Lactobacilos foram isolados do inglúvio e cecos de reprodutoras pesadas e caracterizados como Gram-positivo, catalase negativo, produtores de gás em glicose e não produtores de H2S em triple sugar iron e pela fermentação de carboidratos. Utilizaram-se os iniciadores: Lac 1/23-10C para detecção de Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. amylovorus, L. gasseri, L. helveticus e L. jensenii; Lac 2/LU-1' para L. acidophilus; Fer 3/Fer 4 para L. fermentum; Reu 1/Reu 2 para L. reuteri e Sal 1 e Sal 2 para L. salivarius. L. reuteri e L. salivarius foram identificados pela reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) e pelo teste bioquímico, enquanto L. acidophilus, L. fermentum e Lactobacillus sp. somente pelo teste bioquímico. Os resultados obtidos na PCR foram mais precisos quando comparados aos obtidos com o método bioquímico, que demonstrou ser subjetivo devido às variações na fermentação de carboidratos, principalmente na diferenciação entre L. fermentum e L. reuteri.

Lactobacilli were isolated from crops and ceca of broiler breeders and characterized by positive Gram staining, negative catalase test, production of gas from glucose, and negative for H2S production from triple sugar iron, and carbohydrates fermentation. Primers: Lac1/23-10C for detecting Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. amylovorus, L. gasseri, L. helveticus, and L. jensenii; Lac2/LU-1' for L. acidophilus; Fer3/Fer4 for L. fermentum; Reu1/Reu2 for L. reuteri, and Sal1/Sal2 for L. salivarius were used. L. reuteri and L. salivarius were identified by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical tests. However, L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, and Lactobacillus sp. were only identified by biochemical tests. PCR results were more precise, considering the variability of carbohydrate fermentation among the strains, especially for identifying L. fermentum and L. reuteri.

Avaliou-se a influência da cola de fibrina, derivada do veneno de serpente, na fixação e integração de enxerto de pele. Foram utilizados nove cães, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 15kg. Foi induzida ferida de 4×4cm de área, na face crânio-proximal dos antebraços direito e esquerdo. Um enxerto de espessura total foi colhido da região torácica e expandido por meio de expansor de pele. No membro direito o enxerto foi estabilizado no leito receptor por meio de pontos isolados simples; no esquerdo foi fixado pela aplicação de cola de fibrina e oito pontos de sutura. O sítio doador foi fechado empregando-se retalho cutâneo bipediculado. As bandagens do leito receptor foram oclusivas e não aderentes e aplicou-se pomada de neomicina com bacitracina. A troca de bandagens ocorreu diariamente até o sétimo dia de pós-operatório e, posteriormente, a cada três dias. A área de sobrevivência do enxerto foi obtida pela subtração das áreas não viáveis e total medidas com fotomicroscópio Nikon conectado a um sistema de análise de imagem KS-300 aos três, sete, 15 e 30 dias de pós-operatório. Para a avaliação microscópica, a área do enxerto foi colhida em três animais aos sete, 15 e 30 dias de pós-operatório. Não houve diferença entre momentos de avaliação e técnicas de fixação quanto à área de enxerto viável. Os enxertos fixados com cola apresentaram estágio de reparação mais avançado em todos os momentos. Concluiu-se que a cola de fibrina derivada do veneno de serpente tem moderado poder adesivo e, pela análise microscópica, favorece a integração do enxerto cutâneo em malha de espessura total.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of fibrin glue, derived from snake venom, on fixation and integration of skin graft. Nine crossbred dogs, with average weight of 15kg were used. Wounds measuring 4×4 cm were induced at the cranioproximal aspect of the right and left forelimb. Full-thickness skin grafts were harvested from thoracic area, and meshed with a commercial mesh dermatome. The graft was secured to the recipient bed using several simple interrupted sutures on the right forelimb. On the left forelimb fibrin glue and eight simple interrupted sutures were used. The bed was closed using bipedicle advancement flap. The non-adherent occlusive bandage and neomycin-bacitracin ointment were used on receptor bed. The bandage was changed every day until the seventh day postoperative and every three days afterwards. The graft survival area was obtained by subtraction of total and nonviable areas measured with a Nikon Photomicroscope connected to a KS-300 image analysis system at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days postsurgically. For microscopic evaluation, the skin graft, recipient bed and adjacent surrounding skin were collected at 7, 15 and 30 days postsurgery. No statistical difference was detected for the viable graft area, in each evaluation moment and between fixation methods. However, based on microscopic evaluation, fibrin glue enhanced the tissue repair process in all evaluation moments. It was possible to conclude that fibrin glue derived from snake venom has moderate adhesive capacity, and, based on microscopic examination, improves the integration of full-thickness mesh skin grafts.

In the present experimental study we assessed induced osteoarthritis data in rabbits, compared three diagnostic methods, i.e., radiography (XR), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and correlated the imaging findings with those obtained by macroscopic evaluation. Ten young female rabbits of the Norfolk breed were used. Seven rabbits had the right knee immobilized in extension for a period of 12 weeks (immobilized group), and three others did not have a limb immobilized and were maintained under the same conditions (control group). Alterations observed by XR, CT and MRI after the period of immobilization were osteophytes, osteochondral lesions, increase and decrease of joint space, all of them present both in the immobilized and non-immobilized contralateral limbs. However, a significantly higher score was obtained for the immobilized limbs (XT: P = 0.016, CT: P = 0.031, MRI: P = 0.0156). All imaging methods were able to detect osteoarthritis changes after the 12 weeks of immobilization. Macroscopic evaluation identified increased thickening of joint capsule, proliferative and connective tissue in the femoropatellar joint, and irregularities of articular cartilage, especially in immobilized knees. The differences among XR, CT and MRI were not statistically significant for the immobilized knees. However, MRI using a 0.5 Tesla scanner was statistically different from CT and XR for the non-immobilized contralateral knees. We conclude that the three methods detected osteoarthritis lesions in rabbit knees, but MRI was less sensitive than XR and CT in detecting lesions compatible with initial osteoarthritis. Since none of the techniques revealed all the lesions, it is important to use all methods to establish an accurate diagnosis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of snake venom derived from fibrin glue on the viability of split-thickness skin graft. Nine crossbreed dogs were used. Full-thickness skin segments measuring 4 x 4 cm were bilaterally excised from the proximal radial area on each dog. A split-thickness skin graft was harvestedfrom left lateral thoracic area using a freehand graft knife, and was secured to the left recipient bed using several simple interrupted sutures of 3-0 nylon (sutured graft). A split-thickness skin graft was harvested from the right lateral thoracic area using a graft knife. Fibrin glue derived from snake venom was applied to the recipient bed, and 8 equidistant simple interrupted sutures of 3-0 nylon were used to secure the skin graft (glued graft). Viable and nonviable areas were traced on a transparent sheet and measured using a Nikon Photomicroscope connected to a KS-300 image analysis system. The skin graft and recipient bed were collected from three dogs at day 7, 15, and 30 postoperative. The glued grafts had statistically higher graft viability than sutured grafts. Histological examination showed that the tissue repair process in the glued grafts was more accentuated than sutured grafts. It was possible to conclude that fibrin glue derived from snake venom increased survival of autogenous split-thickness skin graft.

Estudaram-se os efeitos do tratamento de frangos de corte com microbiota cecal anaeróbia liofilizada (MCL) e congelada (MCC) sobre a infecção do trato digestivo das aves por Salmonella enterica sorovar Enteritidis. Foi usada microbiota intestinal sem prévia identificação bacteriana. A infecção foi persistente, em ordem, no ceco, inglúvio e duodeno. A infecção também foi autolimitante nos grupos tratados e no controle. Não ocorreu diferença entre o grupo-controle positivo e os tratados com MCL ou MCC. Houve redução da colonização do ceco no período de 12 dias após o desafio nos grupos tratados com MCL e MCC, o que não ocorreu no grupo-controle positivo. Não houve variação entre os tratamentos com MCL e MCC quanto às características pesquisadas. A S. Enteritidis reduziu o ganho de peso médio nas aves inoculadas. Os tratamentos com MCL e MCC minimizaram a redução de peso nos grupos infectados.

The effects of anaerobic cecal microflora lyophilized (AML) or frozen (AMF) on the digestive tract infection of broilers by Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) were studied. AML and AMF were used without previous bacterial identification. SE infection was more evident in ceca, followed by crop and duodenum. The infection was self limited both in treated and control groups. No significant difference between the positive control and the treated with AML group or AMF was observed. However, there was a reduction of the chick digestive system SE colonization, especially in the ceca, as well as in SE fecal excretion in the treated groups with AML and AMF, in comparison with the positive control group. No significant variation between the treatments with AML and AMF, in none of the evaluated parameters was observed. SE reduced body weight gain in the inoculated birds. The treatments with AML and AMF minimized weight reduction in the infected groups.

Avaliou-se o efeito da vacina contra coccidiose sobre a habilidade da microbiota cecal anaeróbia (MCA), administrada por diferentes vias (aves tratadas), em proteger pintos de corte da colonização por Salmonella enteritidis (Se). Utilizaram-se 120 aves assim divididas: grupo A, pulverização de MCA em aves vacinadas contra coccidiose e desafiadas com Se, grupo B, inoculação endoesofágica de MCA em aves vacinadas e desafiadas, grupo C, MCA na água de bebida de aves vacinadas e desafiadas, grupo D, aves não tratadas, vacinadas e desafiadas, grupo E, aves não tratadas, não vacinadas e desafiadas e, grupo F, aves não tratadas, não vacinadas e não desafiadas (controle negativo). Utilizaram-se como parâmetros a colonização do trato digestivo por Se e sua presença nas fezes, bem como o peso corporal das aves, avaliados aos dois, sete e 12 dias após o desafio. Nas aves tratadas com MCA, especialmente por meio de pulverização e inoculação endoesofágica, a colonização do ceco por Se e sua presença nas fezes foram menores, mostrando que a ação da MCA contra a colonização de ceco e excreção fecal não foi afetada pelo uso da vacina contra coccidiose em pintos de corte e que a associação MCA/vacina contra coccidiose pode ser utilizada sem que haja comprometimento na eficácia da MCA. Nos grupos que não receberam MCA, vacinados ou não contra coccidiose, houve aumento da colonização cecal, bem como excreção fecal da amostra desafio. O ceco foi o local de maior presença e persistência da Se. O resultado de administração de MCA pela água de bebida não foi tão eficiente, mas somente este tratamento resultou em peso corporal das aves significativamente superior ao das aves do grupo não tratado, não vacinado e desafiado, indicando que a presença de salmonelas paratifóides não interfere na produtividade de frangos de corte. Não se observou diferença no peso das aves dos grupos D (vacinados contra coccidiose) e E (não vacinadas) desafiadas com Se, demonstrando que a vacina não influenciou negativamente o ganho de peso das aves desafiadas com Salmonela enteriditis.

The effect of a coccidiosis vacine on the ability of the anaerobic cecal microflora (ACM) administered (treated birds) through different ways, to protect broiler chicks against Salmonella enteritidis (Se) colonization was studied. One hundred twenty broiler chicks were divided into six groups: for group A, ACM was given by spray after vaccination against coccidiosis and challenge with Se; for group B, ACM was given by intra-esophagus to coccidiosis vaccinated and Se challenged chicks; for group C, ACM given by drinking water to coccidiosis vaccinated and Se challenged chicks; for group D, chicks were not ACM treated, but coccidiosis vaccinated and Se challenged; for group E, chicks were not ACM treated, not vaccinated against coccidiosis but Se challenged and, for group F, not vaccinated, not challenged, and not treated chicks were used (negative control). The colonization of the digestive system and the presence of Se in feces were used as parameters, as well as body weight of the chicks, evaluated at two, seven and 12 days after challenge. Se count in feces and cecal colonization were reduced in ACM treated groups, mainly through spraying and by intra-esophagus routes, indicating that the actions of ACM against cecal colonization and fecal excretion of Se are not affected by the use of vaccine against coccidiosis in broiler chicks, and that the association ACM/coccidiosis vaccine can be used without reduction of the effectiveness of ACM. In the groups that did not receive ACM, vaccinated or not against coccidiosis, there was an increase of cecal colonization, as well as fecal excretion of Se. The cecum was the main site of colonization and persistence of Se. ACM given by spraying or intra-esophagus route reduced Se in the feces and cecum, as compared with chicks that received ACM by drinking water, although only this treatment has determined a significantly higher body weight than the not treated, not vaccinated but challenged group, probably indicating that the paratyphoids Salmonella may not interfere with broiler performance. No differences on body weight between not ACM treated, Se challenged and vaccinated or not groups were observed, suggesting that the vaccine did not influence the weight gain of the chicks challenged with Salmonela enteriditis.