Utilizando-se de fotografias aéreas verticais, em escala aproximada de 1:25.000, foram fixadas características para a fotointerpretação de eucaliptais, na região centro-sudeste paulista. Na escala referida pôde-se estabelecer a distribuição e localização das glebas cultivadas, estimar as áreas ocupadas e o número de árvores existentes em 1962. Os aspectos definidos, para as diferentes fases da cultura, foram indicados em estereogramas nas escalas aproximadas de 1:25.000 e 1:10.000, mostrando as principais formas básicas para fotointerpretação de eucaliptais.

Using vertical aerial photographs taken in 1962 at an approximate 1:25,000 scale, the author established certain correlations betwen characteristics of eucalyptus groves and their photographic details as they appeared in the pictures. No key was established but just a first contribution presented in the definition of the most important photographic aspects of Eucalyptus groves in counties of the middle-southeastern region of the State of São Paulo. It was found possible to determine the probable age and forest exploitation stages of the photographed eucalyptus groves, the data thus, obtained allowing an evaluation of the amount of raw material available and the types of forest management and planning. The most important characteristics were indicated in stereograms on an 1:25,000 and 1:10,000 scale. Although photographs taken on an 1:25,000 scale are not the most indicated for forest studies, the fact that they were available, from the general aerophotogrammetric coverage of the State of São Paulo, makes them acceptable for these studies due to their low cost.

É apresentado o levantamento por fotoínterpretação da cobertura vegetal de floresta natural e reflorestamento no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O trabalho foi feito pelo método estatístico de amostragem sistemática, utilizando-se templetos com sinais indicadores dos pontos a serem examinados. Foram interpretados, para a área do Estado de São Paulo, 915.570 pontos, representando cada um 27,15 ha. A área com floresta natural foi de 3.405.800 ha, e com reflorestamento, de 372.9000 ha, representando respectivamente 13,70% e 1,50% da área total do Estado.

The present paper refers to the survey of the vegetal cover characterized as forests and as reforested areas in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. This was obtained directly on mosaics, thourgh photointerpretation, using when necessary the aerial vertical photos from the aerophotogrammetric survey of the State of São Paulo done in 1962. In the characterization of forests, the height and density of the trees were taken into consideration, describing the texture of the type of covers on the photos with sampling of fields. In a similar way this was done for reforested areas, also taking into account the factors of formation of areas covered with trees destined to activities connected with silviculture with uniform characterization in regard to the photographic structure. The work was done by means of a systematic sampling method, using templets indicating points to be examined. For the area of São Paulo, 915,570 points were interpreted, each one representing 27.15 ha. Results obtained were the following; forests 3,405,900 ha and reforested areas 372,900 ha, this corresponding respectively to 13.70 and 1.50% of the total area of the State.

São relatados estudos efetuados nos municípios de São Sebastião, Caraguatatuba e Ubatuba, no litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, relativos à distribuição da cultura da bananeira. Os trabalhos foram executados com apoio em fotografias aéreas verticais, tiradas em 1962, na escala aproximada de 1:25.000. Estimaram-se os totais de 2.606 ha, ocupados por 2.377.500 pés de bananeira, localizados, quase totalmente, em solos das partes baixas da região. Cêrca de 60% da área plantada e 70% do total de pés estão localizados no município de Caraguatatuba. Correlações de clima, solo e outras de interêsse para a cultura foram efetuadas.

There are reported studies carried out in the counties of São Sebastião, Caraguatatuba and Ubatuba, on the north coast of the State of São Paulo, relative to distribution of banana cultures. Work was done with the help of vertical aerial photographs taken in 1962 on the approximate scale of 1:25,000. A total of 2,606 ha was estimated holding 2,377,500 banana plants, located almost in their totality on soils of the lowlands of the region. About 60% of the planted area and 70% of the total of plants are located in the Caraguatatuba county. Correlations of climate, soil and others of interest for this crop have been worked out.

A identificação e a classificação dos solos em séries são baseadas em várias características, das quais uma é a côr. Esta é condicionada por um grupo de fatôres, destacando-se o relacionado ao teor de umidade do solo. Para observar e estabelecer os limites de variação da côr do solo com a umidade, os autores, empregando o sistema Munsell, trabalharam com amostras naturais e preparadas das principais séries monotípicas que ocorrem na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas. As séries monotípicas de drenagem imperfeita é que mostraram sofrer maior influência da umidade na sua côr. A côr das amostras preparadas (TFSA) não se mostrou representativa das séries. A variação da umidade atua de forma mais rápida e signifieativa sôbre o «valor», exceto para as terras-roxas, onde o «croma» se mostra mais sensível. A componente da côr menos influenciada pela variação da umidade é o «colorido». Na determinação da côr das séries analisadas, os autores também verificaram a influência de outros fatôres, como: luz ambiente, hora da determinação, estado da tabela padrão e exposição da amostra ao ar.

Several soil properties are used for identification and classification of soil series, of which color is one of great importance. It depends upon a group of factors as color is particularly sensible to the influence of soil moisture. At the Central Experiment Station in Campinas a study of color was made by employing natural and prepared samples of soil series ranging from dry soil to soil with highest moisture content, whereby the Munsell Soil Color Charts were used for color determination. As for prepared (air-dried and sieved) samples, they may not be given representative colors as of the natural soil samples. Their variation in color is beyond that found in the field. Series of the imperfect group up to the very poorly drained showed the greatest moisture-level influence in the color of natural soil. Commonly these series are admitted to wider variation in color or under some circumstances these properties are not accounted for in identification. The well drained soil color variations derived from moisture level between series specified limits. The field work mapping can be done in this region at any time if the critical point is the color determination. The best moisture condition for soil color determination is that close to the natural conditions. The moisture variation has significant effect on the VALUE except for the «terra roxa» soil (red soil) where the CHROMA shows more sensibility. The CHROMA is the- color component the least affected by moisture variation. In the color determination of the series studied, the authors also noticed the influence of the following factors: environmental light conditions; time of determination; soil color chart conservation and exposure of samples to the air. Since many external conditions affect the results of these determinations, they must be checked carefully, for data comparison.