ABSTRACT Introduction: Considering the rising occurrence of posttranplant diabetes and the elevated cardiovascular burden among transplant recipients, the utilization of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in this group is appealing because of their cardiovascular and renoprotective benefits. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of evidence for diabetic kidney transplant recipients (DKTRs) owing to concerns about potential renal graft damage and adverse effects. Methods: This retrospective study was devised to assess the effectiveness and safety of SGLT2i in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The main focus was on evaluating their impact on parameters such as haemoglobin A1c levels, body mass index (BMI), lipid panel, haemoglobin levels, renal allograft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) and urirnary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Results: A total of 75 renal transplant patients were included in this investigation. The study spanned a median observation period of 18 (2.0–71.0) months. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline was 61,9 (26–120) mL/min/1.73 m2 and remained stable throughout the follow-up. Median HbA1cdecreased from 7.5 to 7.0% (95% CI; p<0,002). A significant improvement in BMI (95% CI; p<0,001) and lipid panel (95% CI; p<0,05) were also observed. Median haemoglobin rate at baseline was 13,5g/dL and modestly improved at end of follow-up to 13,7g/dL (p=0,12). Regarding urinary protein:creatinine ratio, levels slightly but not significantly rose [+0.05 g/g (p=0,9)]. In a post-hoc subgroup analysis, the rate of urinary tract infections was low (10%). No other side effects were observed during the treatment course. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the administration of SGLT2i is viable and well-tolerated, with no notable side effects observed in KTRs. However, the question of whether SGLT2i can effectively lower cardiovascular mortality and enhance allograft survival in these patients remains to be explored in subsequent studies. Introduction SGLT SGLTi i (SGLT2i benefits Nevertheless DKTRs (DKTRs Methods KTRs . (KTRs) Ac c BMI, , (BMI) proteintocreatinine protein creatinine ratio Results 7 investigation 1 2.0–71.0 20710 2 0 71 (2.0–71.0 months 619 61 9 61, 26–120 26120 26 120 (26–120 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 73 mL/min/1.7 m followup. followup follow up. up HbAcdecreased HbA cdecreased 5 7. 70 7.0 95% 95 (95 CI p<0,002. p0002 p p<0,002 002 p<0,002) p<0,001 p0001 001 p<0,05 p005 05 135gdL gdL 13 5g dL g 137gdL 7g p=0,12. p012 p=0,12 12 (p=0,12) proteincreatinine +0.05 005 [+0.0 gg p=0,9. p09 p=0,9 (p=0,9)] posthoc post hoc analysis 10%. 10 10% (10%) course Conclusions welltolerated, welltolerated well tolerated, tolerated well-tolerated However studies (KTRs (BMI 2.0–71. 2071 (2.0–71. 6 26–12 2612 (26–12 mLmin17 mL/min/1. (9 p000 p<0,00 00 p<0,0 p00 p01 p=0,1 (p=0,12 +0.0 [+0. p0 p=0, (p=0,9) (10% 2.0–71 207 (2.0–71 26–1 261 (26–1 mLmin1 mL/min/1 ( p<0, (p=0,1 +0. [+0 p=0 (p=0,9 (10 2.0–7 20 (2.0–7 26– (26– mL/min/ p<0 (p=0, +0 [+ p= (1 2.0– (2.0– (26 mL/min p< (p=0 + [ 2.0 (2.0 (2 (p= 2. (2. (p

RESUMO Introdução: Considerando o aumento da incidência de diabetes pós-transplante e o elevado impacto cardiovascular entre os receptores de transplantes, este facto faz com que o uso de inibidores de SGLT2 nesse grupo seja atrativo devido aos seus benefícios cardiovasculares e renoprotetores. No entanto, há escassez de evidência nos receptores de transplante renal com diabetes devido a preocupações com possíveis danos ao enxerto renal e efeitos adversos. Métodos: Este estudo retrospectivo foi elaborado para avaliar a eficácia e segurança dos inibidores de SGLT2 em receptores de transplante renal (KTRs). O foco principal foi avaliar o seu impacto em parâmetros como níveis de hemoglobina A1c, índice de massa corporal (IMC), perfil lipídico, níveis de hemoglobina, função do enxerto renal (taxa de filtração glomerular estimada) e relação proteína/creatinina urinária. Resultados: Um total de 75 pacientes receptores de transplante renal foram incluídos em nossa investigação. O estudo abrangeu um período de observação mediano de 18 (2,0–71,0) meses. A taxa média de filtração glomerular estimada no início foi de 61,9 (26–120) mL/min/1,73 m2 e permaneceu estável durante o acompanhamento. A mediana da HbA1c diminuiu de 7,5 para 7,0% (IC 95%; p<0,002). A melhora significativa no IMC (IC 95%; p<0,001) e no perfil lipídico (IC 95%; p<0,05) também foram observados. A taxa média de hemoglobina no início foi de 13,5g/dL e melhorou modestamente no final do acompanhamento para 13,7g/dL (p=0,12). Em relação à relação proteína/creatinina urinária, os níveis aumentaram ligeiramente, mas não significativamente [+0,05 g/g (p=0,9)]. Numa análise de subgrupo post-hoc, a taxa de infecções do trato urinário foi baixa (10%). Nenhum outro efeito colateral foi observado durante o curso do tratamento. Conclusões: Este estudo demonstra que a administração de inibidores de SGLT2 é viável e bem tolerada, sem efeitos colaterais notáveis em receptores de transplante renal. No entanto, a questão de saber se a inibição do SGLT2 pode efetivamente reduzir a mortalidade cardiovascular e melhorar a sobrevida do enxerto nesses pacientes permanece a ser explorada em estudos subsequentes. Introdução póstransplante pós transplantes SGLT renoprotetores entanto adversos Métodos KTRs. KTRs . (KTRs) A1c Ac c IMC, , (IMC) proteínacreatinina proteína creatinina urinária Resultados 7 investigação 1 2,0–71,0 20710 2 0 71 (2,0–71,0 meses 619 61 9 61, 26–120 26120 26 120 (26–120 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 73 mL/min/1,7 m HbAc HbA 5 7, 70 7,0 IC 95% 95 p<0,002. p0002 p p<0,002 002 p<0,002) p<0,001 p0001 001 p<0,05 p005 05 observados 135gdL gdL 13 5g dL g 137gdL 7g p=0,12. p012 p=0,12 12 (p=0,12) ligeiramente +0,05 005 [+0,0 gg p=0,9. p09 p=0,9 (p=0,9)] posthoc, posthoc post hoc, hoc post-hoc 10%. 10 10% (10%) tratamento Conclusões tolerada subsequentes (KTRs (IMC 2,0–71, 2071 (2,0–71, 6 26–12 2612 (26–12 mLmin17 mL/min/1, p000 p<0,00 00 p<0,0 p00 p01 p=0,1 (p=0,12 +0,0 [+0, p0 p=0, (p=0,9) (10% 2,0–71 207 (2,0–71 26–1 261 (26–1 mLmin1 mL/min/1 p<0, (p=0,1 +0, [+0 p=0 (p=0,9 (10 2,0–7 20 (2,0–7 26– (26– mL/min/ p<0 (p=0, +0 [+ p= (1 2,0– (2,0– (26 mL/min p< (p=0 + [ ( 2,0 (2,0 (2 (p= 2, (2, (p

Resumo Os anticorpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCAs) estão associados à vasculite de pequenos vasos, no entanto, a sua prevalência não é rara em outras doenças imunológicas. Na nefrite lúpica (LN), o seu papel patológico e relevância clínica têm sido alvo de pontos de vista controversos. Apresentamos um caso de lesão renal aguda e síndrome nefrótica em uma jovem com nefrite proliferativa difusa e membranosa em sua biópsia renal, muito alusivo a NL classe IV + V, com um padrão full house na imunofluorescência, mas sem critérios clínicos e achados laboratoriais para corroborar o diagnóstico de lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). Não obstante, a paciente apresentou títulos elevados de ANCA, que diminuiram progressivamente com a melhoria da função renal e da proteinúria, após tratamento com micofenolato de mofetil (MMF) e esteróide. Os autores acreditam que se trata de um caso de nefrite semelhante à nefrite lúpica, em que os ANCAs são marcadores imunológicos, embora não estejam diretamente envolvidos na patogênese.

Abstract Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) are associated with small vessel vasculitis but their prevalence is not rare in other immune diseases. In lupus nephritis (LN), their pathological role and clinical relevance have been the target of controversial views. We present a case of acute kidney injury and nephrotic syndrome in a young woman with diffuse global proliferative and membranous nephritis on her kidney biopsy, showing a full-house immunofluorescence pattern, very allusive of class IV + V LN, but lacking associated clinical criteria and laboratory findings to support the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Furthermore, the patient presented with high titers of ANCA, steadily decreasing alongside the renal function and proteinuria improvements, with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and steroid treatment. The authors believe this is a case of lupus-like nephritis, in which ANCAs are immunological markers, although they are not directly involved in the pathogenesis.

ABSTRACT Background: There is an ongoing increasing focus on person‑centered individualized dialysis prescription. For this model, incremental peritoneal dialysis has been established as a strategy to start peritoneal dialysis, with an intention to increase the dose of peritoneal dialysis, as a consequence of renal clearance declines. In spite of being broadly accepted, the evidence of non‑inferiority of the incremental approach in comparison with full dose peritoneal dialysis is weak. To disclose the possibility and safety of an incremental approach in incident patients, we assessed patients and technique survival (main outcomes) between incremental and full dose peritoneal dialysis. We also compared the effects in the clinical parameters of adequacy, urinary output and peritonitis incidence in both approaches. Methods: Following a retrospective design, we undertook an observational study in our center over 20 years. We investigated 106 patients divided into two groups, according to initial peritoneal dialysis strategy (incremental or full dose). We used multivariate multinomial model to assess predictors of peritonitis. The main outcomes were studies using a competing risk model. Results: One year after peritoneal dialysis start, our data disclosed statistically significant differences of phosphatemia and solute removal between full dose and incremental approach, favoring the latter. In an incremental approach, two or more peritoneal infections and drop out to hemodialysis were less usual. Conclusions: Incremental peritoneal prescription seems to be a good choice to start peritoneal dialysis. Potential benefits and, above all, safety reinforce the adoption of incremental peritoneal dialysis in incident patients as a strategy of individualized care, in compliance with new guidelines.