RESUMO O presente trabalho visa investigar os efeitos do extrato de semente de uva Proanthocyanidin (GSPE) sobre o desempenho da produção, o metabolismo e o status antioxidante de gado leiteiro Holstein em lactação precoce. Quarenta e oito vacas leiteiras multíparas Holstein foram divididas em quatro grupos (CON, G20, G40 e G80) e receberam 0, 20, 40 e 80mg de GSPE/kg de peso corporal/dia, respectivamente. O G20 aumentou significativamente o rendimento do leite em comparação com os outros grupos. A proteína e os sólidos não gordurosos do leite foram aumentados nos grupos G20, G40 e G80 somente no sétimo dia durante a experiência. Não foi observada diferença significativa na gordura do leite e na contagem de células somáticas, bem como nos parâmetros de metabolismo energético no sangue, na função hepática e na função renal entre os grupos em relação ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa na glutationa peroxidase, na dimutase de superóxido, na capacidade antioxidante total e no peróxido de hidrogênio entre os grupos, mas o conteúdo malondialdeído do G20 aumentou significativamente no dia 14 em comparação com o CON, e tendia a aumentar no dia 28. Em conclusão, a alimentação de 20mg de GSPE/kg de peso corporal/dia foi associada a um aumento significativo no rendimento do leite, sem efeitos nocivos sobre a função hepática ou a renal, com o metabolismo de energia substancial e a melhoria dos parâmetros antioxidantes de gado leiteiro no início da lactação.

ABSTRACT Aims to investigate the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on production performance, metabolism, and anti-oxidative status of Holstein dairy cattle in early lactation. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cattle were assigned to four groups (CON, G20, G40 and G80) and supplied with 0, 20, 40, and 80mg GSPE/kg of body weight/day. G20 significantly increased milk yield compared with other groups. Milk protein and non-fat-solids were increased in G20, G40 and G80 groups compared with the control group only at the 7th day during the experiment. No significant difference was observed in milk fat and somatic cell count, nor on parameters of energy metabolism in blood, liver function and kidney function between the four groups. There was no significant difference in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and hydrogen peroxide between the groups; but the malondialdehyde content of G20 significantly increased at day 14 in comparison with CON, and tended to increase at the 28th day. In conclusion, feeding 20mg GSPE/kg of body weight/day was associated with a significant increase in milk yield without detrimental effects on liver or kidney function and with substantial energy metabolism and antioxidant parameters improvement in early lactation dairy cattle.

BACKGROUND: Recent concerns have been raised about the potential for proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to blunt the efficacy of clopidogrel. We observed the effect of clopidogrel plus aspirin with or without omeprazole in patients with carotid stenoses after they received placement of carotid stents. METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients treated with percutaneous carotid artery stenting (CAS) comprised the sample. All enrolled patients underwent the C13 urea breath test (C13 UBT) before CAS. Patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and a history of peptic ulcer were assigned dual antiplatelet combination with omeprazole. Others received dual antiplatelet without omeprazole. Transcranial Doppler and ultrasonography were performed to assess the middle cerebral artery and carotid artery in follow-up at three months and six months. RESULTS: Eight patients had gastrointestinal bleeding; the event rate was 22.6% without omeprazole and 3.8% with omeprazole. The rate of gastrointestinal bleeding was reduced with omeprazole as compared without omeprazole (p = 0.026, p < 0.05). The two groups did not differ significantly in the rate of instent restenosis and thrombus through transcranial Doppler and ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: Among patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy, prophylactic use of omeprazole reduced the rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. There was no apparent interaction between clopidogrel and omeprazole in patients with carotid artery stenting.

ANTECEDENTES: Recientemente se han expresado preocupaciones acerca de la posibilidad de que los inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) para debilitar la eficacia del clopidogrel. Observamos el efecto del clopidogrel más aspirina con o sin omeprazol en pacientes con estenosis de la arteria carótida después de que recibieran la colocación de stents carotídeos. MÉTODOS: Sesenta y cuatro pacientes consecutivos tratados con stent percutáneo de la arteria carótida (SAC) fueron seleccionados para formar la muestra. A todos los pacientes inscritos se les realizó la prueba de aliento con urea C13 (C13 UBT) antes de CAS. A pacientes con infección por Helicobacter pylori y antecedentes de úlcera péptica les fue asignada una combinación antiplaquetaria dual con omeprazol. Otros recibieron tratamiento antiplaquetario dual sin omeprazol. Se realizaron una prueba Transcranial Doppler y una ultrasonografía a fin de evaluar la arteria cerebral media y la arteria carótida en seguimientos a los tres meses y a los seis meses. RESULTADOS: Ocho pacientes tuvieron hemorragia gastrointerstinal; la tasa de eventos fue 22.6% sin omeprazol y 3.8% con omeprazol. La tasa de hemorragia gastrointerstinal se redujo con omeprazol en comparación con la obtenida sin omeprazol (p = 0,026, p < 0.05). Los dos grupos no difirieron significativamente con respecto a la tasa de restenosis en stent y trombos a través de la prueba Transcranial Doppler y la ultrasonografía. CONCLUSIÓN: Entre los pacientes que reciben terapia antiplaquetaria dual, el uso profiláctico de omeprazol redujo la tasa de hemorragia gastrointestinal superior. No hubo interacción ostensible entre el clopidogrel y el omeprazol en pacientes con stent de la arteria carótida.

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a regulator of angiogenesis which is an important physiological adaptation to increased metabolic demand. Thus, mutations of this gene may exert a significant influence on animal growth. We screened the exons of the caprine VEGF gene using PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods in 459 individuals from four goat breeds to identify sequence variations that may have an effect on protein structure and function, and might be related to different phenotypes of growth traits. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (GU014696:g.49 G>C and GU014696:g.270G>A) were identified in the P3 locus of the caprine VEGF gene. Significant associations were observed between the genotypes of the P3 locus and body length, body height and chest circumference. Individuals with genotype P3-B had a significantly longer body length and higher body height than individuals containing genotype P3-AB. Thus, animals of genotype P3-AB should be culled in a selection programme for fast growth. It is suggested that P3-B could be used as a molecular marker in marker-assisted selection (MAS).