ABSTRACT This study aims to optimize the operational parameters of the Bullet plate type flour grinding machine for processing PBW 824 wheat to enhance both machine performance and flour quality. The objective is to identify optimal settings for grinding speed, plate distance, and wheat moisture content using optimization techniques. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) were employed to evaluate these parameters. Controlled experiments varied each parameter at five levels, collecting data on throughput, energy consumption, flour fineness, and protein content. The results indicate throughput increased from 225–275 kilograms per hour (kg/h) at 900 revolutions per minute (RPM) to 275–400 kg/h at 1500 RPM, while energy consumption rose from 6-10 kilowatt-hours (kWh) to 12–20 kWh. Flour fineness was highest (80%–90%) at smaller plate distances (0.5 millimeters (mm), and protein content decreased from 13%–14.5% at 10% moisture content to 12%–13.5% at 15%. These findings highlight the trade-off between productivity and energy efficiency and the importance of optimizing moisture content to preserve nutritional quality. The study successfully identified optimal operational parameters, enhancing the performance and quality of the grinding machine. Future research could apply these optimization techniques to milling machinery and wheat varieties, contributing to advancements in milling technology and agriculture. 82 speed distance RSM (RSM CCD (CCD levels 225275 225 275 225–27 kgh kg h (kg/h 90 RPM (RPM 275400 400 275–40 150 610 6 10 6-1 kilowatthours kilowatt hours kWh (kWh 1220 12 20 12–2 80%–90% 8090 80 (80%–90% 0.5 05 0 5 (0. mm, mm , (mm) 13145 13 14 13%–14.5 12135 12%–13.5 15 15% tradeoff trade off varieties agriculture 8 22527 22 27 225–2 9 27540 40 275–4 61 1 6- 122 2 12– 80%–90 809 (80%–90 0. (0 (mm 1314 13%–14. 1213 12%–13. 2252 225– 2754 4 275– 80%–9 (80%–9 ( 131 13%–14 121 12%–13 80%– (80%– 13%–1 12%–1 80% (80% 13%– 12%– (80 13% 12% (8

ABSTRACT This study aimed to enhance the mechanical, thermal, and biocompatibility properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposite nanofibers by incorporating graphene and graphene oxide (GO) using the electrospinning technique. PCL nanocomposite nanofibers were synthesized with varying concentrations of graphene (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and GO (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%). Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile strength tests, showing significant enhancements. Graphene increased tensile strength by 10%, 20%, and 30%, while GO improved it by 15%, 25%, and 35% for respective concentrations. Thermal stability was assessed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), revealing that the onset degradation temperature increased by 5%, 10%, and 15% for graphene and by 7%, 12%, and 18% for GO. The maximum weight loss temperature improved by up to 20% for GO-reinforced nanocomposites. Results indicated that graphene enhanced cell viability by 8%, 12%, and 15%, and GO by 10%, 15%, and 20%. The thermal stability and biocompatibility improvements were attributed to the better dispersion and stronger interfacial bonding of GO within the PCL matrix. GO-reinforced nanocomposites showed a 20% improvement in cell viability, suggesting their suitability for biomedical applications. These findings indicate that incorporating graphene and GO significantly enhances the properties of PCL nanocomposites, making them suitable for demanding biomedical applications. mechanical (PCL (GO technique 0.5%, 05 0 5 (0.5% 1 1% 1.5% 15 1.5%. . tests enhancements 10 10% 20 30 30% 25 25% 35 TGA, TGA , (TGA) 5% 7 7% 12 12% 18 GOreinforced reinforced 8 8% matrix applications 0.5% (0.5 1.5 2 3 (TGA 0.5 (0. 1. 0. (0 (

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the influence of nanoceramic addition on the performance of cement-based materials, including mortars and concretes. Nanoceramics, a type of nano clay derived from montmorillonite, can potentially enhance the properties of cement-based materials due to their pozzolanic activity. Nanoceramics were added to mortars and concretes at varying percentages (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of cement). Pozzolanic activity tests, workability assessments, compressive strength tests, tensile strength tests, and water permeability tests were conducted on the prepared specimens. The addition of nanoceramics improved the compressive and tensile strengths of mortars and concretes, with optimal percentages varying based on the water-cement ratio. Nanoceramics acted as a pozzolanic material and filler, reducing porosity and enhancing strength. However, higher nanoceramic percentages led to workability issues, necessitating the use of plasticizers or superplasticizers. The study demonstrated the potential of nanoceramics as a mineral admixture for enhancing the performance of cement-based materials. Optimal nanoceramic addition percentages were determined for different water-cement ratios, considering strength gains and workability concerns. cementbased cement montmorillonite 0%, 0 (0% 2 2% 4 4% 6 6% 8 cement. . cement) assessments specimens watercement ratio filler However issues superplasticizers ratios concerns 0% (0 (

ABSTRACT The study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of AA2124 aluminum alloy matrix composites reinforced with silicon nitride (Si3N4) particulates, utilizing powder metallurgy and high-energy ball milling techniques. Reinforcing metal matrices with ceramic particulates like Si3N4 offers potential strength, hardness, and thermal stability improvements for advanced engineering applications. AA2124 alloy powder was mixed with Si3N4 particulates (5-20 wt%) and milled for varying durations to achieve uniform dispersion. The mixtures were compacted and sintered at 500°C in an argon atmosphere. Microstructural characterization was performed using SEM, XRD, and particle size analysis. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile, fatigue, and creep tests, along with microhardness measurements. The composites exhibited significant improvements in mechanical properties, with optimal results observed at 15 wt% Si3N4 and 60 minutes of milling. The tensile strength increased to 475 MPa from 320 MPa, and microhardness reached 297 kgf/mm2 compared to 37 kgf/mm2 for the unreinforced alloy. Enhanced fatigue life and creep resistance were also noted. This study demonstrates that optimizing Si3N4 content and milling duration can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of AA2124 composites, making them suitable for aerospace and other high-performance applications. The findings provide a basis for developing advanced aluminum matrix composites with superior mechanical properties. AA AA212 SiN Si N (Si3N4 highenergy high energy techniques Si3N hardness applications 520 5 20 (5-2 wt dispersion 500C C 500 atmosphere SEM XRD analysis tests measurements 1 6 47 32 29 kgfmm2 kgfmm kgf mm2 mm kgf/mm 3 noted highperformance performance AA21 (Si3N 52 2 (5- 50 4 AA2 (5 (