Abstract Aim This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-99b and miR-135b in peritoneal carcinoma and liver metastases associated with Colorectal Cancer (CRC), assess their association with the intracellular signaling pathway proteins Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Virus (KRAS) and Akt, and investigate their effects on survival. Materials and methods Changes in the KRAS gene and Akt proteins, expression levels of miR-99b and miR-135b, and factors affecting survival were compared between colorectal cancer-associated peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastasis. Results The expression levels of miR-99b and miR-135b and the immunohistochemical grade classification score of Akt were higher in colorectal cancer, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and liver metastasis than in normal tissues (p< 0.05). MiR-99b expression was highest in CRC, whereas miR-135b expression was highest in peritoneal carcinomatosis (p< 0.05). The expression level of miR-99b decreased and that of miR-135b increased in peritoneal and liver metastases compared with that in the tumor tissue. MiR-99b, Akt, and recurrence were risk factors that affected the overall survival rate in the model of clinical predictions (p= 0.045, p= 0.006, and p= 0.012, respectively). Conclusion While the expression of miR-99b was highest in the primary tumor, its decrease in liver metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis suggests that miR-99b has a protective effect against liver metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, the detection of miR-135b expression was highest in peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastasis compared with that in the colorectal cancer tissues suggesting that it facilitates peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastasis. Furthermore, miR-99b, KRAS mutations, and Akt are risk factors for the overall survival of colorectal cancer.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In July 2012, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society updated their guidelines for gastroenterological endoscopy in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. Colonoscopic polypectomy procedures are associated with a high risk of bleeding. OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the safety of colonoscopic polypectomy procedures in terms of bleeding, among patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary-level public cardiovascular hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS: Colonoscopic polypectomies carried out in a single endoscopy unit between July 2018 and July 2019 were evaluated prospectively. The patients’ data, including age, gender, comorbidities, whether antithrombotic drug use was ceased or whether patients were switched to bridging therapy, polyp size, polyp type, polyp location, histopathology, resection methods (hot snare, cold snare or forceps) and complications relating to the procedures were recorded. RESULTS: The study was completed with 94 patients who underwent a total of 167 polypectomy procedures. As per the advice of the physicians who prescribed antithrombotic medications, 108 polypectomy procedures were performed on 60 patients without discontinuing medication and 59 polypectomy procedures were performed on 34 patients after discontinuing medication. The age, gender distribution and rate of bleeding did not differ significantly between the patients whose medication was discontinued and those whose medication was continued (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that the colonoscopic polypectomy procedure without discontinuation of antithrombotic medication did not increase the risk of bleeding. This procedure can be safely performed by experienced endoscopists in patients with an international normalized ratio (INR) below 2.5.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of storage duration and egg shell color on external and internal egg quality traits. Eggs were obtained from 29-week--old ATAK-S layer hybrids reared in a traditional cage system. Storage durations were set as 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Shell color was classified as dark (59.00-67.99); moderate (68.00-70.99) and light (71.00-79.99) using the ΔΕ values of the eggs. The storage duration significantly affected the egg weight (P≤0.01), specific gravity (P≤0.01), breaking strength (P≤0.01), shell thickness (P≤0.01), shell weight (P≤0.01), surface area (P≤0.01), albumen index (P≤0.01), yolk index (P≤0.01), Haugh unit (P≤0.01), yolk color (P≤0.05) and albumen pH (P≤0.01). The egg shell color significantly affected the specific gravity (P≤0.01), breaking strength (P≤0.01), shell thickness (P≤0.01), shell weight (P≤0.01), albumen pH (P≤0.05) and albumen blood-meat spots (P≤0.05). The current findings revealed that the eggs should be transported to consumers as soon as possible, and further studies should be performed to darken egg shell colors. It was concluded that newly laid dark colored eggs had the best quality.

El presente estudio evaluó los efectos del tiempo de conservación y el color de la cascara del huevo en las características de calidad externas e internas del huevo. El material lo constituyeron huevos obtenidos de ATAK-S híbridos de gallinas de postura de 29 semanas de edad, criadas en sistemas de jaula tradicional. El tiempo de duración fue definido como inicial (0), 7, 14, 21 y 28 días. El color de la cascara fue clasificado como oscuro (59.00-67.99); moderado (68.00-70.99) y claro (71.00-79.99), usando el ΔE valores de huevos. El tiempo de conservación tuvo un afecto significativo en el peso del huevo (P≤0.01), la gravedad específica (P≤0.01), la resistencia a la ruptura (P≤0.01), el grosor de la cascara (P≤0.01), el peso de la cascara (P≤0.01), el área de superficie (P≤0.01), el índice de albumen (P≤0.01), el índice de yema (P≤0.01), la unidad Haugh (P≤0.01), el color de la yema (P≤0.05) y el pH del albumen (P≤0.01). El color de la cascara originó un efecto significativo en la gravedad específica (P≤0.01), la resistencia a la ruptura (P≤0.01), el grosor de la cascara (P≤0.01), el peso de la cascara (P≤0.01), el pH del albumen (P≤0.05), manchas de sangre y de carne en el albumen (P≤0.05). Los resultados indican que los huevos deberían ser transportados a los consumidores en forma rápida. Se sugiere realizar estudios adicionales para oscurecer la cascara de los huevos, ya que se concluye que los huevos ligeramente oscurecidos tienen la mayor calidad.