RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os atravessamentos de gênero nas práticas pedagógicas e nas brincadeiras de uma turma de “Maternal 3”, evidenciando as expectativas acerca dos comportamentos de meninos e meninas. Como estratégia de coleta de dados, adotaram-se, privilegiadamente as observações com registro em diário de campo; processo que teve a duração de seis meses. Além disso, de forma complementar, foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas com a professora e auxiliar de ensino da turma, bem como com a diretora e coordenadora pedagógica da escola. A análise dos dados se deu por meio dos procedimentos da Análise de Conteúdo. Evidenciou-se que gênero produziu práticas pedagógicas normativas que tentaram invisibilizar os sujeitos que se desviavam do centro. Essa invisibilidade pareceu necessária para reforçar as relações de poder que estiveram presentes nas rotinas e atravessaram as práticas pedagógicas, direcionando os alunos aos seus “devidos locais”.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze gender crossings in the pedagogical practices and playtime activities in a nursery group - "Maternal 3”, highlighting what was expected from boys and girls in regard to their behavior. As a data collection strategy, semi-structured interviews and observation, in which notes were taken and registered in a journal, were the methods adopted. This process took six months. It was evident that gender produced normative pedagogical practices which tried to make invisible the subjects who deviated from the center. This invisibility seemed necessary to reinforce the power relations that were present in the routines and crossed the pedagogical practices, keeping the students in “their places".

Inorganic elements present in pharmaceutical products were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), employing microwave acid digestion as a sample preparation method. The most abundant isotopes, 75As+, 65Cu+, 52Cr+, 58Ni+, 208Pb+, and 51V+, were determined in acyclovir ointment and its constituents. Elemental impurities in the pharmaceutical samples were determined using an inductively coupled plasma-universal cell technology-mass spectrometer (ICP-UCT-MS) operated in kinetic energy discrimination (KED) and standard mode. The accuracy of the method was assessed by means of addition and recovery experiments. Except for Cr, spiked recoveries of the elements added to the samples before microwave acid digestion (MW-AD) step were between 95.1 and 126%, and after MW-AD step ranged from 85.6 to 132%. Limits of detection (LOD) obtained by proposed method is in agreement to those required by the U.S. Pharmacopeia Convention (USP), showing that the ICP-MS technique is well suited for quantification of these elements. The LOD's (ng L-1) for 51V+, 52Cr+, 58Ni+, 65Cu+, 75As+ and 208Pb+ in 1% v v-1 HNO3 medium were: 2.2, 81.3, 91.9, 6.9, 0.2 and 3.1, respectively. The concentration of the analytes in these samples presented a wide range, varying from 2.3 ± 0.8 µg kg-1 for As to 3446 ± 47 µg kg-1 for Cr.

Neste trabalho foi feita a determinação de nove metais em amostras superficiais e testemunhos de sedimentos de cinco locais de amostragens nos rios Preto, Turvo e Grande em períodos chuvoso e seco. Os metais foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização por chama. Análise de componentes principais dos dados foi feita para avaliar os fatores que controlam as variações nas concentrações de metais. A granulometria e teor de matéria orgânica foram determinantes das concentrações de metais. No rio Preto (área urbana) concentrações elevadas de Zn são provenientes de aporte antrópico, enquanto que no rio Turvo (represamento, área rural) níveis elevados de nitrogênio total, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn e Ni foram decorrentes do escoamento superficial agrícola. Os demais locais mostraram menores concentrações de metais, porém violações dos valores guia de qualidade de sedimento, principalmente para Cr e Mn, indicam a necessidade de estratégias de gerenciamento da Bacia Hidrográfica do Turvo/Grande.

In this work, nine metals were determined in superficial samples and sediment cores obtained from five sampling sites in the Preto, Turvo, and Grande Rivers during the wet and dry seasons. The metals were determined by flame atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. Principal component analysis of the data was performed to evaluate the factors responsible for the variations in metal concentrations. Granulometry and organic matter were the determining factors of metals concentrations. In the Preto River (urban area), high Zn concentrations are due to anthropic sources, whereas the high levels of total nitrogen, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, and Ni in the Turvo river (damming, rural area) are due to agricultural runoff. Although lower concentrations of metals were observed at the remaining sites, violations of the guide values for sediment quality, particularly for Cr and Mn, indicate the need for management strategies for the Turvo/Grande Hydrographic Basin.