Abstract This research attempts to determine which are the common practices related to the participation in sport and physical activities within the consumption of harmful substances in adolescents. A descriptive, correlational and transversal design was performed. A total of 1,140 subjects participated in the study (Mean age: 18.75 ± 6.35 years old; gender: male 46.7%, female 53.3%), of wich 790 were undergraduates and 350 non-undergraduates from the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). It was used the Evaluation Questionnaire of the Habits related to the Health (Gil-Madrona, González-Víllora, Pastor-Vicedo, & Fernández-Bustos, 2010). Descriptive analysis revealed that a high percentage of adolescents do not practice sport regularly. The differential analysis showed significant statistical values which relates the sport habit with the tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs consumption. It was concluded that the design and development of programmes which foster physical activity are a need.

Resumen Esta investigación intenta determinar cuáles son las prácticas comunes relacionadas con la participación en actividades deportivas y físicas dentro del consumo de sustancias nocivas en adolescentes. Se realizó un diseño descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Un total de 1.140 sujetos participaron en el estudio (Edad media: 18.75 ± 6.35 años; sexo: 46.7% masculino; 53.3% femenino), de los cuales 790 eran estudiantes universitarios y 350 no universitarios de la comunidad autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (España). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de los Hábitos Relacionados con la Salud (Gil-Madrona, González-Víllora, Pastor-Vicedo, y Fernández-Bustos, 2010). El análisis descriptivo reveló que un alto porcentaje de adolescentes no practica deporte regularmente. El análisis diferencial mostró valores estadísticos significativos que relacionan el hábito deportivo con el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y/o drogas. Se concluyó que el diseño y desarrollo de programas que fomentan la actividad física son una necesidad.

It was our objective to analyze the perceived physical and motor competence in 10- to 13-year-old Spanish children and to validate to the Spanish language and context the questionnaire of Scrabis-Fletcher and Silverman (2010). The perception of competence was analyzed in 27 schools of Albacete (Spain), with a total of 389 boys and 391 girls, whose age ranged from 10 to 13 (average=11.08 and SD=0.43). Different analyses were performed, starting with a forward analysis of the items, using graphics and statistics. After this, an internal consistency study was performed, through Cronbach's alpha, using a multilevel package, version 2.3. Finally, the constructs structure was analyzed through a factorial confirmatory analysis (FCA), which used a Lavaan package, version 0.5-11. The consistency was high as a whole (Cronbach's alpha: 0.74). There was a high correlation between all items, even those from different factors. Regarding the analysis of students´ perceived physical and motor competence, the best values were obtained in the perceptions they had about their teachers and classmates, although they had worse values about their personal experiences. Two questionnaires of 2 and 3 factors, using 7 and 14 items, respectively were established. Therefore, the instrument Perception of Competence in Middle School Physical Education was validated within the Spanish social context. The main practical application is the possibility of using this questionnaire in the PE lessons in Spain to know and increase the perceived physical and motor competence of the children.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of video exercise lessons on changes in primary school students’ perceptions, attitudes towards physical activity, physical self-efficacy, and health-related academic knowledge acquired. The study included 181 primary school students, grades 1-4, consisting of 93 (51.4%) in an experimental group and 88 (48.6%) in a control group (Mage = 8.24 years; SD = 1.10 years). The effects of video exercise were measured by the Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale, which was administered pre- and post-intervention. The experimental group received video exercise intervention every school day for three months. The results indicated significant positive changes in students’ perceptions, attitudes towards physical activity, physical self-efficacy and health-related academic knowledge acquired between pre- and post-intervention in the experimental group. The control group did not experience any positive changes after the period of intervention. The study strongly supports the effectiveness of the video exercise program.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue explorar los efectos de sesiones de ejercicio en video sobre los cambios en las percepciones y actitudes de los estudiantes de educación primaria hacia la actividad física, la autoeficacia física y el conocimiento académico adquirido relacionado con la salud. El estudio incluyó a 181 estudiantes de educación primaria, de primer a cuarto curso, de los cuales 93 (51.4%) constituyeron el grupo experimental y 88 (48.6%) el grupo control (Medad = 8.24; DT = 1.10 años). Los efectos de la intervención mediante sesiones de ejercicio en video fueron medidos mediante la Escala de Actitudes Hacia la Actividad Física, que se administró en el pretest y el postest. El grupo experimental llevó a cabo la intervención mediante las sesiones de ejercicio en vídeo todos los días escolares durante tres meses. Tras la intervención, se encontraron mejoras significativas en el grupo experimental en las percepciones y actitudes de los estudiantes hacia la actividad física, en su autoeficacia física y en el conocimiento académico adquirido relacionado con la salud. En el grupo control no se produjeron mejoras tras el periodo de intervención. El estudio apoya firmemente la efectividad del programa de ejercicios en video.

Abstract Stressful situations, performance pressure, and setbacks are part of contemporary organizational life. The dynamic nature of technological advances and globalisation of business leads to tougher competitive pressures and constant change. People’s responses to these challenging circumstances vary widely. Some bounce back and adapt to increasing challenges and adversity, others’ healthy functioning is significantly impaired. Even though resilience is recognised as a crucial issue in the workplace, the rates of new cases of work-related stress and depression have remained broadly flat for more than 10 years. Resilience research within Applied Psychology typically focuses on the psychological domain of a person’s functioning. This means that also resilience trainings or interventions focus on only one area. The present paper aims to build a comprehensive conceptualization of workplace resilience ultimately to assist in informing targeted intervention and in developing a model to move the research area forward as a whole. A cross-disciplinary understanding of and approach to individual resilience in the workplace would allow to better understand the mechanism of why some people bounce back from adverse events whereas others’ well-being declines. We propose a resilience framework with antecedents considering psychological (cognitive and emotional) and physiological correlates (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and metabolic).

Resumen Las situaciones estresantes, la presión laboral y los contratiempos son parte de la organización de la vida contemporánea. La naturaleza dinámica de los avances tecnológicos y la globalización del comercio conduce a mayores presiones competitivas y a un cambio constante. Las respuestas de las personas a estas complejas circunstancias son muy diferentes. Algunos se recuperan y se adaptan a los nuevos retos y adversidades, mientras que otros ven su salud seriamente afectada. Aunque la resiliencia es reconocida como un asunto crucial en el lugar de trabajo, la prevalencia de casos de estrés laboral y depresión se ha mantenido constante durante más de diez años. La investigación en resiliencia dentro de la Psicología Aplicada normalmente se ha centrado en el aspecto psicológico del funcionamiento de la persona. Por tanto, los entrenamientos o intervenciones para mejorar la resiliencia se han centrado solo en un área. El objetivo de este artículo es construir una conceptualización comprensiva de la resiliencia en el lugar de trabajo, a fin de ayudar al diseño de intervenciones específicas y desarrollar un modelo para avanzar en el área de investigación en su conjunto. Una comprensión y un enfoque interdisciplinar de la resiliencia individual en el lugar de trabajo permitiría comprender mejor el mecanismo de por qué algunas personas se recuperan de eventos adversos, mientras que el bienestar de otros disminuye. Proponemos un enfoque de la resiliencia que tenga en cuenta aspectos psicológicos (cognitivos y emocionales) y fisiológicos (cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales y metabólicos).

This paper focuses on studying the effects of a physical activity program on body image of a group of schoolchildren with ADHD. This investigation involved 12 students (12 boys), aged between 7 and 12 years. The body image was measured by Stunkard's silhouettes. The procedure was as follows: pre-test, intervention and post-test. The intervention consisted of 2 days per week of physical activity, 60 minutes per day, during 12 weeks. There have been significant improvements in body image (p=0,039). The program used is effective to improve the body image of children with ADHD.

Este artigo centra-se em estudar os efeitos de um programa de actividade física sobre a imagem corporal de um grupo de escolares com TDAH. Têm participado 12 escolares (12 meninos), entre os 7 e os 12 anos de idade. A imagem corporal mediu-se mediante as silhuetas de Stunkard. O procedimento tem sido: pré-teste, intervenção e pos-teste. A intervenção tem consistido em 2 dias à semana de actividade física, 60 minutos ao dia, durante 12 semanas. Produziram-se melhoras significativas na imagem corporal (p=0,039). O programa utilizado é eficaz para melhorar a imagem corporal de meninos com TDAH.

Este artículo se centra en estudiar los efectos de un programa de actividad física sobre la imagen corporal de un grupo de escolares con TDAH. Han participado 12 escolares (12 niños), entre los 7 y los 12 años de edad. La imagen corporal se ha medido mediante las siluetas de Stunkard. El procedimiento ha sido: pre-test, intervención y pos-test. La intervención ha consistido en 2 días a la semana de actividad física, 60 minutos al día, durante 12 semanas. Se han producido mejoras significativas en la imagen corporal (p=0,039). El programa utilizado es eficaz para mejorar la imagen corporal de niños con TDAH.

Foram analisadas as correlações entre a configuração dos remos de caiaquistas, suas medidas antropométricas (altura, altura sentado e envergadura) e as variáveis cinemáticas, frequência de ciclo média (FCM), comprimento do ciclo médio (LCM) e rendimento em distância, a partir de um teste máximo de 500m, realizado pelas componentes da equipe nacional espanhola juvenil feminina. Os dados cinemáticos foram obtidos pela digitalização das filmagens de cada um dos testes. Do estudo se depreende que existe correlação entre o comprimento do remo (LP) e o tamanho dos remadores, e não entre a LP, porém entre o tamanho sentado e a envergadura. Não existe correlação entre a LP e a FCM, mas sim entre a LP e a LCM. A exigência física requerida do caiaquista (DP) não mostra correlação com nenhuma das variáveis cinemáticas estudadas.

We examined the correlations between the configuration of the kayak paddle, anthropometric measurements of the kayakers (height, sitting height and arm span) and the kinematic variables average frequency cycle (FCM), average length of cycle (LCM) and performance in the distance, about 500 m. test in the components of the female Spanish Junior National Team. Kinematic variables were obtained after digitizing the video test. The study shows that there is correlation between the length of the paddle (LP) and the height of paddlers, and not between the LP and other anthropometric variables such as sitting height and wingspan. There is no correlation between the LP and FCM, but there are between LP and LCM. The hardness of the paddle (DP) shows no correlation with any of the kinematic variables studied.

Se analizaron las correlaciones entre la configuración de la pala en kayakistas, sus medidas antropométricas (talla, talla sentado y envergadura) y las variables cinemáticas frecuencia de ciclo media (FCM), longitud de ciclo medio (LCM) y rendimiento en la distancia, sobre un test máximo de 500m. realizado por las componentes del equipo nacional español dama juvenil. Los datos cinemáticos se obtuvieron tras digitalizar las filmaciones de cada uno de los test. Este estudio sugiere que existe correlación entre la longitud de la pala (LP) y la talla de los palistas, y no entre la LP y la talla sentado o la envergadura. No existe correlación entre la LP y la FCM, pero sí se entre LP y LCM. La dureza de la pala (DP) no muestra correlación con ninguna de las variables cinemáticas estudiadas.