larvae (2.2%) per endocarp. The loss of seeds reached 53.4%.

A biologia de Spodoptera eridania foi estudada em laboratório (22±1ºC, UR 70±10%, fotofase de 14 horas), em folhas de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa cv. 'Aromas') e videira (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon'). A duração e a viabilidade do ciclo total foram, respectivamente, de 52,2±1,32 dias e 37,6% para morangueiro e 42,2±0,45 dias e 25,5% para videira. A razão sexual em morangueiro foi de 0,58, e 0,48 em videira. A longevidade média de machos e fêmeas em morangueiro foi de 16,3±1,16 e 15,8±1,85 dias, respectivamente, e 5,6±0,88 e 7,3±0,83 dias em videira. A fecundidade média total foi de 1.747,5±187,32 ovos por fêmea em morangueiro, e 1.764,9±289,04 em videira. A tabela de vida de fertilidade mostrou que a taxa líquida de reprodução e a razão finita de aumento foram de 394,89 e 1,10, respectivamente, para morangueiro, e de 213,98 e 1,12 para videira. As culturas do morangueiro cv. 'Aromas' e da videira cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' são hospedeiras favoráveis e equivalentes quanto ao potencial de crescimento populacional de S. eridania.

The biology of Spodoptera eridania was studied in the laboratory (22±1ºC, RH 70±10%, 14 hours of photoperiod) in leaves of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv. 'Aromas') and grape (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon'). The duration and viability of the entire cycle were respectively 52.2±1.32 days and 37.6% for strawberry and 42.2±0.45 days and 25.5% for grapes. The sex ratio in strawberry was 0.58 and 0.48 on grape. The average longevity of males and females in strawberry was 16.3±1.16 and 15.8±1.85 days, respectively, and 5.6±0.88 and 7.3±0.83 days in grape. The mean fecundity was 1,747.5±187.32 eggs per female in strawberry and 1,764.9±289.04 on grape. The life table of fertility showed that the net reproduction rate and finite rate of increase were 394.89 and 1.10, respectively, for strawberry and 213.98 and 1.12 for grapevine. Strawberry cv. 'Aromas' and grape cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' are suitable hosts providing similar population growth rates of S. eridania.

A pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) é uma cochonilha subterrânea, polífaga, nativa do sul do Brasil, que se alimenta de diversas espécies vegetais causando prejuízos, principalmente à cultura da videira (Vitis spp.). Nesta comunicação, três espécies vegetais são relatadas como novos hospedeiros da praga. Em 2007 e 2010, plantas infestadas foram registradas nos municípios de Farroupilha (29°14'34"S e 51°23'20"W) e Vacaria (28°26'30"S e 50°52'59"W), RS. Exemplares da cochonilha foram encontrados em raízes de amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.), framboeseira (Rubus idaeus L.) e mirtileiro (Vaccinium sp.). Os sintomas observados foram folhas cloróticas, definhamento progressivo, diminuição na produção e morte das plantas. Devido à ampliação do cultivo de pequenas frutas na região, essa informação serve de alerta aos produtores para que evitem o plantio em áreas infestadas com a cochonilha e observem a presença do inseto no material vegetativo utilizado para estabelecer o cultivo de pequenas frutas.

The Brazilian ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1922) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is a subterranean, polyphagous scale insect native of Southern Brazil that feeds on a variety of different vineyard plant species (Vitis spp.). In this study, it is reported three new plant hosts of the species. In 2007 and 2010, infested plants were documented in the towns of Farroupilha (29°14'34"S, 51°23'20"W) and Vacaria (28°26'30"S, 50°52'59"W) in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Specimens of the ground pearl were found in the roots of three cultivated berry plants: blackberry (Rubus spp.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Observed symptoms included: chlorotic leaves, gradual wasting, reduced production, and mortality. Given the increasing popularity of berry orchards in the region, this study serves as an alert for farmers to avoid establishing them in areas infested with the ground pearl and to check for the insects in the root cuttings used to establish berry crops.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pesticides, used in the organic system, on Apis mellifera under laboratory conditions. Four multiple (0.25x, 0.5x, 1x and 2x) concentrations as recommended by they manufacturers of the following products: Rotenat CE®, Pironat®, Biopirol 7M®, Organic neem®, Natuneem® and lime sulfur were tested by topical application and ingestion. Of all the products and concentrations tested, only the lime sulfur (5000 ml 100L-1 and 10000 mL 100L-1 of water) by ingestion, and Rotenat CE® (1200ml 100L-1 of water) on topical application were considered slightly harmful for A. mellifera, as the classification of IOBC/WPRS for the laboratory tests.

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) é uma das principais pragas da cultura do milho, entretanto, estudos a respeito de sua biologia, na cultura do milho doce, são raros. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito dos genótipos ELISA, BR 400 (milhos doce) e BR PAMPA (milho comum) na fase reprodutiva de S. frugiperda no que tange aos períodos de pré-oviposição, oviposição e pós-reprodutivo, número de posturas/fêmea e de ovos/postura, viabilidade dos ovos, período de incubação, intervalo entre oviposições e longevidade. Em condições de laboratório (25 ± 1ºC; 70 ± 10% UR; fotofase 12 horas), 60 lagartas/genótipo foram alimentadas com folhas dos três genótipos. A partir das pupas, foram formados 15, 20 e 24 casais em ELISA, BR 400 e BR PAMPA, respectivamente. Diariamente, registraram-se os números de posturas/fêmea e de ovos/postura. Não se verificou diferença entre os genótipos ELISA, BR 400 e BR PAMPA, respectivamente, em relação a: período de pré-oviposição (4,78; 3,94; 3,94 dias); oviposição (7,55; 6,5; 6,11 dias) e pós-reprodutivo (4,87; 4,64; 5,5 dias); número de posturas/fêmea (6,33; 5,25; 4,88) e de ovos/postura (216,72; 215,03; 226,02); viabilidade dos ovos (59,02; 69,76; 60,81%); intervalo entre oviposições (0,63; 0,86; 1,0 dias); longevidade dos machos (15,22; 13,62; 13,29 dias) e fêmeas (16,33; 14,06; 15,65 dias) com prole; e dos machos (19,17; 13,67; 13,86 dias) e fêmeas (16,43; 8,25; 19,37 dias) sem prole. O período de incubação dos ovos das fêmeas oriundas de lagartas mantidas em BR 400 foi mais longo do que o dos demais, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa.

Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) is one of the main corn crop pest. Neverthless, studies about its biology in the sweet corn crop are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the genotypes ELISA, BR 400 (sweet corn) and BR PAMPA (field corn) in the reproductive phase of S. frugiperda concerning: pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-reproduction periods; number of ovipositions/female and eggs/oviposition; eggs viability; incubation period; interval between ovipositions and longevity. In laboratory conditions (25 ± 1°C; 70 ±10% RH; 12 hours photophase), 60 larva/genotype were fed with leaves of three genotypes. From the pupae, 15, 20 and 24 couples were formed in ELISA, BR 400 and BR PAMPA, respectively. The number of ovipositions per female and eggs per oviposition was daily registered. Differences between the genotypes ELISA, BR 400 and BR PAMPA, respectively, were not noticed, concerning: pre-oviposition (4.78; 3.94; 3.94 days); oviposition (7.55; 6.5; 6.11 days) and post-reproductive (4.87; 4.64; 5.5 days) periods; number of ovipositions/female (6.33; 5.25; 4.88) and eggs/oviposition (216.72; 215.03; 226.02); eggs viability (59.02; 69.76; 60.81%); interval between ovipositions (0.63; 0.86; 1.0 days); longevity of male (15.22; 13.62; 13.29 days) and female (16.33; 14.06; 15.65 days) with offspring and of the male (19.17; 13.67; 13.86 days) and female (16.43; 8.25; 19.37 days) without offspring. The incubation period of the eggs generated by females whose caterpillars were kept in BR 400 genotype was numerically longer than the others.