RESUMO: A interação genótipo x ambiente representa um grande desafio na identificação e seleção de genótipos responsivos às diversas condições de clima e solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e selecionar pré-cultivares de feijão carioca e feijão carioca precoce com base na adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos. Na safra 2014 foram conduzidos dois ensaios regionais de competição no estado de Pernambuco: feijão carioca (14 genótipos em Arcoverde, Belém de São Francisco, Caruaru e São João) e feijão carioca precoce (11 genótipos em Araripina, Arcoverde e Caruaru) e na safra de 2015 com feijão carioca precoce (11 genótipos, em Araripina, Arcoverde e Brejão). Os parâmetros foram estimados por meio de modelos mistos e a seleção foi realizada pelo método da Média Harmônica do Desempenho Relativo dos Valores Genéticos (MHPRVG), adotando-se três estratégias: i) seleção com base no valor genético predito, sem interação; ii) seleção com base no valor genético predito, considerando cada local; iii) seleção simultânea quanto à produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Observou-se que os ambientes influenciaram na expressão fenotípica dos genótipos de feijão carioca e carioca precoce, configurando adaptação específica. Os genótipos BRS Notável, BRS Estilo e BRS Pérola, de feijão carioca, e CNFC 15875, BRS Notável e CNFC 15630, de feijão carioca precoce, apresentaram os melhores desempenhos nos ambientes testados, considerando-se, simultaneamente, a adaptabilidade a diferentes condições edafoclimáticas, estabilidade de desempenho e produtividade de grãos.

ABSTRACT: Genotype x environment interactions represent a major challenge in identifying and selecting genotypes responsive to different climate and soil conditions. This research evaluated and selected pre-cultivars of carioca bean and early carioca bean based on adaptability, stability, and grain yield. In the 2014 crop season, two regional competition trials were conducted in the state of Pernambuco: carioca beans (14 genotypes in Arcoverde, Belém de São Francisco, Caruaru and São João) and early carioca beans (11 genotypes in Araripina, Arcoverde, and Caruaru) and, in the 2015 crop season, with early carioca beans (11 genotypes in Araripina, Arcoverde, and Brejão). Parameters were estimated by mixed models, and the selection was performed using the Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genetic Values (HMRPGV) method following three strategies: i) selection based on predicted genetic value with no interaction; ii) selection according to predicted genetic value considering each location; and iii) simultaneous selection for grain yield, adaptability, and stability. The environments influenced the phenotypic expression of the carioca and early carioca bean genotypes, representing a specific adaptation. The genotypes BRS Notável, BRS Estilo and BRS Pérola, of carioca beans, and CNFC 15875, BRS Notável and CNFC 15630, of early carioca beans, had the best results in the environments tested, regarding, simultaneously, adaptability to different soil and climate conditions, performance stability, and grain yield.

ABSTRACT The mixed-model methodology is an alternative to select genotypes for traits highly influenced by the environment. In addition, this method allows FOR estimating the repeatability coefficient and predicting the number of assessments needed for a selection process to increase reliability. This study aimed to determine the minimum number of evaluations necessary for a reliable selection process and to estimate the variance components used for predicting genetic gains between and within half-sib families of elephant grass ( Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone ) using the mixed-model methodology. Half-sib families were generated using genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of Elephant Grass. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with nine half-sib families, three replicates, and eight plants per plot. We evaluated 216 genotypes (individual plants) of elephant grass. The deviance analysis was carried out, genetic parameters were estimated, gains between and within families were predicted, and repeatability coefficients were obtained using Selegen software. There was genetic variability for selection within the families evaluated. The reliability values found above 60 % for plant height and number of tillers and above 80 % for dry matter yield suggest that only two evaluations are required to select superior genotypes with outstanding reliability. Sixteen genotypes were identified and selected for their productive potential, which can be used as parents in elephant grass breeding programs for bioenergy production.

ABSTRACT One of the challenges of the energy sector is the identification of renewable resources with less impact on the environment and that are economically viable. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity of eleven full-sib families of elephant grass, using quantitative traits associated with bioenergy production. The trial followed a randomized blocks design, with four replications and each plot (family) consisting of five plants, totaling 220 genotypes. Five quantitative traits were measured: dry matter yield, dry matter percentage, plant height, stem diameter and number of tillers. The genetic diversity was estimated using multivariate methods (principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering). The analysis revealed a significant genetic diversity among the full-sib of elephant grass, with a greater variability observed for dry matter yield and number of tillers. The families 1, 2, 5, 7 and 8 exhibited superior genotypes for bioenergy production-related traits. The grouping analysis generated twenty clusters, enabling the differentiation of genotypes. Eight clusters comprised genotypes with a high dry matter yield and plant height, simultaneously, surpassing the overall mean for number of tillers.

RESUMO Um dos desafios do setor energético é a identificação de recursos renováveis com menor impacto ao meio ambiente e que sejam economicamente viáveis. Objetivou-se estimar a diversidade genética de onze famílias de irmãos completos de capim-elefante, utilizando-se características quantitativas associadas à produção de bioenergia. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela (família) composta por cinco plantas, totalizando 220 genótipos. Cinco características quantitativas foram mensuradas: produção de matéria seca, porcentagem de matéria seca, altura de planta, diâmetro de colmo e número de perfilhos. A estimativa da diversidade genética foi realizada por meio de métodos multivariados (componentes principais e agrupamento hierárquico). Observou-se que há diversidade genética em irmãos completos de capim-elefante, com maior amplitude de variabilidade para produção de matéria seca e número de perfilhos. As famílias 1, 2, 5, 7 e 8 apresentam genótipos superiores para características relacionadas à produção de bioenergia. Vinte grupos obtidos no agrupamento maximizaram a distinção dos genótipos. Oito grupos continham genótipos com alta produção de matéria seca e altura de planta, simultaneamente, além de valores acima da média geral para número de perfilhos.

ABSTRACT Elephant grass stands out among lignocellulosic biomass plants utilized for second-generation biofuel production due to several advantageous characteristics compared to other raw materials. Its short production cycle and ability to thrive in adverse soil and climate conditions contribute to its appeal. Additionally, breeders seek genotypes with high productivity potential and adaptability to various favorable cultivation environments. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, predict genetic values using mixed models (REML/BLUP), and evaluate stability and adaptability for energy biomass production in elephant grass genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, utilizing a two-replicate experimental block design that included 40 elephant grass genotypes. Four harvest assessments were performed between 2016 and 2019. Genetic parameter estimation and selection of superior genotypes based on genetic value using the REML/BLUP procedure were performed using Selegen software. Stability and adaptability analyses were obtained through the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), enabling the identification of stable and highly productive genotypes. Genotypes 17, 18, 32, 16, 36, 6, 15, 31, and 34 exhibited outstanding performance in terms of HMGV, indicating enhanced stability, adaptability, and simultaneous productivity, thus ensuring robustness in cultivation. These selected genotypes hold potential for future breeding programs aimed at improving elephant grass yield for biomass production.

ABSTRACT The elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) is one of the species with great prominence for energy production because of its favorable traits, such as high yield and short cycle, combined with several biomass quality characteristics. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the morpho-agronomic traits of eight elephant grass genotypes under different cutting ages. A randomized block design with three replicates was applied to the experiment, and plots were composed of a 12 m long line divided into six subplots for each of the bimonthly cuts. Eight genotypes were evaluated in the plots, and the cutting ages (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12-mo) were analyzed in the subplots. The following traits were assessed: DM yield, (DMY) percentage of DM, and average plant height (HEI). All genetic-statistical analyses were conducted using the Genes Program. The evaluated genotypes showed nonsignificant differences, indicating that, for the evaluated traits, these genotypes are genetically similar. Most genotypes presented linear effect of 2nd degree in the two assessment cuts, pointing they did not reach their maximum capacity of DMY in the time interval of the evaluated cuts. The maximum %DM achieved for the most genotypes occurred at about 9-mo age, while genotypes Vruckwona and BAG-86 at about 10-mo age. The maximum points for HEI trait were between 8 and 10-mo age. Increasing the cutting interval leads to increases in DM yield, with the 10-mo cutting age being the most efficient, resulting in higher yields.

RESUMO A seleção dos melhores genótipos é dificultada devido ao efeito da interação genótipos x ambientes. Na existência dessa interação, o estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade fornece subsídios para a seleção dos melhores genótipos. Sendo assim, os genótipos selecionados deverão associar alta produtividade, adaptabilidade às diversas condições ambientais e estabilidade de produção. Objetivou-se avaliar e selecionar pré-cultivares de feijão preto e roxo com base na adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos. Os parâmetros foram estimados por meio de modelos mistos e a seleção pela Média Harmônica da Performance Relativa dos Valores Genotípicos (MHPRVG). Os ambientes infuenciaram na expressão fenotípica dos genótipos de feijão preto e roxo, confgurando adaptação específica. Os genótipos de feijão preto BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403, CNFP 15681 e CNFP 16459 e as linhagens de feijão roxo CNFRx 16340, CNFRx 16346 e CNFRx 16353 apresentaram as melhores performances, considerando-se, simultaneamente, a produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade. O método MHPRVG proporcionou seleção otimizada de genótipos com elevada produtividade de grãos, previsibilidade e responsividade à melhoria do ambiente, e deve ser utilizado como estratégia de seleção de genótipos de feijão para plantios comerciais.

ABSTRACT Selecting the best genotypes is difficult, due to the genotype × environment interaction effect. When this interaction is present, the study of adaptability and stability can provide the selection of the best genotypes. Thus, the selected genotypes should associate high yield, adaptability to diferent environmental conditions, as well as production stability. This study aimed to evaluate and select black and purple bean precultivars based on adaptability, stability and grain yield. The parameters were estimated via mixed models and the selection using the Harmonic Mean of the Relative Performance of Predicted Genetic Values (HMRPGV) method. The environments infuenced the phenotypic expression of the black and purple bean genotypes, characterizing a specific adaptability. The black bean genotypes BRS Esteio, BRS FP 403, CNFP 15681 and CNFP 16459 and the purple bean inbred lines CNFRx 16340, CNFRx 16346 and CNFRx 16353 showed the best performance, when considering, simultaneously, grain yield, adaptability and stability. The HMRPGV method provided an optimized selection of genotypes with high grain yield, predictability and responsiveness to environmental improvements, and should be used as a selection strategy for common bean genotypes for commercial growing.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a variação do teor de açúcar (°Brix) existente entre 95 acessos do banco ativo de germoplasma de capim-elefante da Embrapa Gado de Leite, localizado no campo experimental de Coronel Pacheco. Foram identificados os acessos com maior teor de açúcar, bem como avaliado o efeito da idade da planta sobre a variação da concentração de açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com duas repetições, 95 genótipos, duas idades de planta, 70 e 100 dias de crescimento, e análise do teor de açúcar em duas secções amostradas à 30 cm da base e na metade do colmo. A análise de variância considerou modelo de parcela subdividida no tempo, sendo os acessos, as parcelas e a idade da planta as subparcelas. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott. Observou-se variação no teor de açúcar entre os acessos, porém não foi observado efeito significativo no teor de açúcar devido ao aumento da idade da planta. Entretanto, alguns acessos apresentaram interação significativa com aumento ou redução do teor de açúcar em decorrência do aumento da idade da planta. O acesso de maior média de teor de açúcares entre as duas idades foi BAG80, com 6,96%, e o de menor foi BAG13, com 4,03%.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to estimate sugar content variation (°Brix) in 95 accessions from the elephant grass germplasm active bank of Embrapa Dairy Cattle research center, located in Coronel Pacheco, MG, Brazil. The accessions with the highest sugar content were identified, and the effect of plant age on sugar concentration was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with two replications. Sugar content analysis occurred twice during the growth-cycle (at 70 and 100 days) along two points of the stem, one 30 cm from the base and the other at the midpoint. The analysis of variance considered the split plot model, with accessions as main plots and plant age as subplots. The means were compared using the Scott Knott test. While there was sugar content variation between accessions, increased plant age had no significant effect on the sugar content. However, some accessions did have a significant increase or decrease in sugar content as they aged. The highest and lowest mean sugar content was 6.96% (in the accession BAG80) and 4.03% (in the accession BAG13) °Brix, respectively.

RESUMO A falta de registros sobre as cultivares de feijão-vagem é um dos obstáculos que levaram à lacuna na produtividade e baixo destaque da cultura. Este trabalho teve como objetivo indicar as linhagens de feijão-vagem obtidas pelo Programa de Melhoramento da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) para avaliar seu desempenho quanto ao certificado de proteção de cultivares. O estudo foi conduzido usando delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições em casa de vegetação da Unidade de Apoio à Pesquisa da UENF. Nove linhas candidatas foram comparadas com a cultivar comercial “Topseed Blue Line”, de acordo com 56 descritores estabelecidos pelos National Plant Variety Rights. Todas as linhas se apresentaram homogêneas. A linha L31 forneceu um total de 30 descritores diferentes da cultivar comercial. Para os dados quantitativos adicionados aos testes Distinguibilidade, Homogeneidade e Estabilidade (DHE), foi realizada a análise de variância e o biplot GT gerado pelo software R. Foi observada variabilidade entre os genótipos para todas as características avaliadas, exceto dias até germinação e espessura das sementes. As linhagens que apresentaram melhor desempenho médio foram L6, L7, L10, L11 e L13. Entre essas, as linhas L6 e L11 proporcionaram maior estabilidade.

ABSTRACT The lack of records about snap bean cultivars is one of the obstacles that has led to a yield gap and low prominence of the crop. This work aimed at indicating snap bean lines obtained by the Breeding Program of the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) to assess their performance and to apply for a certificate of plant variety protection. The study was managed using a randomized block design with three replicates in a greenhouse at the Research Support Unit of the UENF. Nine candidate lines were compared to the commercial cultivar “Topseed Blue Line” in accordance with 56 descriptors set by the National Plant Variety Rights. All lines presented themselves as homogeneous. The L31 line provided a total of 30 different descriptors of the commercial cultivar. For the quantitative data added to the Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability, (DUS) tests, the analysis of variance was performed and the GT biplot generated by the R software. Variability was noticed among the genotypes for all assessed traits, excepting days until germination and seed thickness. The lines that showed the best mean performance were L6, L7, L10, L11, and L13. Among those, the L6 and L11 lines provided higher stability.

RESUMO A cultivar de feijão vagem UENF Goytacá, registrada no Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuário e Abastecimento, foi obtida após a geração F6 pelo método de melhoramento Single Seed Descent (SSD). Pertence ao Programa de Melhoramento de feijão vagem da UENF que consiste de mais de uma década de pesquisa com a cultura, objetivando a recomendação de cultivares para as regiões Norte e Noroeste Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Essa cultivar possui hábito de crescimento indeterminado (tipo IV) e porte trepador, características de interesse por atingirem maiores produções. Apresenta dupla aptidão, sendo destinada tanto para o consumo da vagem fresca quanto da vagem seca, com produtividade de grãos desejável, em torno de 4,28 t ha-1. Além de sua versatilidade de uso, possui ciclo e velocidade de desenvolvimento do hábito trepador médio; número médio de vagens equivalente a 83,93; comprimento médio de vagem de 15cm; grau de curvatura fraca a média, e grau de ternura média. Ensaios para o pedido de proteção da cultivar estão sendo concluídos com a finalidade de realizar sua produção e distribuição.

ABSTRACT The snap bean cultivar UENF Goytacá, registered in the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), was obtained from an F6 generation, based on the Single Seed Descent (SSD) method. It belongs to UENF Snap Bean Breeding Program, which has carried out researches on this crop type for more than a decade aiming at developing cultivars for Northern and Northwestern Rio de Janeiro State. This cultivar presents an indeterminate growth (type IV) and climbing habit, traits of interest, because they enable a higher crop yield. The cultivar also presents double suitability since its beans can be consumed both fresh and dry, with a desirable grain yield of approximately 4.28 t ha-1. Besides its versatility of use, this cultivar presents medium cycle and medium speed of the climbing habit, mean number of pods equivalent to 83.93, mean pod length of 15 cm, slight-to-moderate curvature degree, and moderate tenderness degree. The final tests focused on cultivar protection application to enable its production and distribution.

RESUMO: A utilização de modelos mistos na avaliação de cruzamentos dialélicos é uma opção altamente oportuna para a fidedigna predição dos valores genéticos das progênies. Na cultura do pimentão, os híbridos são largamente explorados comercialmente, principalmente por suas características de importância econômica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de híbridos resultantes de um dialelo parcial entre cinco linhagens de pimentão desenvolvidas para o sistema de cultivo hidropônico e dois híbridos simples, utilizando modelos mistos. Foram realizados cruzamentos no esquema de dialelo parcial entre as linhagens (L1B, L6, L7, L18 e L19) e os híbridos simples ‘Valdor’ e ‘Atlantis’. As plantas foram cultivadas em sistema hidropônico com substrato e irrigadas três vezes ao dia com solução nutritiva. Com base em modelos mistos, foram avaliadas as características: diâmetro médio de frutos (DF); comprimento médio de frutos (CF); número médio de frutos por planta (NFP); massa média de frutos (MMF); produção precoce (PP) e massa média de frutos por planta (MFP). A linhagem L6 foi a que expressou maior estimativa de capacidade geral de combinação para MFP, MMF e PP, revelando-se promissora para recomendação. O híbrido triplo que apresentou melhor capacidade específica de combinação para DF, MMF, MFP e PP, foi L6 x ‘Valdor’. Os híbridos triplos foram eficientes para incrementar a produtividade para as características de interesse com a aplicação da modelagem mista.

ABSTRACT: The use of mixed models for evaluating diallel crosses is a highly timely option to the reliable prediction of progeny genetic values. In the sweet pepper crop, hybrids are commercially explored on a large scale, mainly because of their characteristics of economic importance. This study aimed to assess the potential of hybrids obtained from a partial diallel among five sweet pepper lines developed for the hydroponic cultivation system and two simple hybrids, by applying mixed models. It was performed crosses in the partial diallel scheme among the (L1B, L6, L7, L18, and L19) lines and the simple hybrids ‘Valdor’ and ‘Atlantis’. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic system with substrate and irrigated three times a day using nutrient solution. On the basis of mixed models, the following traits were assessed: mean fruit diameter (FD), mean fruit length (FL), mean fruit number per plant (FNP), mean fruit mass (FM), early yield (EYIELD), and mean fruit mass per plant (FMP). The L6 line was the one that showed the highest estimate of general combination capacity for FMP, FM, and EYIELD, proving to be promising for recommendation. The hybrid that provided the best specific combining ability for FD, FM, FMP, and EYIELD was L6 x ‘Valdor’. Triple hybrids were efficient to maximize yield for the traits of interest by the use of the mixed model.

RESUMO A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agroeconômico de duas cultivares de tomate de 'mesa' ('Santa Clara' e 'Siluet'), sob cultivo orgânico e em ambiente protegido. Mediante análise dos custos de produção, da viabilidade econômica e dos riscos do projeto, buscou-se gerar uma proposta agrícola de rentabilidade e com menor impacto socioambiental, visando à agricultura familiar. Para isso, foram calculados os Custos Operacionais e Totais da Produção, o Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). Em seguida, procedeu-se as análises de sensibilidade e de risco econômico. Ambas as cultivares consideradas apresentaram indicadores econômicos satisfatórios para o período analisado. Pelo critério do valor presente líquido, constatou-se viabilidade econômica para quase todas as taxas de desconto (exceto para as taxas de 10 e 12%, no caso da c.v. Santa Clara) e taxas internas de retorno superiores à taxa anual de 6% p.a., a taxa mínima de atratividade considerada. A análise de sensibilidade revelou que o preço recebido e a produtividade são as variáveis de maior interferência sobre a rentabilidade dos projetos, seguidas por custos com embalagens e mão-de-obra. Os riscos econômicos estimados foram relativamente baixos, com probabilidades de 30,31%, no caso do cultivo da 'Santa Clara', e 4,48%, no cultivo da 'Siluet', de serem obtidos VPLs negativos. Assim, conclui-se que a produção orgânica sob cultivo protegido dos tomateiros Siluet e Santa Clara são atividades economicamente viáveis, com destaque para a superioridade agroeconômica da cultivar Siluet.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of two table-tomato cultivars (Santa Clara and Siluet), under organic cultivation and in a protected environment. Through the analysis of production costs, economic viability and project risk, it was sought to generate a proposal for agricultural profitability having less socio-environmental impact on family farming. To achieve that, the Operating and Total Production Costs, Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were calculated. A sensitivity analysis and economic risk analysis were then carried out. Both cultivars under consideration presented satisfactory economic indicators for the period being analysed. Judging by the criterion of Net Present Value, almost all discount rates (except for the rates of 10 and 12% for the Santa Clara cultivar) were found to be economically viable, with internal rates of return higher than the annual rate of 6%, the minimum rate of financial attractiveness considered. The sensitivity analysis revealed that price received and productivity have the greatest interference on project profitability, followed by packaging and labour costs. The estimated economic risk was relatively low, with a probability of obtaining a negative NPV of 30.31% in the case of the 'Santa Clara', and 4.48% for the 'Siluet'. It is therefore concluded that the organic production of 'Siluet' and 'Santa Clara' tomatoes under protected cultivation is an economically viable activity, with emphasis on the agro-economic superiority of the Siluet cultivar.

ABSTRACT The efficient use of fodder and grassland as the basis of animal feed represents a way of raising productivity and reducing production costs. In this scenario, elephant-grass stands out among the most used forages in the intensive animal production systems in the world mainly due to its high productive potential, support capacity and nutritional quality. The purpose of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for the selection of elephant-grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) clones for forage production in two seasons, a period of water restriction and the total period of study. We evaluated 80 accessions of elephant-grass by means of the mixed-models methodology (REML/BLUP). The evaluation of DM yield (DMY) of the different genotypes were executed in edaphoclimatic conditions in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Selegen-REML/BLUP software accomplished the statistical and genetic analyses. It was seen that the DMY trait was with a low estimate of coefficient of genotypic variation (3.08%), which demonstrates possible difficulties with the selection for this trait. Heritability-coefficient estimate was 0.3606 for the dry season and 0.4193 for the total period. Those results were the variation in that trait due to genetic causes. Although those values may not be considered of high magnitude, they are of great interest for the breeding mainly because it is a polygenic trait. In both periods, genotypes 7, 25, 41, 43, 57, 58, 62, 64, 68, and 77 stood out among the others, since it presented the highest genetic gains for DMY, which will enhance progress in the evaluated trait.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar quatro índices de seleção e o método REML/BLUP na avaliação de ganhos genéticos preditos das características de interesse ao programa de melhoramento de feijão-de-vagem da UENF. Foram avaliadas 17 linhagens, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em quatro ambientes, Bom Jesus de Itabapoana-RJ, nos anos 2011 e 2012 e Cambuci-RJ, nos anos 2011 e 2013. Avaliaram-se as características de produtividade de vagens e de grãos, número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem e peso de 100 sementes. Para predição de ganhos, os índices de seleção utilizados, foram Pesek & Baker, Smith & Hazel, Mulamba & Mock, Williams, além da metodologia de REML/BLUP. Entre os índices de seleção testados, Mulamba & Mock foi o que apresentou a melhor distribuição dos ganhos entre as variáveis avaliadas, assim como, os maiores coeficientes de coincidência comparado com REML/BLUP, resultando em 62% para produtividade de grãos e produtividade de vagens por planta. O método REML/BLUP permitiu selecionar linhagens com desempenhos relativos altos e obter ganhos simultâneos entre as características avaliadas, sendo superiores em relação aos índices de seleção testados para a cultura de feijão-de-vagem.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare four selection indexes and REML/BLUP methodology in the evaluation of predicted genetic gains of traits of interest in snap bean breeding program. We evaluated 17 selected lines, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in four environments, Bom Jesus de Itapaboana-RJ, in 2011 and 2012 and Cambuci-RJ, in 2011 and 2013. The evaluated traits were pod and grain productivity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 seeds. For gain prediction, the employed selection indexes were Pesek & Baker, Smith & Hazel, Mulamba & Mock, Williams and REML/BLUP methodology. Among the tested selection indexes, Mulamba & Mock was the one which showed the best gain distribution considering the tested variables, such as the higher coincidence coefficients in comparison to REML/BLUP, resulting in 62% of grain productivity and pod productivity per plant. The REML/BLUP methodology permitted to select lines with high relative performances and obtained simultaneous gains for the evaluated traits, being superior in relation to the tested selection indexes for snap bean crop.

Abstract Pennisetum purpureum Schum. has been a key alternative as an energy source in Brazil because of its higher dry matter accumulation and fiber content. This research aimed to select superior individuals of P. purpureum for energy purposes using among-and-within family selection. The study was carried out in Campos dos Goytacazes- RJ (Brazil), using eight full-sib families. Plants were individually assessed during two pasture cuttings, one in 2014, and another in 2015. The dry matter production (DMP) was correlated with the number of tillers, stem diameter, plant height, and neutral detergent fiber content. Plant selection criteria in both cuts were through direct and indirect selections, and Smith and Hazel index. A joint analysis of variance showed significant differences for all five traits assessed in both cuts. The results achieved with Smith and Hazel index were promising for simultaneous selection of the evaluated traits, favoring selection of superior families and individuals them.

RESUMO: O feijão-vagem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma hortaliça rica em nutrientes, muito apreciada no Brasil, mas pouco estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a natureza das características de interesse e selecionar plantas, para seguir o programa de melhoramento de feijão-vagem, por meio da análise biplot de genótipo x característica. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e 17 genótipos. Foram feitas análise de variância, análise de componentes principais e os gráficos bilots para número de vagem por planta, número de sementes por vagem, número de sementes por planta, peso de sementes por planta, peso de 100 sementes, produtividade de grãos e produtividade de vagem. A análise de variância mostrou existência de variabilidade genética entre os genótipos. Produtividade de grãos, produtividade de vagens e peso de sementes por plantas são altamente correlacionados. O número de sementes por vagem tem correlação negativa com peso de vagem, peso de grãos e peso de sementes por planta. Os genótipos Feltrin e UENF 14-30-3 foram indicadas para obtenção de ganhos para as variáveis produtividade de grãos e produtividade de vagem.

ABSTRACT: The green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a nutrient-rich vegetable much appreciated; although, little studied, in Brazil. The aim of the current study was to investigate the nature of traits of interest, as well as to select plants for the green bean breeding program based on genotype vs. trait biplot analysis. The experiment followed a randomized block design, with 4 repetitions and 17 genotypes. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis and biplot charts were performed to analyze the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, as well as grain and pod yields. The analysis of variance showed genetic variability between genotypes. Grain yield, pod yield and seed weight per plant were highly correlated. The number of seeds per pod was negatively correlated with pod weight, grain weight and with seed weight per plant. Lines Feltrin and UENF 14-30-3 were indicated to increase gains in variables such as grain yield and pod yield.