ABSTRACT This paper describes the implementation of a motion detector system for traffic control’s smart cameras on embedded devices that can be used in multiple application fields. The proposed system detects moving areas in video sequences, thus reducing the processing time of video analysis algorithms by selecting regions of interest. As part of this work, three motion detection modules, and auxiliary blocks, were developed based on the bio-inspired elementary motion detector presented by Reichardt & Hassenstein. These motion detection modules have been incorporated in the portfolio of modules in the XIL XSGImgLib video and image processing library, which aims to speed-up and ease visual image processing applications over Xilinx FPGAs and SoC FPGAs. To test the detectors, a spatio-temporal motion detection application has been implemented on a Spartan-6 LX45 FPGA using video sequences from a vehicular traffic control point, showing execution time improvements on the elementary motion detector block compared with similar developments reported in the consulted literature.

RESUMEN Este artículo describe la implementación sobre hardware reconfigurable de un detector de movimiento para cámaras inteligentes el cual puede ser empleado en varios campos de aplicación. El sistema propuesto detecta el movimiento en una secuencia de vídeo identificando la región de interés para reducir el tiempo de procesado de los algoritmos de análisis e identificación posteriores. Como parte de este trabajo se realizan tres módulos de detección de movimiento basados en el modelo planteado por Reichardt & Hassenstein para la detección bioinspirada de movimiento elemental, así como otros módulos auxiliares. Estos bloques han sido incorporados a la biblioteca de procesado de imágenes y vídeos XIL XSGImgLib, la cual permite simplificar y reducir el tiempo de diseño de las aplicaciones de procesado de imágenes y vídeos sobre los FPGA y SoC FPGA de Xilinx. Para la comprobación de los detectores se presenta una aplicación de detección de movimiento para un flujo espaciotemporal de vídeo, proveniente de un punto de control de tráfico vehicular, en un FPGA Spartan-6 LX45, arrojando mejoras en el tiempo de ejecución de la implementación del bloque de detección de movimiento elemental comparado con desarrollos similares reportados en la literatura consultada.

Abstract: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare and life-threatening entity in pediatrics which requires a multidis ciplinary approach for early diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this article is to update defi nitions, management, and available treatments. We obtained the articles by reviewing the literature available between 2000 and 2020 in different databases (Pubmed, LILACS, BIREME, Google Scholar, and UpToDate), using terms such as “acute liver failure” in Pubmed, and in other databases “pedia tric acute liver failure” and “falla hepática aguda en pediatría” using filters such as age, publication date, and types of study (clinical trials, review articles, systematic reviews, and case-control studies). We chose those articles with the highest number of citations and with recent data. The ALF requires support in the pediatric intensive care unit and its early diagnosis favors the beginning of treatment. In pediatric patients with ALF, it is recommended to focus on age-specific diagnostic testing. There is no agreement regarding the liver transplantation in pediatric cases of ALF.

Resumen: La falla hepática aguda (FHA) es poco frecuente en pediatría, amenaza la vida y requiere aborda je multidisciplinario para su diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar actualización de definiciones, enfoques y tratamientos disponibles. Los artículos se obtuvieron de la revisión de la literatura disponible entre 2000 y 2020 en varias bases de datos (Pub- med, LILACS, BIREME, Google Académico y UpToDate), empleando términos “acute liver failure” en Pubmed, “pediatric acute liver failure”, “falla hepática aguda en pediatría” para otros buscadores y aplicando filtros según edad, fecha de publicación y tipo de estudio (ensayos clínicos, artículos de revisión, revisiones sistemáticas, estudios de casos y controles), se eligieron aquellos artículos con mayor número de citaciones y con datos recientes. La FHA requiere soporte en cuidado intensivo pe diátrico y su diagnóstico temprano favorece la instauración del tratamiento. Se recomienda el enfo que de pruebas diagnósticas específicas por edad en pacientes pediátricos con FHA. No hay consenso acerca de las indicaciones de trasplante hepático en FHA en pediatría.

ABSTRACT Currently, the manufacture of thin films of GaAs doped with Mn (GaAsMn) on Si (100), is an object of great interest, due to its possible integration with silicon technology, generating a significant development in the functionality of the devices optoelectronics and spintronics. In this work, we present a systematic study of the structural, optical, morphological and magnetic characterization of GaAsMn thin films prepared by R.F sputtering on a Si (100) substrate, for growth temperatures of 100 and 200 oC, respectively. From Raman spectra, the transverse optical (TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) vibrational modes, located at 290 cm-1 and 265 cm-1 of GaAs were identified. Additionally, vibrational modes of MnAs were identified, due to the replacement of Ga atoms with Mn atoms in high concentrations. The segregation of Mn was bear out by X-ray diffraction, where crystalline planes are evidenced in the directions (400) and (200) of polycrystalline GaAs, and crystallographic planes belonging to the Mn1+xAs phases. The morphology and growth mode of the thin films of GaAsMn / Si (100), was carried out by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, taken on the surface and in cross-section, respectively. Finally, an analysis of the magnetic properties of the GaAs thin films made from magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images, evidence surface magnetic domains formation, which depending on growth conditions. We concluded that, all properties of GaAsMn thin films are depending on growth conditions.

RESUMEN Actualmente, la fabricación de películas delgadas de GaAs dopadas con Mn (GaAsMn) sobre Si (100), es un objeto de gran interés debido a su posible integración con la tecnología del silicio, generando un desarrollo significativo en la funcionalidad de los dispositivos optoelectrónicos y espintrónicos. En este trabajo, presentamos un estudio sistemático de la caracterización estructural, morfológica, óptica, y magnética de películas delgadas de GaAsMn preparadas por pulverización catódica R.F sobre un substrato de silicio (100), para temperaturas del crecimiento de 100 y 200 oC, respectivamente. A partir de los espectros Raman se identificaron los modos vibracionales, trasversal óptico (TO) y longitudinal óptico (LO) de GaAs, localizados en 290 cm-1 y 265 cm-1, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se identificaron modos vibracionales de MnAs, debido a la substitucion de átomos de Ga por átomos de Mn en altas concentraciones. La segregación de Mn, fue corroborada mediante difracción de rayos-X, en donde se evidencian planos cristalinos en las direcciones (400) y (200) de GaAs policristalino, y planos cristalográficos pertenecientes a fases de Mn1+xAs. La morfología y el modo de crecimiento de las películas delgadas de GaAsMn/Si (100), se llevó a cabo mediante imágenes de microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) tomadas sobre la superficie y en sección transversal, respectivamente. Finalmente, un análisis de las propiedades magnéticas de las películas delgadas de GaAsMn a partir de imágenes de microscopía de fuerza magnética (MFM), revelan la presencia de dominios magnéticos superficiales provenientes de MnAs. Concluimos que las propiedades físicas de las películas de GaAsMn dependen de las condiciones de crecimiento.

This study evaluates the properties of chitosan (CS) membranes modified with different percentages (0.5%, 3%, and 5% w/w) of a graphene-based material. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were obtained by the chemical exfoliation of graphite and thermal reduction. Then, they were characterized by electrical conductivity measurements, FESEM, XRD, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy. The composites’ morphology was evaluated by FESEM. The degree of swelling over a 48 h period and mass loss behavior in phosphate-buffered saline solution for up to 70 days were also studied. The hydrophilicity of the CS and CS/graphene nanocomposites was examined by water contact angle. The graphene materials showed small stacks (6-8 sheets) with low defect density and nanoscale thickness (1.3-5.9 nm). The dispersion of the graphene material in the CS matrix significantly decreased the degree of swelling (460%) but did not modify the hydrolytic degradation process and the hydrophilicity of membranes.

Necrotzing sof tssue infecton (NSTI) is a rare disease that mainly afects individuals with specific risk factors but sometmes afects postpartum women as well. These women have a state of immunosup-pression, which would favor the appearance and more aggressive course of the disease. We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with no pathological history who developed necrotzing fasciits of the abdominal wall as a complicaton of a cesarean secton. An extensive abdominal wall resecton was performed, followed by total histerectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, peritoneal cavity lavage, and temporary abdominal closure with a Bogotá bag. Afer prolonged hospitalizaton in an intensive care unit, the abdominal wall was closed using a polyglactin mesh in contact with the viscera, on which a polypropylene mesh was placed to provide resistance. Negative pressure wound therapy with a Barker´s vacuum pack was started untl the reconstructon of the abdominal wall with autolo-gous skin grafis could be programmed. Then, a V.A.C. ATS ® therapy was used on skin grafis, showing a favorable evoluton. The objective of this scientific leter is to discuss an uncommon complicaton of the cesarean secton, emphasizing the most important aspects of the disease, and defining recommendatons for the mana-gement of this pathology and its multidisciplinary approach.

La infección necrotzante de partes blandas (INPB) es una entidad rara, que afecta principalmente a individuos con factores de riesgo específicos pero en ocasiones suele afectar a mujeres puérperas, que al poseer un estado de inmunosupresión favorecería la aparición y curso más agresivo de la enfermedad. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 20 años edad puérpera, sin antecedentes patológicos, que desarrolla una fascits necrotzante de la pared abdominal como complicación de una cesárea. Se realizó una resección amplia de la pared abdominal, anexohisterectomía, lavado de cavidad peritoneal y cierre temporal con bolsa de Bogotá. Tras una internación prolongada en unidad de terapia intensiva se programó el cierre de la pared abdominal utlizando una malla de poliglactina en contacto con las vísceras, sobre la cual se colocó una malla de polipropileno para proporcionar resistencia. Se inicia terapia de presión negativa (TPN) con vacuum pack de Barker hasta programar la reconstrucción de la pared abdominal con injertos de piel autólogos. Luego se continúo tratamiento con sistema V.A.C. ® ATS sobre los injertos, presentando una evolución favorable. El objetivo de esta carta científica es presentar una complicación poco habitual de la operación cesárea, destacando los aspectos más importantes de la enfermedad, definiendo algunas recomendaciones y remarcando la importancia del abordaje multidisciplinario.

Abstract Polycrystalline thin film solar cells made with absorber materials such as CdTe, CIGS, CZTS and metalorganic halides (perovskites) are currently important alternatives for the silicon solar cell technology, which still dominates the photovoltaic market. Then, it is important to have tools which can be used to design this kind of solar cells. For this purpose, we have developed a unified simple analytical model that can be applied to thin film solar cells. The model is based on the basic physics of hetero-junction devices, but it takes into consideration that the space charge region can extend along the major part of the cell length, particularly for very thin cells, causing important effects that typically are not observed in conventional junction devices. Photo-generated carriers are collected by electric field-drift instead of diffusion, and simultaneously strong recombination at this region may dominate the electrical I-V characteristic of the cell. Since the space-charge region width varies with the applied voltage, the illumination current density and the saturation dark current density are no longer independent of the voltage as is assumed for conventional solar cells. When the model is applied to CIS and CdTe solar cells as examples, it is found that it is possible to design very thin film solar cells (absorber less than 1 μm thick) with high efficiencies, whenever the recombination velocity at the back surface becomes small (102 cm/s), instead of the high recombination velocities present at ohmic contacts (107 cm/s). This fact implies the cost reduction of thin film solar cells by reducing absorber material thickness, and therefore it poses a challenge to develop deposition methods for very thin CdTe and CIGS absorber materials without pinholes, so that improved efficiencies are obtained when the surface recombination velocity is made small at the back by having a p+ or an electron blocking region before the ohmic contact. This result also explains the high efficiencies achieved by very thin perovskite solar cells.

Resumen En este trabajo, reportamos la caracterización de monocristales de Si(100) y GaSb(111) utilizando espectroscopia Raman y fotoacóstica (principal interés) en configuración abierta y cerrada, para compuestos semiconductores III-V con estructura tipo zinc blenda. Los espectros Raman generalmente muestran dos picos, un pico a baja frecuencia correspondiente a modos fononicos TO y un pico en alta frecuencia correspondiente a modos fononicos LO. Un fuerte pico es mostrado en la position 226 cm-1 y uno un poco más débil en 237 cm-1, que son los modos TO y LO respectivamente, debido a la orientación cristalina del material. Con el fin de determinar la difusividad térmica de los materiales se utilizaron láseres con longitudes de onda de 650 nm y 535 nm. Los resultados de la difusividad térmica de los monocristales de Si y GaSb, obtenidos a partir del modelo de Rosencwaig y Gersho (RG) se analizaron en función de la orientación cristalográfica. Discutimos la recombinación no-radiactiva que se origina en la superficie y en el volumen del cristal, que contribuye a la señal fotoacústica, en términos del tipo de celda y de la línea de excitación.

Abstract In this work, we report the characterization of Si (100) and GaSb (111) single crystals by using Raman spectroscopy and a photoacoustic cell in open and closed configuration. For III-V compound semiconductors of the zinc-blende crystal structure, Raman spectra generally show two peaks. The lower-frequency peak corresponds to TO phonons, and the higher frequency peak corresponds to LO phonons. A strong peak was found at 226 cm-1 and a weak peak at 237 cm-1, which are the TO and LO modes, respectively. Raman spectrum of GaSb (111) show that the integrate intensity of TO mode is greater than LO mode due to disoriented of the single crystal. In order to obtain the thermal diffuivity, the crystals were exciting by means of solid-state lasers of wavelengths of 650 nm and 535 nm, respectively. The results of the thermal diffusivity of single crystals, obtained from the Rosencwaig and Gersho (RG) model were analyzed according to the crystallographic orientation. We have also discussed the contribution of the non-radiative recombination to the photoacustic signal from surface and bulk depending on the type of cell and excitation of the laser line.

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica afeta mais de 1,2 milhão de pessoas no mundo. Apenas 35% dos pacientes hipertensos têm valores de pressão arterial controlados. Recentemente a denervação simpática renal (DSR) tem demonstrado diminuir significativamente os valores de pressão arterial nos pacientes com hipertensão arterial sistêmica resistente. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, de braço único, observacional, multicêntrico, incluindo pacientes consecutivos submetidos a DSR. O objetivo primário foi avaliar os níveis da pressão arterial sistólica aos 30 dias de seguimento. O objetivo secundário foi determinar a ocorrência de qualquer evento adverso relacionado com o procedimento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos os primeiros 20 pacientes submetidos a DSR. A média de pressão arterial antes do procedimento foi de 171,6/93,2 ± 15,5/11,3 mmHg, com média de uso de 4,1 ± 1,5 fármacos anti-hipertensivos por paciente. A taxa de sucesso foi de 95%, tendo sido aplicadas 11,1 ± 1,9 ablações por paciente. Foi observada diminuição média de 29 ± 21 mmHg (P = 0,009) na pressão arterial sistólica 30 dias após o procedimento. Não houve complicação associada ao procedimento. CONCLUSÕES: A DSR por cateter em pacientes da prática clínica diária diminuiu significativamente os valores de pressão arterial. Em nossa experiência, a DSR demonstrou ser factível e segura.

BACKGROUND: Systemic arterial hypertension affects over 1.2 million people worldwide. Only 35% of hypertensive patients have controlled blood pressure levels. Renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) has shown to significantly decrease blood pressure levels in patients with resistant systemic hypertension. METHODS: Prospective, single arm, observational, multicenter study including consecutive patients undergoing RSD. The primary endpoint was to assess systolic blood pressure levels at the 30-day follow-up. The secondary endpoint was to determine the presence of procedure-related adverse events. RESULTS: The first 20 patients undergoing RSD were included. The average blood pressure prior the procedure was 171.6/93.2 ± 15.5/ 11.3 mmHg, with the use of 4.1 ± 1.5 antihypertensive drugs per patient. Success rate was 95%, and 11.1 ± 1.9 ablations were performed per patient. A systolic blood pressure decrease of 29 ± 21 mmHg (P = 0.009) was observed 30 days after the procedure. There were no procedure-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter-based RSD in daily clinical practice patients significantly decreased blood pressure levels. In our experience, RSD proved to be feasible and safe.

In spite of its being a legal dissertation, the treatise De iustitia distributiva et acceptione personarum ei opposita disceptatio gives its author, the Franciscan friar Juan de Zapata y Sandoval, the opportunity to disclosure his loving feelings for his sweet and beloved homeland and to utter his complaints about his country’s misfortunes. In this article we discuss Zapata᾽s defense of the controversy regarding the claim that people of indigenous, half-blood and criollo descent stake to access to benefits of clergy and civil posts.

A pesar de que el tratado De iustitia distributiva et acceptione personarum ei opposita disceptatio es una disertación jurídica, su autor, el fraile agustino fray Juan de Zapata y Sandoval, aprovecha la oportunidad para confesar allí su amor a la dulce y amada patria y desahogar sus quejas por las desgracias que la afligen. En este artículo discutimos la defensa que hace Zapata en el marco de la controversia sobre el derecho que indios, mestizos y criollos reclaman a beneficios eclesiásticos y cargos civiles.

Resumen La obra de Zapata consta de las tres partes siguientes, divididas en capítulos: I. Sobre la justicia en sí misma, su objeto, partes y clases, y sobre la acepción de personas y su esencia. II. ¿En quiénes tiene lugar la acepción de personas y la injusta distribución de bienes? Trataremos sobre la elección para beneficios eclesiásticos y oficios civiles y sobre la distribución de cargas y tributos de la República. III. ¿A qué están obligados los que distribuyen injustamente estos oficios, y en ellos hacen acepción de personas, y aquellos que impiden la consecución de todos estos fines?