ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of text messaging in improving adherence to occlusion therapy for amblyopia. The secondary objective was to correlate the responses given in a self-reporting questionnaire with treatment outcome (improvement in visual acuity). Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. The patients’ parents or legal guardians in the intervention group received text messages reminding them of the importance of patching. The control group received no text messages. At final evaluation, after a period of three to six months, the patients’ parents or legal guardians answered a self-reporting questionnaire to evaluate adherence to treatment. Results: The study included 34 patients with an average age of 5.35 years, 20 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group. According to the results of the self-reporting questionnaire, 50% of the study population was considered as having low adherence to treatment, 29% as having medium adherence, and 21% as having good adherence. There was no significant difference between trial groups. The comparison between an improvement in visual acuity and the mean value obtained in the self-reporting questionnaire showed a significant association between this improvement and adherence to treatment (p=0.03). Conclusion: The present study did not find a correlation between text messaging and an improvement in adherence to occlusion therapy, as shown by previous studies for different treatments. A statistically significant association was identified between an improvement in visual acuity and a good therapeutic adherence, as measured by the self-reporting questionnaire. This finding allows us to recommend using a self-reporting questionnaire as a simple method to measure adherence to treatment and help decisions about therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the patient's continuing treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do envio de mensagens de texto na melhora da adesão ao tratamento oclusivo da ambliopia. O objetivo secundário foi correlacionar as respostas dadas no questionário autorreportado e os resultados obtidos no tratamento (melhora da acuidade visual). Métodos: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, mascarado e randomizado. Os pais ou responsáveis legais dos pacientes no grupo intervenção receberam mensagens de texto para lembrar a importância dos oclusores. O grupo controle não recebeu mensagens. Na avaliação geral após 3 a 6 meses, os responsáveis responderam a um questionário autorreportado para avaliar a aderência ao tratamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 34 pacientes com idade média de 5,35 anos; 20 eram do grupo intervenção. A população do estudo foi considerada 50% pouco aderente ao tratamento, 29% com aderência média e 21% com boa aderência, de acordo com resultado do questionário autorreportado. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados. Quando comparada a relação entre a melhora da acuidade visual com o valor médio do questionário autorreportado, foi observada associação significativa da melhora com a adesão ao tratamento (p=0,03). Conclusão: Este estudo não mostrou melhora da aderência ao tratamento oclusivo com o envio de mensagens de texto, como tinha sido observado em estudos anteriores para outros tratamentos. Foi identificada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a melhora na acuidade visual e boa aderência terapêutica medida pelo questionário autorreportado. Isso permite recomendar o uso do questionário autorreportado como uma forma simples de mensurar aderência ao tratamento e auxiliar nas decisões sobre estratégias a serem adotadas na continuidade do seguimento do paciente.

Abstract: Currently, technology is a challenge which is rapidly changing the Software Development process, and it is also evolving within the field of Software Engineering itself. In this article, the authors present an adaptation of multiple methodologies and processes in Software Engineering, applied specifically to Web Developments. The Personal Software Process (originally designed by [5]) was developed for the known third generation languages; however, it has been adapted to our current world in such a way that companies are still certified in this process in order to develop software. Throughout twenty-five projects developed using this process combined with (1) Modular Programming (2) Model View Controller and (3) Agile Methodologies, an adaptation in the process has been achieved in each development. Additionally, the results presented are not only the adaptation to the application in Web Development, but also the incorporation and modification of the activities to carry out to guarantee the quality of the process and the finished product.

Resumo A padronização é um princípio da gestão com vistas à redução da variabilidade no processo de produção por meio de um conjunto de regras que determinam de que maneira uma tarefa deve ser executada. No entanto, há uma convergência para a ideia de que parcelas do trabalho, não previstas nos padrões formais, emergem mediante adaptações realizadas pelos próprios operadorese são boas soluções ante os propósitos da padronização. O objetivo deste artigo é entender a natureza dessas parcelas do trabalho na construção civil e categorizá-las por meio de constructos que representem sua taxonomia. Com base na abordagem do Design Science Research, foram realizados: um estudo exploratório em uma empresa de montagem e instalação de móveis planejados, um estudo empírico (EE1) na atividade de assentamento de pisos e azulejos, e um estudo de avaliação (EE2) na montagem de formas de pilar. O estudo exploratório propiciou a caracterização inicial dessas parcelas do trabalho. No EE1, identificou-se os constructos que explicam a natureza e a taxonomia dessas parcelas do trabalho, denominadas padrões emergentes (PE). Os constructos identificados foram facilitação da ação e precaução, com seus desdobramentos, demonstrando a variedade de situações em que os PE podem ser identificados. Por fim, no EE2, foram validados os resultados.

Abstract Standardisation is a management tool aimed at reducing variability in the production process through a set of rules that determine how a task must be performed. However, there are convergent ideas that parts of the work, not foreseen in the formal standards, emerge through adaptations carried out by the operators themselves andare good solutions for the purposes of standardization. The aim of this article is to understand the nature of these parts of work in construction and to categorize them through a set of constructs that represent their taxonomy. Based on the Design Science Research approach, were carried:an exploratory study developed in a company that assembles and installs custom furniture, an empirical study (EE1) occurred on the activity of laying floors and tiles, and an evaluation study (EE2) carried out on the assembly of pillar’s forms. The first study provided an initial characterization of these parts of the work. The constructs that explain the nature and taxonomy of these parts of the work were identified in the EE1. These parts of the work are called emerging standards (ES). The constructs identified were facilitation of actions and precaution, which were subdivided demonstrating the variety of situations in which ESs can be identified. Finally, the results were validatedin the EE2.

Abstract The advance of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has forced the Latin America and the Caribbean countries to close the door of educational institutions at the preschool, elementary and Junior High School levels. In Mexico, public and private universities were also closed. For this reason, it is important to carry out a diagnosis of the impact of confinement and social distancing measures. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on the academic performance and emotional health of the student population of the School of Natural Sciences (ESCN) from the Autonomous Guerrero State University, within the context of the transition from face-to-face education to an online educational model. The study was conducted on a sample of 88 students by applying an online survey. The results of the study show that 53.4% of the respondents have a comfortable space to attend their online classes, but only 25% have a sufficiently pleasant environment to achieve the concentration necessary for effective learning, 52.3% have the materials necessary to carry out their activities, 26.1% have contact with the teacher and 56.8% only have contact with a classmate to answer questions about the course, 43.2% have a digital device with poor connectivity, 27.3% have a good connectivity, and 3.4% do not have a computer nor internet access, 23.9% have no adequate space to carry out their activities, 15.9% has not enough training on digital skills and 14.8% do not have a computer, which reflects an unpromising scenario since, 28.4% of all those surveyed have little contact with the teacher almost always and 10.2% almost never. According to these results, it is concluded that the factors that put the continuity of education at risk are: The lack of a computer, limited access to the Internet, limited interactivity by teachers with students and the performance of extracurricular activities to support the family economy, which highlights the technological gap between the different geographic regions.

Resumen El avance de la covid-19, ocasionada por el virus Sars-CoV-2, obligó a los países de América Latina y el Caribe a cerrar la puerta de las instituciones educativas en los niveles de preescolar, primaria y secundaria. En México, se cerraron también las universidades públicas y privadas; por esta razón, es importante hacer un diagnóstico del impacto de las medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento social. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la covid-19 en el desempeño académico y en la salud emocional de la población estudiantil de la Escuela de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, en el contexto de la transición de la educación presencial a un modelo de educación en línea. Los resultados del estudio muestran que 53.4 % de los encuestados disponen de un espacio cómodo para atender sus clases en línea, pero solo 25 % cuenta con un ambiente suficientemente agradable para lograr la concentración necesaria para un aprendizaje efectivo, 52.3 % cuenta con los materiales necesarios para la realización de sus actividades, 26.1 % tiene contacto con el profesor y 56.8 % solo tiene contacto con algún compañero de grupo para resolver las dudas del curso, Asimismo, 43.2 % tiene un dispositivo digital con mala conectividad, 27.3 % con una buena conexión, y 3.4 % no tiene computadora ni conexión a internet; igualmente, 23.9 % carece de un espacio adecuado para realizar sus actividades, 15.9 % no está capacitado en materia de competencias digitales y 14.8 % no tiene computadora, lo que refleja un escenario poco promisorio, puesto que 28.4 % de los encuestados tienen poco contacto con el profesor y 10.2 % casi nunca. De acuerdo con estos resultados, se concluye que los factores que ponen en riesgo la continuidad de la educación son la carencia de una computadora, el acceso limitado a internet, la limitada interactividad por parte de los profesores con los alumnos y el desempeño de actividades extracurriculares prioritarias para apoyar la economía familiar, lo cual pone de relieve la brecha tecnológica entre las diferentes regiones geográficas.

Resumo O avanço da covid-19, causado pelo vírus Sars-CoV-2, obrigou os países da América Latina e do Caribe a fechar as portas das instituições de ensino nos níveis pré-escolar, primário e secundário. No México, as universidades públicas e privadas também foram fechadas; Por esse motivo, é importante diagnosticar o impacto das medidas de confinamento e distanciamento social. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da covid-19 no desempenho acadêmico e na saúde emocional da população estudantil da Faculdade de Ciências Naturais da Universidade Autônoma de Guerrero, no contexto da transição do presencial educação. a um modelo de educação online. Os resultados do estudo mostram que 53,4% dos entrevistados possuem um espaço confortável para assistir suas aulas online, mas apenas 25% possuem um ambiente agradável o suficiente para atingir a concentração necessária para um aprendizado eficaz, 52,3% possuem os materiais necessários para carregar fora de suas atividades, 26,1% têm contato com o professor e 56,8% só têm contato com um colega para tirar dúvidas sobre o curso. Da mesma forma, 43,2% possuem dispositivo digital com conectividade ruim, 27,3% com boa conexão. não possuir computador ou conexão com a internet; Da mesma forma, 23,9% carecem de espaço adequado para realizar suas atividades, 15,9% não são formados em habilidades digitais e 14,8% não possuem computador, o que reflete um cenário pouco promissor, pois 28,4% dos entrevistados têm pouco contato com o professor e 10,2% quase nunca. De acordo com esses resultados, conclui-se que os fatores que colocam em risco a continuidade do ensino são a falta de computador, acesso limitado à Internet, interatividade limitada dos professores com os alunos e a realização de atividades extracurriculares. economia familiar, o que evidencia o fosso tecnológico entre as diferentes regiões geográficas.

Resumen Existen escasas comunicaciones de infecciones por Enterobacter cancerogenus. Aunque ha sido aislado en heridas contaminadas asociadas a traumas, también ha sido reportado como agente etiológico en una amplia variedad de otras infecciones, siendo infrecuente la presencia de bacteriemia. Presentamos el primer caso reportado en Chile de una bacteriemia causada por este microorganismo, en un varón de 28 años con una fractura de pelvis estable debido a un accidente de tránsito de alta energía. Tuvo una buena respuesta clínica al tratamiento con ertapenem.

Abstract There are few cases reports of Enterobacter cancerogenus infections. Although it has been isolated in contaminated wounds associated with trauma, it has also been reported as an etiological agent in a wide variety of other infections, with the presence of bacteremia being infrequent. We present the first case reported in Chile of a bacteremia caused by this agent, in a 28-year-old patient with a stable pelvic fracture due a high-energy traffic accident. He had a good clinical response to treatment with ertapenem.

ABSTRACT The Big Data phenomenon has imposed maturity on companies regarding the exploration of their data, as a prerogative to obtain valuable insights into their clients and the power of analysis to guide decision-making processes. Therefore, a general approach that describes how to extract knowledge for the execution of the business strategy needs to be established. The purpose of this research paper is to introduce and evaluate the implementation of a process for the experimental development of Data Mining (DM), AI and Data Science applications aligned with the strategic planning. A case study with the proposed process was conducted in a federal educational institution. The results generated evidence showing that it is possible to integrate a strategic alignment approach, an experimental method, and a methodology for the development of DM applications. Data Mining (DM) and Data Science (DS) applications also present the risks of other Information Systems, and the adoption of strategy-driven and scientific method processes are critical success factors. Moreover, it was possible to conclude that the application of the scientific method was facilitated, besides being an important tool to ensure the quality, reproducibility and transparency of intelligent applications. In conclusion, the process needs to be mapped to foment and guide the strategic alignment.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a importância da comunidade greco-melquita católica na mobilização de dinâmicas identitárias dos cristãos libaneses. Os resultados deste estudo estão baseados no trabalho de campo realizado no Líbano entre 2014 e 2018 por meio da observação participante em igrejas e monastérios. Por meio de suas vésperas, missas e orações, o clero dessa confissão coloca em prática as prescrições de sua tradição ritual, construída com base na combinação entre os elementos associados a referenciais opostos do cristianismo, principalmente o bizantino e o latino. Tal característica associada à qualidade da performance em termos disciplinares, estéticos e/ou emocionais, faz com que a com que essa comunidade religiosa consiga atrair para os seus espaços sagrados membros de diferentes confissões cristãs. A consequência disso é a mobilização de uma série de referenciais identitários como a identidade melquita, a católica, a bizantina ou então a genérica cristã nos discursos dos participantes dos rituais.

Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the role of the Greek-Melkite Community in mobilizing identity dynamics among Lebanese Christians. The results of this study are based on fieldwork conducted in Lebanon between 2014 and 2018 through participant observation in churches and monasteries. Through its vespers, masses and prayer services, the clergy of this confession put into practice the prescriptions of its ritual tradition, built from the combination of elements from opposite references of Christianity mainly the Byzantine and the Latin. This factor in addition to the quality of these performances in disciplinary, aesthetic and / or emotional terms, help to attract both melkites and other Christians to these churches and monasteries. Therefore, it is possible to recognize the presence of several identity references such as the Melkite, Catholic, Byzantine or the generic Christian identity within the participants’discourses.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Estimar a prevalência de noctúria e identificar fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, clínicos e de estilo de vida associados ao sintoma em uma população comunitária. MÉTODO Estudo transversal em indivíduos com 45 anos ou mais. Foram obtidas informações demográficas, socioeconômicas, sobre noctúria, outros sintomas urinários, exame físico, comorbidades e estilo de vida. As análises foram feitas separadamente de acordo com o gênero e com o número de micções noturnas (≥1 vez e ≥2 vezes). RESULTADOS Dentre os 661 indivíduos incluídos, 62,3% eram mulheres. Entre elas, a prevalência de noctúria ≥1 vez e ≥2 vezes foi, respectivamente, de 68,4% e 49%, enquanto entre os homens foi de 64,3% e 43,8%. Entre as mulheres, a noctúria ≥1 mostrou associação com cor da pele parda, maior IMC, baixa escolaridade e uso de bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio (BCC), enquanto noctúria ≥2 vezes mostrou associação com maior IMC, baixa escolaridade, apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) e uso de BCC. Entre os homens, a noctúria ≥1 vez esteve associada positivamente com idade, ingestão de álcool e AOS, e negativamente com uso de bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina e de beta-bloqueadores. Além disso, noctúria ≥2 vezes associou-se a idade, não ter plano de saúde e AOS. CONCLUSÕES A noctúria é uma condição altamente prevalente na população estudada. Para as mulheres, IMC elevado, baixa escolaridade e uso de BCC estiveram associados com noctúria independente da definição, enquanto que, para os homens, a mesma associação foi identificada com idade, não ter plano de saúde e AOS.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of nocturia and identify factors associated with it in a community-dwelling population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in subjects aged 45 years or more and registered with a Family Doctor Program. Information was collected about nocturia, other urinary symptoms, physical examination, co-morbidities, demographics, socio-economic, and lifestyle factors. Multiple logistics regression models were developed to analyze associated factors for nocturia according to gender and the number of nocturnal micturitions(≥1 and ≥2). RESULTS Out of the 661 individuals included in the study, 62.3% were women. Among the women, the prevalence rates for nocturia ≥1 time and ≥2 times were, respectively, 68.4% and 49%, whereas, among the men, they were 64.3% and 43.8%. Among the women, nocturia ≥1 time was associated with brown skin, a higher BMI, lower schooling, and calcium channel blockers(CCB) use, while nocturia ≥2 times showed association with higher BMI, lower schooling, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and the use of CCB. Among the men, nocturia ≥1 time was associated positively with age, alcohol intake, and OSA, and negatively with angiotensin receptor blockers and beta-blockers use. Besides, nocturia ≥2 times was associated with age, not having health insurance, and OSA. CONCLUSIONS Nocturia is a condition highly prevalent in the studied population. For the female subjects, a higher BMI, lower schooling, and the use of CCB were associated with nocturia regardless of the definition used, whereas, among the men, that same association was found with age, not having health insurance, and OSA.

RESUMO Introdução: As mamas e o abdômen passam por grandes modificações morfológicas com perdas ponderais maciças. A mamoplastia de aumento é um dos procedimentos mais realizados na cirurgia plástica, ao contrário da abdominoplastia reversa, pouco descrita. Porém, em pacientes com flacidez abdominal superior que desejam o aumento mamário, a mamoplastia de aumento por meio da abdominoplastia reversa (AMBRA) torna possível o aprimoramento das mamas e do contorno abdominal simultaneamente. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever um caso de mamoplastia de aumento e mastopexia utilizando retalho em cambalhota a partir de abdominoplastia reversa. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, parda, com história de perda ponderal maciça e com mamoplastia redutora e abdominoplastia prévias, evoluiu com ptose mamária e lipodistrofia em abdômen superior. Foi submetida à abdominoplastia reversa com utilização do retalho dermogorduroso epigástrico para projeção da mama. A paciente apresentou boa evolução pós-operatória, com resultado cirúrgico satisfatório. Discussão: As perdas ponderais maciças podem resultar em deformidades nas mamas e no abdômen que exigem cirurgias reparadoras. A remodelação mamária é difícil e pode exigir a utilização de tecidos adjacentes. A abdominoplastia, por sua vez, é a técnica mais consagrada para o rejuvenescimento do tronco; entretanto, quando a flacidez atinge principalmente o abdômen superior, a abdominoplastia reversa torna-se uma opção. Em casos em que o desejo de mamoplastia de aumento se associa ao excesso de volume supraumbilical, deve-se considerar a AMBRA. A mamoplastia de aumento por meio da abdominoplastia reversa revelou ser uma técnica viável neste caso, com resultado final satisfatório. Introdução plástica descrita Porém mamário AMBRA (AMBRA simultaneamente Caso feminino parda prévias mama pósoperatória, pósoperatória pós operatória, operatória pós-operatória satisfatório Discussão reparadoras adjacentes vez tronco entretanto tornase opção supraumbilical devese deve

ABSTRACT Introduction: The breasts and abdomen undergo significant morphological changes with massive weight loss. Breast augmentation is one of the most commonly performed procedures in plastic surgery, unlike reverse abdominoplasty, which has been little described. However, in patients with upper abdominal flaccidity who want breast augmentation, breast augmentation through reverse abdominoplasty (AMBRA) makes it possible to improve the breasts and abdominal contour simultaneously. This work aims to describe a case of breast augmentation and mastopexy using a somersault flap from reverse abdominoplasty. Case Report: Female patient, brown, with a history of massive weight loss and previous mammoplasty and abdominoplasty, evolved with breast ptosis and lipodystrophy in the upper abdomen. She underwent reverse abdominoplasty using an epigastric dermofat flap for breast projection. The patient had a good postoperative evolution, with satisfactory surgical results. Discussion: Massive weight loss can result in deformities in the breasts and abdomen that require reparative surgery. Breast remodeling is arduous and may require the use of adjacent tissues. Abdominoplasty, in turn, is the most established technique for rejuvenating the trunk; however, when sagging mainly affects the upper abdomen, reverse abdominoplasty becomes an option. In cases where the desire for breast augmentation is associated with excess supraumbilical volume, AMBRA should be considered. Breast augmentation using reverse abdominoplasty proved to be a viable technique in this case, with a satisfactory final result. Introduction surgery described However (AMBRA simultaneously Report brown projection evolution results Discussion tissues Abdominoplasty turn trunk however option volume considered

Resumen Introducción: los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos son fundamentales para mejorar los resultados clínicos de los pacientes. Objetivos: determinar el impacto en el consumo de amikacina y ceftriaxona, además de cambios de sensibilidad de las principales bacterias en la unidad de emergencias del hospital Carlos van Buren de Valparaíso, Chile, luego de la implementación de una guía para el tratamiento de la ITU alta. Materiales y método: estudio cuasi-experimental antes/después. Se implementó una guía de tratamiento para la ITU alta, la cual fue enviada vía WhatsApp a los médicos de la unidad. Luego se midieron las dosis diarias definidas (DDD) de amikacina y ceftriaxona y se compararon con las DDD de los mismos meses del año anterior. Además se extrajo la sensibilidad de E.coli, K. pneumonia y P.mirabilis aisladas de urocultivos. Resultados: posterior a la intervención hubo un aumento de las DDD de amikacina y una disminución de las de ceftriaxona. K.pneumoniae mantuvo su sensibilidad a amikacina y la aumentó para cefotaxima, ertapenem y meropenem. Conclusiones: la implementación de una guía de tratamiento de la ITU alta aumentó el consumo de amikacina y disminuyó el de ceftriaxona. K.pneumoniae aumentó su sensibilidad a cefotaxima, ertapenem y meropenem.

Abstract Introduction: different antimicrobial stewardship programs are fundamental to improve clinical results in patients. Objectives: to determine the impact on amikacin and ceftriaxone consumption, in addition to knowing changes in sensitivity of the main agents in the emergency unit of the Carlos van Buren Hospital in Valparaíso, Chile, after the implementation of a treatment guide for pyelonephritis. Materials and methods: quasi-experimental before/after study. A treatment guide was implemented for pyelonephritis. The guide was sent by WhatsApp to all clinicians in the emergency unit. Following the intervention, amikacin and ceftriaxone defined daily dose (DDD) were measured and compared with the DDD for the same months of the previous year. In addition, the sensitivity of E.coli, K. pneumonia and P.mirabilis isolated from urine cultures was extracted. Results: after the intervention there was a sustained increase of the DDD of amikacin and a decrease in the DDD of ceftriaxone in the months studied period. K. pneumoniae maintained its sensitivity to amikacin and increased it to cefotaxime, ertapenem, and meropenem. Conclusions: The guide’s implementation for treatment of high UTI in the emergency unit of the Carlos van Buren hospital increased the consumption of amikacin and decreased that of ceftriaxone. K. pneumoniae increased its sensitivity to cefotaxime, ertapenem and meropenem.

ABSTRACT Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson, Verbenaceae, is considered a great source of a bioactive volatile oil. Due to the wide range of known chemotypes, its chemical analysis is very important. Among the several activities of this volatile oil, a potential larvicidal action against Culicidae species is highlighted. However, the low water miscibility of volatile oils limits their application in aqueous media. Oil in water nano-emulsions are in the spotlight of novelty to solve this main problem. Thus, the aim of the present study was to obtain this nanostructured system with L. alba volatile oil (citral chemotype) and evaluate its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The major compounds were geranial (30.02%) and neral (25.26%). Low mean droplet size (117.0 ± 1.0 nm) and low polydispersity index (0.231 ± 0.004) were observed and no major changes were observed after seven days of storage. LC50 values against C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti third-instar larvae were respectively 38.22 and 31.02 ppm, while LC90 values were, respectively, 59.42 and 47.19 ppm. The present study makes use of a low energy, solvent-free and ecofriendly method with reduced costs. Thus, this paper contributes significantly to phyto-nanobiotechnology of larvicidal agents, opening perspectives for the utilization of L. alba volatile oil in integrated practices of vector control.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o desenvolvimento de ações comunitárias de saúde sob a ótica do usuário. Métodos: estudo descritivo realizado em um munícipio de pequeno porte no sul do Brasil em 2017, com 639 residentes, de ambos os sexos e alfabetizados. A amostra foi calculada de forma ponderada por bairros, ruas e faixa etária, e a coleta de dados realizada por 25 agentes comunitárias, distribuídas nas 6 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). O instrumento de pesquisa abrangeu questões concernentes a existência e conhecimento do usuário sobre atividades comunitárias de educação em saúde. Os dados foram analisados através do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22,0. Resultados: 76,3% identificam realização de ações comunitárias frequentes em relação à saúde; destas, 67,3% com atuação do enfermeiro e 70% dos agentes comunitários de saúde; acerca das ações, 63,6% afirmam que elas estimulam o sujeito a refletir sobre sua condição de saúde e doença, 62,5% sobre autocuidado, 66% medidas de proteção à saúde e 56,4% acreditam que essas ações influenciam a mudança de comportamento das pessoas. Conclusão: na perspectiva dos usuários, as atividades desenvolvidas atendem sua expectativa sobre ações comunitárias relacionadas à promoção da saúde; também demonstram ter conhecimento da realização destas ações desenvolvidas no município com abrangência significativa sobre a efetividade das ações para mudanças de hábitos. No entanto, os dados demonstram atividades centralizadas que necessitam de uma ressignificação da prática por meio de educação continuada sobre promoção da saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the development of community health actions from the user’s perspective. Methods: a descriptive study carried out in a small city in the south of Brazil, in 2017, with 639 literate residents of both genders. The sample was calculated in a weighted system by neighborhoods, streets and age group, and data were collected by 25 community health workers, distributed into 6 Basic Health Units (UBS). The research instrument included questions about the existence and the awareness of the user about community health education activities. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. Results: 76.3% of the participants identified frequent community health actions; of these, 67.3% had a nurse present and 70%, a community health workers. 63.6% of the participants thought these actions stimulate the population to reflect on their health and illness, 62.5% self-care, 66% health protection measures and 56.4%, believed that these actions influence behavioral changes. Conclusion: from the perspective of the user, the activities developed fulfilled their expectations about community actions related to health promotion; the results also show that the participants are aware of the actions developed in the city and their significant effectiveness for habits changes. However, the data demonstrate centralized activities that require a re-signification of practices through permanent education on health promotion.

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of some neglected diseases, including dengue. It is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness of vector control with low toxicity. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that modulates the development of some insects. The low water solubility of quercetin impairs the development of water-dispersible commercial products. To circumvent this problem, the preparation of nanoformulations is considered promising. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bulk and quercetin nanosuspension against A. aegypti larvae and also to investigate their ecotoxicity. Quercetin nanosuspension was produced by a solvent displacement method followed by solvent evaporation and was maintained in two different temperatures (4 and 25 ºC). Its size distribution and zeta potential were monitored along 30 days. The influence of quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin was investigated at various concentrations against A. aegypti and the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The quercetin nanosuspension presented higher stability at 4 ºC and negative zeta potential values. Quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin adversely affected the larvae development, especially at the highest concentrations. Larvae mortality was between 44% and 100% (48 h) for quercetin nanosuspension at 100 and 500 ppm, respectively. The bulk-quercetin induced around 50% mortality regardless the concentration used at this same time-period. Absence of emerging mosquitoes from water was observed on the survival larvae of all the treated groups. Quercetin nanosuspension was less toxic than bulk-quercetin against C. vulgaris, especially at higher concentrations. These data indicate that quercetin nanosuspension may represent a potential larvicide for A. aegypti control, once they induced larvae death and inhibited the survival ones to emerge from water. In addition, it did not demonstrated ecotoxicity against a non-target organism, highlighting its better properties, when compared to the bulk-quercetin.

Resumen Los sistemas silvopastoriles constituyen una modalidad de sistemas agroforestales basada en la producción integrada entre árboles, plantas forrajeras y rumiantes. Cuando estos sistemas son bien planeados y conducidos, permiten explotar las sinergias entre los componentes, proporcionando ventajas económicas, para el bienestar animal y la prestación de servicios ambientales. La presencia de cubiertas arbóreas aumenta la humedad y posibilita una menor amplitud de variación térmica tanto del aire como del suelo, condiciones que mejoran el microclima para el crecimiento de plantas forrajeras y animales. La mayoría de los cultivos arbóreos establecidos en Uruguay son de alta densidad y destinados prioritariamente para la producción de pulpa o madera para aserrío, condiciones que restringen la cantidad y calidad de radiación fotosintéticamente activa disponible para el sotobosque. De esa manera, no ocurre una satisfactoria producción de forraje a lo largo de los años, aspecto que determina que la integración con la ganadería sea temporaria. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar el conocimiento generado en los sistemas silvopastoriles que se han establecido en Uruguay, sus aspectos críticos, experiencias internacionales y las oportunidades y desafíos para la investigación y transferencia de tecnología en Uruguay. Destacamos la necesidad de creación de sistemas planeados en forma conjunta con los destinatarios de esta tecnología y otras instituciones de investigación, fomento y desarrollo, para evaluar los diferentes componentes y sus interacciones en el largo plazo, además de determinar su impacto productivo y económico, valorando adecuadamente los posibles servicios ambientales.

Summary Silvopastoral systems constitute a modality of agroforestry based on the integrated production between trees, forage plants and ruminants. When these systems are well planned and conducted, they allow to exploit the synergies between its components, providing economic benefits, better animal welfare and the provision of environmental services. The presence of tree covers increases humidity and allows a smaller thermal variation of both air and soil, conditions that improve the microclimate for the growth of forage plants and animals. Most of the tree crops established in Uruguay are constituted by high density plantations, destined for pulp or solid wood production, conditions that restrict the quantity and quality of photosynthetically active radiation available for the understory environment. Therefore, there is no satisfactory forage production over the years, which determines that the system integration with livestock be only temporary. The objective of this review is to present the knowledge generated in silvopastoral systems that have been established in Uruguay, its critical aspects, international experiences and the opportunities and challenges for research and technology transfer in our country. We highlight the need to create systems planned jointly with the recipients of this technology and other research and development institutions, in order to evaluate the different components and their interactions in the long term, as well as to determine their productive and economic impact at farm and region scale, and properly assessing the environmental impacts.

Background: Dermatophytoses are frequent infections in human, which are produced by fungus genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Aim: To determine frequency of E. floccosum in isolated dermatophyte in a laboratory from Valparaíso during the last three decades, in addition to knowing the most frequent localization, age and gender of patients affected by this agent. Method: All superficial culture reports, issued by the Universidad de Valparaíso's mycology laboratory in the last three decades, with E. floccosum, Microsporum spp and Trichophyton spp development, has been reviewed. Patients age, gender, location of the injury and culture report has been registered in an excel spreadsheet. Results: The total number of reports with dermatophyte development in the culture was 6,780. Only 26 cases show E. floccosum development, 73% of this (19/26) were present on men with and average age of 37 years. Frequency did progressively fall since eighty's until 2000 decade. The age group most affected by this etiological agent was 30-36 years. The most frequently localization in both man and woman were foot plant and nails. Conclusions: Frequency of isolation did decrease progressively in dermatophytose by E. floccosum for the study period. Masculine gender and 36-60 age group were the most affected. The most frequently localization were foot plant and nails.

Resumen Introducción: Las dermatofitosis son infecciones comunes en humanos, provocadas por hongos de los géneros Trichophyton, Microsporum y Epidermophyton. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de E. floccosum en dermatofitos aislados en un laboratorio de la Región de Valparaíso durante las últimas tres décadas. Conocer las localizaciones más frecuentes, los grupos etarios y sexo de los pacientes afectados por este agente. Materiales y Método: Se revisaron los informes de cultivos superficiales con desarrollo de E. floccosum, Microsporum spp y Trichophyton spp de las tres últimas décadas del laboratorio de Micología de la Universidad de Valparaíso. Se registró en una planilla Excel el resultado del cultivo, edad, sexo y ubicación de la lesión de los pacientes. Resultados: El total de dermatofitosis con agente identificado fue de 6.780. En 26 casos hubo desarrollo de E. floccosum, de éstos, 73% (19/26) fueron en hombres y con una edad promedio de 37 años. La frecuencia disminuyó progresivamente desde la década de los ochenta hasta la del 2000. El grupo etario más afectados fue el de 36-60 años. Las localizaciones más frecuentemente afectadas fueron la planta y uñas de los pies. Conclusiones: Existe una disminución progresiva de la frecuencia de aislamiento de E. floccosum en el período estudiado. El sexo masculino y el grupo etario de 36-60 años fueron los más afectados. Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron la planta y uñas de los pies.