This work aims to investigate the influence of optimized welding parameters on the corrosion performance of the lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) UNS S32101. The correlation between microstructure and electrochemical behavior of the fusion line (FL) and fusion zone (FZ) has been investigated. In the study, six welded samples were manufactured with different welding parameters, specifically the welding current, travel speed and heat input. A mini-cell and Syringe Cell were used to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the different welded zones by means of the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation test (DL-EPR) and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results showed that the welding parameters tested in this study significantly affected the corrosion resistance of the LDSS UNS S32101. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) was the most susceptible zone to localized corrosion and the specific region most affected by corrosion process was that of the LDSS UNS S32101 adjacent to the FL. (LDSS S FL (FL FZ (FZ investigated current input minicell mini cell DLEPR DL EPR (DL-EPR tests heataffected HAZ (HAZ S3210 S321 S32 S3

Abstract This paper is regarding the statistical coexistence analysis between a cluster of International Mobile Telecommunication 2020 (IMT-2020) Base Stations and an Aircraft Earth Station (AES) operating during flight time in the L Band on a final approach. We assess the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of interference-over-noise ratio (INR) considering the fuselage attenuation contribution and compare it with the AES protection criteria. Our coexistence analysis approach considers the use of a high gain AES commercial antenna model, for an aircraft at two different altitudes, 187 m and 83 m, for 3600 m and 1600 m of horizontal distance from the runway threshold, respectively. Therefore, considering the IMT-2020 suburban scenario near the airport, simulation results presented an INR that met the protection criteria for 100% and 99.95% of the time for the distances of 3600 m and 1600 m from the runway, respectively, making the spectrum sharing feasible between systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time in the literature that fuselage attenuation considering part of the plane, in the L-band is presented in a statistical coexistence analysis. 202 IMT2020 IMT (IMT-2020 (AES CDF (CDF interferenceovernoise interference over noise (INR model altitudes 18 8 360 160 threshold respectively Therefore IMT-202 airport 100 9995 99 95 99.95 systems knowledge plane Lband band 20 IMT202 (IMT-202 1 36 16 IMT-20 10 999 9 99.9 2 IMT20 (IMT-20 3 IMT-2 99. IMT2 (IMT-2 IMT- (IMT- (IMT

Resumo Tem sido hipotetizado que o peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) pode desempenhar um papel essencial na sinalização de longa distância entre a raiz e a parte aérea sob condições de seca. Assim, para melhor entender o envolvimento do H2O2 na sinalização da seca, dois experimentos foram realizados com plantas de tomate. No primeiro, foi utilizado o esquema de raízes divididas, enquanto no segundo, os tomateiros foram cultivados em um único vaso e submetidos ao déficit hídrico. Em ambos os experimentos, o H2O2 e a catalase foram aplicados juntamente com a irrigação. As plantas do grupo controle continuaram a ser irrigadas de acordo com a perda de água. No experimento de raiz dividida, verificou-se que a aplicação de H2O2 nas raízes induziu uma clara redução na transpiração da planta em comparação com plantas não tratadas ou tratadas com catalase. No segundo experimento, observamos que plantas tratadas com H2O2 apresentaram transpiração semelhante quando comparadas com plantas não tratadas e tratadas com catalase sob seca. Da mesma forma, não foi observada diferença na eficiência do uso da água. Assim, concluímos que o aumento do H2O2 no sistema radicular pode atuar como um sinal de longa distância levando à redução da transpiração mesmo quando não há limitação hídrica na parte aérea. Mas tem pouco efeito quando há redução do potencial hídrico da parte aérea.

Abstract It has long been hypothesized that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may play an essential role in root-to-shoot long-distance signaling during drought conditions. Thus, to better understand the involvement of H2O2 in drought signaling, two experiments were carried out using tomato plants. In the first experiment, a split-root scheme was used, while in the second experiment, the tomato plants were grown in a single pot and subjected to drought stress. In both experiments, H2O2 and catalase were applied together with irrigation. Control plants continued to be irrigated according to the water loss. In the split-root experiment, it was verified that the application of H2O2 to roots induced a clear reduction in plant transpiration compared to untreated or catalase-treated plants. In the second experiment, we observed that H2O2-treated plants exhibited similar transpiration when compared to untreated and catalase-treated plants under drought stress. Similarly, no difference in water use efficiency was observed. Thus, we conclude that the increase in H2O2 in the root system can act as a long-distance signal leading to reduced transpiration even when there is no water limitation in the shoot. But it has little effect when there is a reduction in the shoot water potential.

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the limnological, microystin and phytoplankton community of five tropical eutrophic reservoirs located in the Brazilian northeastern semi-arid region, used for domestic use at the time of extreme drought and reduction of water volume. The study was conducted in July and August 2015, and an integrated sample of the water column was collected at three points near the dam in each reservoir. Analysis of limnological parameters, identification and quantification of phytoplankton, with emphasis on cyanobacteria were performed, as well as detection of microcystin by means of immunoassay (ELISA). The reservoirs presented ~ 90% water volume reduction. High turbidity and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as high cyanobacterial densities, revealed an increase in the eutrophic state for hypereutrophy. The total biovolume of phytoplankton and cyanobacterial density is high, plus an average increase in relation to previous studies of 350% and 150%, respectively. The density of cyanobacteria and microcystin concentration presented values above acceptable levels for drinking water according to Brazilian legislation. A phytoplankton community was represented by 17 functional groups, including potentially toxic cyanobacteria species such as Planktothrix agardhii (S1), Microcystis aeruginosa (M), Anabaena planktonica e Anabaena spp. (H1), Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Sn). Our results confirm that conditions of extreme drought and reduction of the volume of the reservoirs influence the composition, biovolume of phytoplankton and water quality, but not the increase of total microcystin in the analysed, although above 1μg-1 registered a significant decrease of water quality in used for human consumption. semiarid semi arid region 2015 reservoir parameters performed ELISA. ELISA . (ELISA) 90 phosphorus densities hypereutrophy 350 150 150% respectively legislation 1 groups S1, S1 S , (S1) M, M (M) spp H1, H1 H (H1) Sn. Sn (Sn) composition analysed 1μg1 μg 1μg 1μg- consumption 201 (ELISA 9 35 15 (S1 (M (H1 (Sn 20 3 (S (H 2

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a comunidade limnológica, microistalina e fitoplanctônica de cinco reservatórios eutróficos tropicais localizados no semi-árido nordestino brasileiro, utilizados para uso doméstico no período de seca extrema e redução do volume de água. O estudo foi realizado em julho e agosto de 2015, e uma amostra integrada da coluna de água foi coletada em três pontos próximos à barragem em cada reservatório. Análises de parâmetros limnológicos, identificação e quantificação do fitoplâncton, com ênfase em cianobactérias, foram realizadas, assim como a detecção de microcistina por meio de imunoensaio (ELISA). Os reservatórios apresentaram ~ 90% de redução do volume de água. A alta turbidez e as concentrações de nitrogênio e fósforo, bem como as altas densidades de cianobactérias, revelaram um aumento no estado eutrófico da hipereutrofia. O biovolume total de fitoplâncton e densidade de cianobactérias é alto, além de um aumento médio em relação a estudos anteriores de 350% e 150%, respectivamente. A densidade de cianobactérias e a concentração de microcistina apresentaram valores acima dos níveis aceitáveis para água de consumo, de acordo com a legislação brasileira. Uma comunidade fitoplanctônica foi representada por 17 grupos funcionais, incluindo espécies de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas, como Planktothrix agardhii (S1), Microcystis aeruginosa (M), Anabaena planktonica e Anabaena spp. (H1), Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Sn). Nossos resultados confirmam que condições de seca extrema e redução do volume dos reservatórios influenciam a composição, o biovolume de fitoplâncton e a qualidade da água, mas não o aumento do total de microcistina no analisado, embora acima de 1μg-1 tenha registrado uma diminuição significativa da qualidade da água usado para consumo humano. limnológica semiárido semi árido brasileiro 2015 reservatório limnológicos realizadas ELISA. ELISA . (ELISA) 90 fósforo hipereutrofia alto 350 150 150% respectivamente brasileira 1 funcionais tóxicas S1, S1 S , (S1) M, M (M) spp H1, H1 H (H1) Sn. Sn (Sn) composição analisado 1μg1 μg 1μg 1μg- humano 201 (ELISA 9 35 15 (S1 (M (H1 (Sn 20 3 (S (H 2

Abstract: In Mexico, the productive activities of indigenous communities revolve around the milpa. Food and Nutrition Sovereignty and Security (SSAN) in these communities are under threat due to factors that put food, biological and cultural diversity at risk. The objective was to analyze the milpa as a traditional agroecosystem in the Nahuatl community of Ocotal Texizapan, Veracruz and factors that affect the dimensions of the SSAN. Semi-structured and in-depth interview (n = 20 families) and participatory observation were conducted. Local knowledge regarding agrobiodiversity in the milpa was recorded. It was found that the milpa (associated maize, beans, squash and edible herbaceous) is established in two cycles (temporal and tapachole or "tapáchôlsinti"). 31 species of plants grown associated, intercropping or tolerated are collected within or around the milpa. A total of 19 species (61%) were edible. Food diversity is supported by plants collected in the milpa and also by hunting and collecting edible fungi, insects and herbs. The milpa, based on a deep traditional knowledge of the environment, climate and availability of natural resources is key in the availability of plant and animal for food throughout the year. It can be concluded that achieving the milpa represents food security and the flora and fauna associated with it, contribute to the nutritional security among Ocotal families and whose agricultural management is impregnated by a strong historical-cultural-religious content.

Resumen: En México, las actividades productivas de las comunidades indígenas campesinas giran alrededor de la milpa. La Soberanía y Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional (SSAN) en dichas comunidades está bajo amenaza debido a factores que ponen en riesgo la diversidad alimentaria, biológica y cultural. El objetivo fue analizar la milpa como un agroecosistema tradicional en la comunidad náhuatl de Ocotal Texizapan, Veracruz y factores que inciden en las dimensiones de la SSAN. Se realizó entrevista semi-estructurada y a profundidad (n = 20 familias) y observación participativa. Se registraron los conocimientos locales respecto a la agrobiodiversidad presente en la milpa. Se encontró que la milpa (asocio maíz, frijol, calabaza y herbáceas comestibles) se establece en dos ciclos (temporal y tapachole o “tapáchôlsinti”). Se colectaron 31 especies de plantas cultivadas de manera asociada, intercalada o toleradas dentro o en el contorno de la milpa. Un total de 19 especies (61%) son comestibles. La diversidad alimentaria es apoyada por plantas recolectadas en la milpa y por la caza y recolecta de hongos, insectos y hierbas comestibles. La milpa, basada en un conocimiento tradicional profundo del ambiente, el clima y disponibilidad de los recursos es clave en la disponibilidad de alimentos vegetales y animales durante todo el año. Se concluye que lograr la milpa representa la seguridad alimentaria y la flora y fauna asociada a ésta, aportan a la seguridad nutricional de las familias de Ocotal y cuyo manejo agrícola está impregnado por un fuerte contenido histórico-cultural-religioso.

Abstract Chebyshev microstrip lowpass filters with improved performance, achieved by means of circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRR), are presented. CSRR particles exhibit frequency rejection bandwidths in the vicinity of their resonant frequencies that can be used to meliorate both selectivity and stopband in microstrip lowpass filters. Two configurations have been used: a stepped-impedance model and a configuration using open-circuited stubs. Microstrip filters having 5, 7 and 9 poles were designed and fabricated. Selectivity values up to 86 dB/GHz and suppression levels reaching 60 dB in the stopband were obtained. The filters have cutoff frequency around 2 GHz and rejection band up to 10 GHz. The insertion of the designed CSRR resonators in the ground plane of the filters removes all the transmission spurious observed in the analyzed frequency band. No considerable variation in the passband group delay is observed in the CSRR-based lowpass filters. A comparison is made among the filters designed in this and other referenced works, considering their number of poles and size. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The presented filters can be candidates for applications using the VHF, UHF and L bands, being also very effective in the rejection of the S and C bands. Applications that demand the rejection of the first half of the X band can also use the filters detailed in this paper.

Abstract This paper presents an optically controlled reconfigurable antenna for millimetre-wave frequency range. Silicon switches are used to control the optical reconfiguration, modifying the frequency response and radiation pattern of the antenna design. Therefore, the system can switch between the lightly licensed 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands, useful for future mobile 5G broadband cellular communication networks. Experimental results with the reconfigurable antenna on 16-QAM and 32-QAM wireless transmission supported by photonic downconversion are successfully reported under 78 dB link budget requirement.

Resumo Com o objetivo de avaliar se as cianotoxinas (microcistinas) podem afetar a composição da comunidade zooplanctônica, levando à dominância de formas microzooplanctônicas (protozoários e rotiferos), as variações nas concentrações de microcistina e a biomassa do zooplâncton foram analisadas em três reservatórios eutróficos na região semi-árida do nordeste brasileiro. A concentração de microcistinas na água esteve correlacionada com o biovolume de cianobactérias, indicando a contribuição de formas coloniais como Microcystis na produção de cianotoxinas. A nível de comunidade, a biomassa total do zooplâncton não apresentou correlacão com a concentração de microcistina (r2 = 0.00; P > 0.001), mas em uma análise a nível de populações, a biomassa de rotíferos e cladóceros apresentou uma fraca correlação positiva. Copépodos Cyclopoida, os quais são considerados relativamente ineficientes na ingestão de cianobactérias, estiveram negativamente correlacionados com a concentração de microcistinas (r2 = - 0.01; P > 0.01). Surpreendentemente, a biomassa de copépodos Calanoida foi positivamente correlacionada com a concentração de cianotoxinas (r2 = 0.44; P > 0.001). Os resultados indicam que mecanismos de controle alelopáticos (efeitos negativos da microcistina sobre o zooplâncton) parecem não afetar substancialmente a composição do mesozooplâncton, que apresentou uma alta e constante biomassa, quando comparada à biomassa do microzooplâncton (rotíferos). Esses resultados podem ser importantes para um melhor entendimento das interações tróficas entre o zooplâncton e cianobactérias, e do efeito potencial de compostos alelopáticos sobre o zooplâncton.

Abstract The aim of our study was to assess whether cyanotoxins (microcystins) can affect the composition of the zooplankton community, leading to domination of microzooplankton forms (protozoans and rotifers). Temporal variations in concentrations of microcystins and zooplankton biomass were analyzed in three eutrophic reservoirs in the semi-arid northeast region of Brazil. The concentration of microcystins in water proved to be correlated with the cyanobacterial biovolume, indicating the contributions from colonial forms such as Microcystis in the production of cyanotoxins. At the community level, the total biomass of zooplankton was not correlated with the concentration of microcystin (r2 = 0.00; P > 0.001), but in a population-level analysis, the biomass of rotifers and cladocerans showed a weak positive correlation. Cyclopoid copepods, which are considered to be relatively inefficient in ingesting cyanobacteria, were negatively correlated (r2 = – 0.01; P > 0.01) with the concentration of cyanotoxins. Surprisingly, the biomass of calanoid copepods was positively correlated with the microcystin concentration (r2 = 0.44; P > 0.001). The results indicate that allelopathic control mechanisms (negative effects of microcystin on zooplankton biomass) do not seem to substantially affect the composition of mesozooplankton, which showed a constant and high biomass compared to the microzooplankton (rotifers). These results may be important to better understand the trophic interactions between zooplankton and cyanobacteria and the potential effects of allelopathic compounds on zooplankton.

A new coating made of niobium pentoxide, obtained through the sol-gel process, was developed for the carbon steel (SAE 1010). The corrosion protection provided by this coating was evaluated through electrochemical tests such as: open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and anodic potentiodynamic polarization in NaCl 0,5 mol L-1 solution. The morphology and composition of the coatings were analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffractions. A zinc phosphate coating was used as standard test for comparison of results. The electrochemical measurements revealed that: (1) The Nb2O5 coating dislocates the corrosion potential towards more positive values; (2) higher impedance values were found for the Nb2O5 coated samples; and (3) lower current density values were found for these samples. The electronic micrograph revealed that there was alteration in the morphology of the carbon steel surface due to the Nb2O5 deposition. The EDS spectra confirmed the niobium coating deposition, as a peak regarding this element was obtained in the spectra. The X-ray diffractograms confirmed the presence of the phases in the Nb2O5 coating. This new coating increases protection of the carbon steel against corrosion and presents an alternative to replace phosphating.

Objective. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of the team in Barcelona confrontation with their opponents, the two most important games of the season (end of the FIFA World Club Cup and UEFA Champions League Final), between Barcelona and Santos FC, and between Barcelona and Manchester United respectively. Method. The analysis of the behaviors performed by players took into account the number of players involved and the technical fundamentals divided into three categories: offensive fundamentals, defensive fundamentals and types of passes. Results. From the analysis of the games, it was possible to observe the superiority of the Barcelona team in both games, when they tend to spend more time with the ball and involve a greater number of players in the offensive phase. Conclusion. The game model evidenced favors systematic maintenance of possession, featuring a positional attack and reduced opening game spaces.

Objetivo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a performance da equipe do Barcelona em confronto com seus adversários, nos dois jogos mais importantes da temporada (final do Mundial Interclubes da FIFA e final UEFA Champions League), entre Barcelona e Santos FC, e entre Barcelona e Manchester United, respectivamente. Método. A análise dos comportamentos desempenhados pelos jogadores levou em consideração o número de jogadores envolvidos e os fundamentos técnicos divididos em três categorias: fundamentos ofensivos, fundamentos defensivos e tipos de passe. Resultados. A partir da análise dos jogos, foi possível observar a superioridade da equipe do Barcelona, em ambos os jogos, onde a mesma tende a ficar mais tempo com a posse de bola e envolver uma maior quantidade de jogadores na fase ofensiva. Conclusão. O modelo de jogo evidenciado privilegia a manutenção sistemática da posse de bola, caracterizando um ataque posicional de abertura e redução de espaços de jogo.

Objetivo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento del equipo en la confrontación del Barcelona con sus oponentes, en los dos partidos más importantes de la temporada (finales de la Copa Mundial de Clubes FIFA y la UEFA Champions League), entre Barcelona y Santos FC, y entre Barcelona y Manchester United, respectivamente. Método. El análisis de las conductas realizadas por los jugadores ha tenido en cuenta el número de jugadores involucrados y los fundamentos técnicos divididos en tres categorías: los fundamentos ofensivos, fundamentos defensivos y tipos de pases. Resultados. A partir del análisis de los juegos, fue posible observar la superioridad del equipo de Barcelona en los dos partidos, en los que tiende a tener más tiempo el balón y hacer participar a un mayor número de jugadores en la fase ofensiva. Conclusión. El modelo de juego evidenciado favorece el mantenimiento sistemático del balón, caracterizando un ataque posicional de apertura del juego y reducción de los espacios de juego.

Introduction The Argentina Continental Margin (MCA) is one of the largest margins around the world (2x10(6) km²), which in most of its area of development (between 35 and 48ºS) belongs to a typical extensional volcanic passive margin (Mohriak et al., 2002). The region is located in a key area of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean due to its significance in the global oceanographic-climatic interaction (Wefer et al., 1996, 2004; Carter and Cortese, 2009). As a result, the study of the Cenozoic sedimentary sequences preserved in the geological record is very important for paleoceanographic-paleoclimatic-paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The study area is included in the northern part of the MCA adjacent to eastern Buenos Aires province (Fig. 1a). The major physiographic units are the shelf, slope, rise and the Mar del Plata Submarine Canyon. This work describes the Cenozoic morphosedimentary, stratigraphic and evolutive aspects of the continental slope in the region. The study is based on high resolution seismic (multi and monochannel) complemented with sediment analysis on piston and gravity cores as well as grab sa

El Margen Continental Argentino es uno de los márgenes más extensos del mundo (2 x 10(6) km²) cuyo mayor desarrollo, entre 35 y 48ºS, corresponde a un típico margen pasivo volcánico. Allí se desarrollan los siguientes rasgos: plataforma, talud, emersión y el Cañón Submarino Mar del Plata. Este trabajo describe los aspectos morfosedimentarios, estratigráficos y evolutivos del talud adyacente al litoral del este bonaerense. El estudio se basó en información sísmica mono y multicanal de alta resolución complementada con el análisis de muestras del fondo marino, fundamentalmente testigos verticales. El talud se desarrolla entre 120 y 3500 m de profundidad. Está formado por tres sectores principales. El más cercano a la plataforma es el talud superior situado por encima de los 700/800 m, de fuerte pendiente. A partir de allí se desarrolla el talud medio, constituido por la Terraza Ewing, cuya superficie de baja pendiente llega hasta los 1300 m de profundidad. Finalmente, el talud inferior vuelve a ser de fuerte pendiente y llega hasta los 3500 m, desde donde grada hacia la emersión continental. El talud es atravesado por el Cañón Submarino Mar del Plata, que comienza alrededor de los 500 m de profundidad aunque adquiere una típica configuración de valle en V entre 1200 y 3700 metros. La cobertura sedimentaria del talud es silicoclástica, formada por fangos algo arenosos que muestran mayores porcentajes de arena e inclusive rodados en los alrededores del cañón, particularmente en sus cabeceras. La asociación mineralógica es volcánico-piroclástica de origen pampeano-patagónico. A través de la aplicación de métodos sismoestratigráficos se identificaron siete "Secuencias Depositacionales" que abarcan desde el Cretácico superior hasta el presente, las cuales están separadas por horizontes sísmicos mayores que representan discontinuidades resultantes de la ocurrencia de significativos eventos climáticos-oceanográficos de amplia extensión regional. La sucesión de secuencias señala que el talud comenzó a evolucionar a partir de la transición Eoceno-Oligoceno en respuesta a complejos procesos de agradación y progradación con depósitos turbidíticos y contorníticos, y formación de cañones submarinos. Se definen cuatro etapas evolutivas principales: 1) Agradacional, del Cretácico-Eoceno, con fuerte acreción vertical del talud asociada a subsidencia térmica de la Cuenca del Salado, con alta tasa de sedimentación. 2) Desarrollo del talud durante el Eoceno superior-Mioceno medio, cuando se estructura el margen pasivo y comienza a evidenciarse la influencia de las masas de agua de origen antártico, lo que se manifiesta en la formación de secuencias sedimentarias complejas con períodos alternantes de progradación-retrogradación aunque con predominio de los primeros (con alta dinámica turbidítica y formación de cañones submarinos) que hacen avanzar progresivamente el talud en dirección al mar. 3) Desarrollo de la Terraza Ewing en el Mioceno medio-superior, cuando la dinámica sedimentaria asociada a la circulación de las corrientes oceánicas de origen antártico favorece la migración hacia el norte de grandes depósitos contorníticos. 4) Configuración definitiva del talud en el Plioceno-Cuaternario, al desarrollarse la Terraza Ewing y el Cañón Submarino Mar del Plata con sus características presentes.

Os serpentinitos aflorantes em zonas de falhas não-transformantes no sector Açoreano da Crista Média Atlântica apresentam aspectos texturais, mineralógicos e cristaloquímicos que permitiram caracterizar o manto superior subjacente a este sector e confirmar a influência do hotspot dos Açores nessa região. O estudo de manto superior serpentinizado aflorante nas áreas Rainbow e Saldanha, neste sector da Crista Média Atlântica, pôs em evidência esses aspectos: a abundância de texturas pseudomórficas e a mineralogia relíquia (Fo olivina = 87-92, En piroxena = 89-92, Cr#espinela = 46-52) indicam um protólito refractário correspondente a um harzburgito com espinela, pontualmente associado a dunitos e harzburgitos tectonizados com anfíbola. O carácter refractário destas rochas ultramáficas e o metassomatismo anfibolítico, coadjuvados pelos dados termobarométricos obtidos por RIBEIRO DA COSTA et al. (2006), são consistentes com fusão parcial significativa do Manto Superior e com actividade metassomática intensificada nas proximidades do hotspot dos Açores, tal como sugerem estudos anteriores neste sector da Crista Média Atlântica.

Low magma flow and significant crustal-scale extensional tectonics characterize the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), favouring seawater circulation down to the upper-mantle and fault-related exposures of serpentinized upper-mantle peridotite (e.g., FRANCIS, 1981; CANNAT, 1993; TUCHOLKE & LIN, 1994; ESCARTÍN & CANNAT, 1999). Samples of such serpentinized ultramafic rocks were collected on two locations of the Azores sector of the MAR: the Rainbow hydrothermal field (36°14'N), and the Saldanha massif (36°34'N). Textural, mineralogical and crystalchemical features of such serpentinite outcrops from non-transform offsets in the Azores area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) have provided enough evidence to identify their protolith and to characterize the upper mantle beneath this oceanic sector, confirming the relevance of the Azores hotspot on the nature of this mantle sector. Serpentinized upper mantle exposures on the Rainbow and Saldanha hydrothermal fields, located in the Azores sector of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), exhibit pseudomorphic textures and relict mineralogy (Fo olivine = 87-92, En pyroxene = 89-92, Cr#spinel = 46-52) indicative of a dominant refractory spinel-harzburgite protolith, occasionally accompanied by minor dunites and strongly tectonized amphibole-bearing harzburgites. The refractory nature of these ultramafics and modal amphibole metasomatism are consistent with a significant extent of upper mantle partial melting and metasomatic activity on approaching the Azores hotspot, as suggested by previous studies in the area (e.g., MICHAEL & BONATTI, 1985; BONATTI & MICHAEL, 1989; JUTEAU et al., 1990; MÉVEL et al., 1991). Moreover, mantle oxygen fugacities estimated by oxygen barometry in the relict mineralogy of the Rainbow and Saldanha rocks, considering likely harzburgite depths for mantlemelt segregation temperatures of 1200-1330°C (RIBEIRO DA COSTA et al., 2006), also match the data and interpretations of those authors for the upper-mantle beneath the Azores sector of the MAR.

Neste trabalho foi estudada a viabilidade de substituição do nitrito de sódio NaNO2 por benzotriazol (BTAH), no banho de fosfato de zinco (PZn+NaNO2) utilizado para a fosfatização do aço carbono (SAE 1010). A caracterização da superfície das amostras fosfatizadas foi realizada através de ensaios de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Microscopia Ótica (MO) e Difração de Raios - X. A composição elementar foi avaliada através de Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS). O comportamento de corrosão das amostras foi determinado por meio de medidas de Potencial de Circuito Aberto, Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica (EIE) e ensaios de Polarização Potenciodinâmica Anódica. Para os ensaios de corrosão foi utilizada como eletrólito uma solução de cloreto de sódio 0.5 molL-1. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que a camada de fosfato em presença de benzotriazol (PZn+BTAH) e ausência de nitrito de sódio apresentou melhores propriedades, pois houve um aumento de aproximadamente 6 vezes na massa do revestimento depositado e foi obtida maior resistência à corrosão para este revestimento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o nitrito de sódio NaNO2 pode ser substituído por benzotriazol (BTAH) em banhos de fosfato de zinco.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of benzotriazole (BTAH) for replacement of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in the zinc phosphate bath (PZn+NaNO2) used for carbon steel (SAE 1010). Surface characterization of phosphated and unphosphated samples was carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Optical Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated by electrochemical techniques such as Open Circuit Potential, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Anodic Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves, in a 0.5 mol L−1 NaCl electrolyte at room temperature. The experimental results showed that not only benzotriazol (PZn+BTAH) presented better corrosion properties than sodium nitrite, but also the amount of the deposited phosphate increased approximately six times comparatively to the bath with sodium nitrite. The results demonstrated that benzotriazole (BTAH) is a potential candidate for replacement of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in zinc phosphate baths.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of patients admitted in hospitals with soft tissue infections, and analyse the variables whose died, in order to define risk groups. Method: retrospective analysis of medical reports of all patient admitted during 2002 year for soft tissue infections in public malacitans hospitals. We excluded the patient with soft tissue infections associated with burns, surgery, pressure ulcers, and orbit cellulitis. We analysed clinical, biochemical variables and indications for yields and imaging tests, so the empiric antibiotic treatment established and its correlations with practice guidelines. Results: We analysed 391 admissions of 374 patients. Cellulitis was the most frequent diagnosis (69.3%).We did imaging tests in 51.6%. In 94.3% of cases were treated with empirics antibiotics. The most prescribed drug was amoxiciline plus clavulanate (39%). 27 patients died, 40.7% of them for septic cause. All deceased patients had chronic diseases. The only biochemical parameters associated with mortality were serum proteins and albumina (55 ± 9 g/L vs. 63 ± 8 g/L; p = 0.0231) and (22 ± 7 g/L vs. 29 ± 7 g/L; p = 0.0125) respectively. Conclusions: Cellullitis are the most frequent soft tissue infections that requires admissions in hospitals. We overuse imaging test and don't follow the practice guidelines recommendations in antibiotic therapy. Primary soft issue infection's mortality is low and it's restricted to people with chronic illness, deep infections and bad nutritional status.

Objetivos: Describir las características de los pacientes hospitalizados con infecciones de piel y partes blandas (IPPB) y analizar las variables de los que fallecen durante el ingreso para definir grupos de riesgo. Método: Análisis retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes que fueron dados de alta con IPPB durante el año 2002, en los hospitales públicos de la provincia de Málaga. Se excluyen infecciones secundarias a pie diabético, cirugía, quemados, úlceras por decúbito y la celulitis orbitaria. Se analizaron variables clínicas, bioquímicas, indicación y validez diagnóstica de pruebas microbiológicas y de imagen, así como el tratamiento antibiótico empírico iniciado y su correlación con las recomendaciones terapéuticas establecidas. Resultados: Analizamos 391 ingresos de 374 pacientes. La celulitis fue el diagnóstico más frecuente (69,3%). Se realizaron pruebas de imagen en el 51,6% de los casos. El antibiótico más empleado fue la amoxicilina con ácido clavulánico (39%). Fallecieron 27 (6,7%), el 40,7% por el proceso séptico en sí. Todos los fallecidos, tenían algún tipo de enfermedad crónica asociada. Las únicas variables analíticas que se asociaron de forma significativa a mayor mortalidad fueron las proteínas totales (55 ± 9 g/L vs. 63 ± 8 g/L; p = 0,0231) y los concentraciones séricas de albúmina (22 ± 7 g/L vs. 29 ± 7 g/L; p = 0,0125). Conclusiones: Las celulitis es la IPPB que mayor número de ingresos genera en nuestro medio. Apreciamos una sobreutilización de pruebas de imagen y una desviación sobre las recomendaciones terapéuticas y el tratamiento aplicado en nuestros hospitales. La mortalidad global observada es baja y afecta de manera exclusiva a pacientes con mal estado nutricional al ingreso, enfermedades crónicas o infecciones profundas.

Nós relatamos a ocorrência de florescimentos de cianobactérias e a presença de cianotoxinas em amostras de água do reservatório Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves (06° 08’ S; 37° 07’ W) situado no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, na região semi-árida do Brasil. Cianobactérias foram identificadas e quantificadas nos períodos seco e chuvoso do ano 2000. Cianotoxinas tais como, microcistinas, saxitoxinas e cilindrospermopsinas foram quantificadas por HPLC e ELISA. Florescimentos tóxicos mistos de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis spp (M. panniformis, M. protocystis, M. novacekii) e Aphanizomenon ssp (Aphanizomenon gracile, A. cf. manguinii, A. cf. issastschenkoi) foram persistentes e representaram 90-100% da comunidade fitoplanctônica ao longo do período estudado. No período de chuvas, florescimentos tóxicos de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii coincidiram com maiores valores de saxitoxinas (3,14 µg.L-1). Entre o período de chuva e estiagem, ocorreram florescimentos tóxicos de Microcytis spp, excedendo o valor mínimo aceitável para consumo humano (8,8 µg.L-1). Na estiagem, baixas concentrações de saxitoxinas foram detectadas em florescimentos menos intensos com co-dominância de Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis spp e Aphanizomenon spp. Nossos resultados revelaram a presença de microcistinas (8,8 µg.L-1) e saxitoxinas (3,14 µg.L-1) na água bruta, a partir da segunda quinzena de abril até o final de maio de 2000. A ocorrência de blooms tóxicos de cianobactérias no reservatório em estudo aponta um risco permanente de cianotoxinas em águas de abastecimento e indica a necessidade da implementação de medidas de controle das florações, visando à melhoria da qualidade da água. A exposição das populações locais às cianotoxinas, pela sua potencial acumulação em musculatura de peixes, também deve ser considerada.

We report the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and the presence of cyanotoxins in water samples from the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves reservoir (06° 08’ S and 37° 07’ W), located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The cyanobacterial species were identified and quantified during the rainy and dry seasons in the year 2000. Cyanotoxins such as microcystins, saxitoxins and cylindrospermopsins were analyzed and quantified using HPLC and ELISA methods. The mixed toxic blooms of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis spp (M. panniformis, M. protocystis, M. novacekii) and Aphanizomenon spp (Aphanizomenon gracile, A. cf. manguinii, A. cf. issastschenkoi) were persistent and represented 90-100% of the total phytoplankton species. Toxic cyanobacterial blooms from the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves reservoir were analyzed and found to have three phases in relation to the annual cycle. During the rainy season, an intense toxic bloom of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was recorded along with saxitoxins (3.14 µg.L-1). During the transition period, between the rainy and dry seasons, different species of Microscytis occurred and microcystin as high as 8.8 µg.L-1 was recorded. In the dry season, co-dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis spp and Aphanizomenon spp occurred and the concentrations of saxitoxin remained very low. Our results indicate the presence of microcystins (8.8 µg.L-1) and saxitoxins (3.14 µg.L-1) into the crude water, with increasing concentrations from the second fortnight of April to late May 2000. The occurrence of toxic blooms in this reservoir points to a permanent risk of cyanotoxins in supply waters, indicating the need for the implementation of bloom control measures to improve the water quality. Exposure of the local population to cyanotoxins through their potential accumulation in fish muscle must also be considered.