The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in HIV-positive Brazilian patients with (HIV+/KS+) and without Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV+/KS-) using PCR and immunofluorescence assays, to assess its association with KS disease, to evaluate the performance of these tests in detecting HHV-8 infection, and to investigate the association between anti-HHV-8 antibody titers, CD4 counts and staging of KS disease. Blood samples from 66 patients, 39 HIV+/KS+ and 27 HIV+/KS-, were analyzed for HHV-8 viremia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by PCR and HHV-8 antigenemia for latent and lytic infection by immunofluorescence assay. Positive samples for latent nuclear HHV-8 antigen (LNA) antibodies were titrated out from 1/100 to 1/409,600 dilution. Clinical information was collected from medical records and risk behavior was assessed through an interview. HHV-8 DNA sequences were detected by PCR in 74.3% of KS+ patients and in 3.7% of KS- patients. Serological assays were similar in detecting anti-LNA antibodies and anti-lytic antigens in sera from KS+ patients (79.5%) and KS- patients (18.5%). HHV-8 was associated with KS whatever the method used, i.e., PCR (odds ratio (OR) = 7.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.16-25.61) or anti-LNA and anti-lytic antibodies (OR = 17.0, 95%CI = 4.91-59.14). Among KS+ patients, HHV-8 titration levels correlated positively with CD4 counts (rho 0.48, P = 0.02), but not with KS staging. HHV-8 is involved in the development of KS in different geographic areas worldwide, as it is in Brazil, where HHV-8 is more frequent among HIV+ patients. KS severity was associated with immunodeficiency, but no correlation was found between HHV-8 antibody titers and KS staging.

Em uma área endêmica onde havia interrupção da transmissão, foram tratados 164 esquistossomóticos com a associação oxamniquine e praziquantel em doses reduzidas. Cada indivíduo tomou de uma só vez uma cápsula de 250mg de oxamniquine e um comprimido de 300mg de praziquantel, ingeridos na nossa presença. As doses de oxamniquine variaram de 3,5 a 16,6mg/kg de peso corporal e as de praziquantel de 4,2 a 20mg. O controle de cura constou de oito exames parasitológicos de fezes de cada paciente, pelo método de Kato-Katz, num período de 6 meses. Os índices de cura variaram de 30% a 56,6%. A percentagem total de cura foi de 39,6%. A tolerância à associação foi boa. Nossos resultados mostraram baixo percentual de cura e aparente ausência de sinergismo da associação oxamniquine epraziquantel em doses reduzidas no tratamento da esquistossomose mansônica no Brasil.

In an endemic area where transmission of schistosomiasis has been interrupted 164 infected patients were treated with oxamniquine and praziquantel in reduced doses. Each individual took, under supervision, one 250 mg capsule of oxamniquine and one tablet of 300 mg of praziquantel. The doses of oxamniquine varied from 3.5 to 16.6 mg/kilo body weight and that of praziquantel from 4.2 to 20 mg. The control of cure was eight faecal examination for eggs by the Kato-Katz method carried out overaperiod ofsix months. The indices ofcure varied from 30 to 57%. The total percentage of cure ivas 40%. Tolerance was good. Our results show a low cure rate and an apparent lack of synergism of the association of oxamniquine and praziquantel in reduced doses in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil.

Os autores relatam o resultado de um ensaio terapêutico em sagüis com uma cepa de Leishmania donovani isolada de um caso humano fatal de calazar, clinicamente resistente aos antimoniais (Glucantime e Pentostam), Anfotericina B ePentamidina. Os testes cutâneos realizados no paciente para avaliação da imunidade celular foram negativos à exceção do DNCB a 2%. Quatro sangüis adultos (Callithrix jacchus) foram inoculados por via intraperitoneal com uma suspensão deformas amastigotas de L. donovani. Duzentos e dez dias após, todos os animais mostravam formas amastigotas do protozoário, evidenciadas através de punção hepática por aspiração. Iniciou-se então um esquema terapêutico com glucantime (28 mgSb v/kg/dia) em três séries de 10 dias com cinco dias de intervalo entre elas em três dosprimatas,ficando o quarto animal como controle. Nos três animais tratados houve curaparasitológica da doença, o mesmo não ocorrehdo com o controle. O fato de a amostra de L. donovani ter sido, no paciente, resistente aos vários tratamentos e ter sido sensível em modelo experimental à terapêutica com glucantime, sugere a possibilidade de que fatores imunológicos do paciente possam ter contribuído para a evolução fatal da doença.

The authors describe a therapeutic study in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) of a strain of Leishmania donovani isolated from a fatal human case of Kala-azar. The patient failed to respond to antimoniais (Glucantime and Pentostam), Amphotericin B and pentamidine therapy. Skin tests for the evaluation of cellular immunity were negative with the exception of 2% dinitrochlobenzene. Four adult marmosets were inoculated intraperitoneally with a suspension of amastigotes of L. donovani isolated from the hamster liver and spleen. Two hundred and ten days later all the animals had amastigotes in aspirates obtained by liver puncture. Glucantime treatment 28 mg/kilogram body weightper day for 3 series of 10 days was begun in three animals while the fourth was kept as a control. The three treated animals became parasite free in contrast to the control marmoset. The fact that this strain of L. donovani was unresponsive in the patient, inspite of various attempts at treatment, and yet responded to antimoniais in marmosets suggest that the patients immune response was defective leading to a fatal outcome.