RESUMO: A meliponicultura e a produção associada de mel é uma atividade com grande potencial de uso e comercialização na Amazônia peruana, contudo, as poucas técnicas de manejo e o pouco conhecimento da qualidade do mel oferecido limitam seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo foi realizado em três comunidades da Amazônia peruana, onde a produção e as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas do mel de Melipona eburnea foram avaliadas 90 dias após a instalação em colmeias racionais. O mel de M. eburnea também foi comparado ao mel de 90 dias de M. grandis, M. illota e M. titania. Além disso, o mel de M. eburnea foi amostrado aos 180 dias. A produção de mel variou de 900 a 1400 ml/colônia/três meses para M. eburnea. Quando a umidade e os açúcares totais foram comparados entre as diferentes espécies, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para o mel de M. eburnea aos 90 e 180 dias de maturação. As análises microbiológicas para os dois tratamentos apresentaram valores <0,3 / g MPN (número mais provável) de coliformes e organismos de origem fecal. O mel de abelha sem ferrão pode, portanto, ser colhido após três meses, pois mantém suas características físico-químicas e é microbiologicamente adequado para consumo humano.

ABSTRACT: Meliponiculture and associated honey production are activities with a great potential for general use and commercialization in the Peruvian Amazon. Lack of management techniques and limited knowledge of honey quality are two factors which may hinder the implementation of meliponiculture. The present study was conducted in three communities in the Peruvian Amazon where the production and physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of honey from Melipona eburnea were evaluated at 90 days following transfer from natural to rational hives. Honey from M. eburnea was also compared with the 90-day-old honey from Melipona grandis, Melipona illota, and Melipona titania. In addition, 180-day-old honey from M. eburnea was sampled and compared with the younger 90-day-old honey. The production of honey varied from 900 to 1400 mL/colony/3 months for M. eburnea. When moisture and total sugars among the different species of Melipona were compared, no significant differences were observed. Neither were there significant differences between the M. eburnea honey at 90 and 180 days of maturation. Microbiological analyses for both treatments had values <0.3/g most probable number (MPN) of coliforms and organisms of fecal origin. Stingless bee honey can therefore be harvested after 3 months, by which time its physicochemical characteristics are stable and it is microbiologically suitable for human consumption.

Resumen El curculiónido Scolytinae Xylosandrus compactus es una plaga polífaga, invasora, originaria de Asia. Actualmente se encuentra en las zonas tropicales y subtropicales de todos los continentes. El insecto probablemente ingresó a América del Sur en los años 1970, fue detectado por primera vez en el Perú en 1973 y en la Amazonía Peruana en 1991. En este trabajo, se registra por primera vez sobre cacao en la Amazonía peruana donde causa daños importantes en los viveros de cacao. Se proponen algunos métodos de control.

Abstract The weevil Curculionidae Scolytinae Xylosandrus compactus is a polyphagous invasive pest native to Asia. It is now found in tropical and subtropical areas of all continents. The insect probably entered South America in the 1970s, where it was first detected in 1973 in Peru and then detected in the Peruvian Amazon in 1991. This paper is the first report of it on cacao in the Peruvian Amazon, where it is causing serious damage to cocoa nurseries. Several control methods are proposed.

Escolar masculino de 9 años, con mielomeningocele corregido e hidrocefalia, enfermedad actual de 3 años de evolución, caracterizada por epigastralgia intermitente, recibe tratamiento sin mejoría. Dos días antes del ingreso se asocian vómitos, hematemesis y fiebre. Al examen físico, signos de desnutrición crónica, anemia, hepatomegalia y dolor en epigastrio. Se realiza endoscopia digestiva superior, revela reflujo gastroesofágico, tumoración gástrica ulcerada y duodenitis inespecífica; se realizan ecosonograma abdominal, Rx esófago-estomago-duodeno contrastado y tomografía abdominal, donde se evidenció tumor en antro pilórico de 6 por 7 cm, estenosante y distensión gástrica. Recibe hemoderivados, por anemia aguda. Se realiza laparotomía exploradora, se evidencia gran tumoración friable, se extraen muestras para biopsia gástrica que reveló fragmento fibroadiposo con inflamación crónica y granulosa, reacción gigantocelular de tipo Langhans y tipo cuerpo extraño, necrosis y reagudización focal, las biopsias de ganglios, hígado y epiplón revelaron signos de inflamación crónica multifocal. Hemocultivos negativos, Anticore y Antigeno de superficie VHB negativos, PCR para CMV, estudio para BK y hongos negativos, examen de heces Blastocystis hominis, títulos de IgG contra Helicobacter pylori positivo 1.61 U/L, se inicio terapia con Metronidazol, Claritromicina y Omeprazol VEV, con remisión del tumor gástrico, todo lo cual sugiere Linfoma MALT gástrico o MALTOMA.

Masculine student of 9 years, with mielomeningocele correted and hydrocephaly, present disease of 3 years of evolution, characterized by intermittent epigastralgia, receives treatment without improvement. Two days before the entrance vomits, hematemesis and fever are associated. To the physical examination, signs of chronic undernourishment, anemia, hepatomegalia and pain in epigastrio. Superior digestive endoscopia is made, reveals gastroesfágico ebb tide, ulcerada gastric tumoración and unspecific duodenitis; ecosonograma abdominal, Rx resisted esophagus-stomach-duodeno and tomography abdominal are made, where it demonstrated tumor in pyloric caven of 6 by 7 cm, estenosante and gastric distension. It receives hemoderivados by acute anemia. Exploratory laparotomía is made, demonstrated great coldable tumoración, samples for gastric biopsy are extracted that revealed fibroadiposo fragment with chronic and granular inflammation, reaction to gigantocelular of Langhans type and type strange body, necrosis and focal reagudización, the biopsies of ganflia, liver and epiplón revealed signs of multifocal chronic inflammation. Hemocultivos negative, Anticore and Antigeno of surface VHB negative, negative PCR for CMV, study for BK and fungi, examination Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia positive, titles of IgG and biopsy Helicobacter pylori positive , beginning therapy with Metronidazol, Clarotromicina and Omeprazol VEV, remission of the gastric tumor, which suggests gastric Linfoma MALT or MALTOMA.