ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the occurrence, duration, and intensity of the flushes of vegetative growth in two peach cultivars of Prunus persica L. Batsch, grown as a pioneer endeavor at a high-altitude tropical climate site in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The observational experiment was carried out in 2017/18 and 2018/19 on the ‘Tropic Beauty’ and ‘BRS Kampai’ cultivars by an evaluation of the number and duration of flushes of vegetative growth during the year over two cycles. The number of fruit-bearing shoots, total number of leaves and shoot length were also assessed. At harvest, fruit load and diameter were determined and grouped into diameter ranges. The number of hours recorded at different temperature ranges, < 10.0 °C; 10.1-15.0 °C; 15.1-20.0 °C; 20.1-25.0 °C; > 25.1 °C, were summed separately and divided into daily and nightly periods. The peach tree has an unusual vegetative growth pattern when cultivated in a tropical area, which occurs in two flushes, with the first flush occurring from budbreak to fruit harvest between June and Sept, forming short shoots (less than 10 cm), with early shoot growth cessation, with a limited leaf number that can potentially diminish the supply of carbohydrates to the fruit, leading to smaller growth. The second flush occurs after harvest, between Oct and Dec, when there is an increase in daily temperature and precipitation, and no competition with fruits. Notabily, these second flush shoots grow with greater vigor and regularization of the growth cycle, forming fruit-bearing shoots with abundant leaf and flower buds for the next production cycle. occurrence L Batsch highaltitude high altitude Gerais Brazil 201718 2017 18 2017/1 201819 2018 19 2018/1 Tropic Beauty BRS Kampai cycles fruitbearing bearing assessed ranges 100 0 10. °C C 10.115.0 101150 10.1 15.0 1 15 10.1-15. 15.120.0 151200 15.1 20.0 20 15.1-20. 20.125.0 201250 20.1 25.0 25 20.1-25. 251 25. periods area Sept less cm, cm , cm) cessation Dec precipitation fruits Notabily cycle 20171 201 2017/ 20181 2018/ 115 10.115. 10115 101 150 15. 10.1-15 120 15.120. 15120 151 200 20. 2 15.1-20 125 20.125. 20125 250 20.1-25 11 10.115 1011 10.1-1 12 15.120 1512 15.1-2 20.125 2012 20.1-2 10.11 10.1- 15.12 15.1- 20.12 20.1-

ABSTRACT. Downy mildew is a major problem for grape growers, as this disease is difficult to control. Synthetic fungicides are used to treat downy mildew with handheld backpack and tractor sprayer applications, with high chemical exposure by operators. As important tools for maximising yield, application technologies must be studied to optimise control efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of fungicide spray application using Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) for the control of downy mildew in grapevine, with different spray volumes. The study was divided into two experiments using 4 vine lines, 10 blocks and 5 treatments with different mixture volumes: Experiment 1 with RPA application of 5 mixture volumes - 0, 22, 44, 66, and 88 L ha−1; Experiment 2 with RPA application of 3 mixture volumes - 44, 66, and 88 L ha−1 and a backpack application of one mixture volume - 800 L ha−1. Coverage percentage, droplet density and volume median diameter (VMD) were evaluated. Downy mildew severity on grapevine leaves was assessed using visual analysis and a diagrammatic scale. The application of 44 L ha−1 provided the greatest coverage and droplet density in the upper and middle strata; however, the backpack application had a better droplet distribution than the RPA application. Treatments of 44 L ha−1 with RPA and backpack application (800 L ha−1) provided the best disease control. In the trellis system, RPA application must be improved because of the low coverage in the lower parts of the plant, and further studies with different spray nozzles and application heights are needed. ABSTRACT growers applications operators yield (RPA lines 0 22 66 8 ha1 ha ha− 80 percentage VMD (VMD evaluated scale strata however (80 system plant needed 6 (8 (

RESUMO Sistemas de condução de pessegueiros com porta-enxertos clonais que reduzem vigor da copa são os mais adotados mundialmente. Entretanto, no Brasil ainda se utiliza porta-enxertos propagados por sementes, que são vigorosos e heterogêneos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar porta-enxertos que induzam qualidade de frutos, eficiência produtiva, controle de vigor, adaptabilidade e estabilidade em ‘BRS-Kampai’ cultivada em regiões subtropicais com invernos amenos. Foram utilizadas metodologias de adaptabilidade e estabilidade e índice de seleção multivariada para determinar os componentes de produção e qualidade dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em cinco ciclos. Os tratamentos consistiram de pessegueiro ‘BRS-Kampai’ autoenraizado ou enxertado em 17 porta-enxertos clonais de Prunus spp. As variáveis avaliadas foram produção por planta, produtividade por área, massa de frutos, diâmetro e firmeza de frutos, teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, volume de copa e eficiência produtiva. Em regiões subtropicais com invernos ‘Ishtara®’, ‘Genovesa’, ‘Santa Rosa’ e ‘Cadaman’ induziram baixa produtividade e baixa qualidade de frutos na ‘BRS-Kampai’ e não apresentam potencial para uso como porta-enxertos. ‘BRS-Kampai’ autoenraizadas ou enxertadas em ‘Flordaguard’ e ‘Okinawa’ são alternativas para o cultivo do pessegueiro, embora os sistemas de condução e poda devam ser ajustados devido ao alto vigor. Os porta-enxertos clonais ‘Tsukuba-3’ e ‘Tsukuba-2’ induziram o maior desempenho produtivo na ‘BRS-Kampai’, aliando qualidade de frutos, produtividade com maior estabilidade e eficiência produtiva tornando-os os mais indicados entre os porta-enxertos estudados. portaenxertos porta enxertos mundialmente Entretanto sementes heterogêneos ‘BRSKampai BRSKampai ‘BRS Kampai BRS ‘BRS-Kampai amenos ciclos 1 spp planta área solúveis titulável ‘Ishtara®, Ishtara ‘Ishtara® , ‘Ishtara®’ ‘Genovesa, Genovesa ‘Genovesa ‘Genovesa’ Santa Rosa ‘Cadaman Cadaman portaenxertos. enxertos. ‘Flordaguard Flordaguard ‘Okinawa Okinawa ‘Tsukuba3 Tsukuba3 Tsukuba ‘Tsukuba 3 ‘Tsukuba-3 ‘Tsukuba2 Tsukuba2 2 ‘Tsukuba-2 ‘BRSKampai, tornandoos tornando estudados ‘Ishtara ‘Tsukuba-

ABSTRACT The worldwide main peach-producing are adopting peach training systems with canopy size-controlling clonal rootstocks. However, most peach seedlings commercialised in Brazil are still on seed-propagated rootstocks, which are vigorous and heterogeneous. This study aimed to select rootstocks which induce desirable characteristics of fruit quality, yield efficiency, size control, adaptability and stability in the ‘BRS-Kampai’ grown in subtropical regions with mild winters. We used adaptability and stability methodology and multivariate selection index to determine yield components and fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in five cycles. The treatments consisted of ‘BRS-Kampai’ grafted onto 17 clonal rootstocks of Prunus spp. and own-rooted trees. The evaluated variables were yield per tree, yield per area, fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, canopy volume and yield efficiency. The rootstocks ‘Ishtara®’, ‘Genovesa’, ‘Santa Rosa’ and ‘Cadaman’ always induced low yield and low fruit quality when used as clonal rootstocks for the ‘BRS-Kampai’ and showed no potential for use as rootstocks in subtropical humid regions with mild winters. The ‘BRS-Kampai’ own-rooted peach trees or those grafted onto ‘Flordaguard’, ‘Okinawa’ are alternatives for peach cultivation under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Pato Branco-PR, although the training and pruning systems must be adjusted due to high vigour. The clonal rootstocks ‘Tsukuba-3’ and ‘Tsukuba-2’ induced the highest production performance in the canopy cultivar BRS-Kampai, combining fruit quality, yield with higher stability, and yield efficiency making them the most suitable ones among the studied rootstocks. peachproducing producing sizecontrolling controlling However seedpropagated seed propagated heterogeneous control ‘BRSKampai BRSKampai ‘BRS Kampai BRS ‘BRS-Kampai winters cycles 1 spp ownrooted own rooted tree area mass diameter firmness content acidity ‘Ishtara®, Ishtara ‘Ishtara® , ‘Ishtara®’ ‘Genovesa, Genovesa ‘Genovesa ‘Genovesa’ Santa Rosa ‘Cadaman Cadaman ‘Flordaguard, Flordaguard ‘Flordaguard ‘Flordaguard’ ‘Okinawa Okinawa BrancoPR, BrancoPR Branco PR, PR Branco-PR vigour ‘Tsukuba3 Tsukuba3 Tsukuba ‘Tsukuba 3 ‘Tsukuba-3 ‘Tsukuba2 Tsukuba2 2 ‘Tsukuba-2 BRSKampai, Kampai, BRS-Kampai ‘Ishtara ‘Tsukuba-

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT: Compatibility between scion and rootstock is crucial for the success of grapevine graft production. The objective of the study was to evaluate different scion/rootstock combinations on survival, initial development, and oxidative stress associated with compatibility in grapevine. Experimental design was a randomized bifactorial scheme 4 × 5, and 15 plants per plot. Factor A consisted of four rootstocks (‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, and ‘Freedom’), and factor B consisted of five scion cultivars (‘BRS Carmem’, ‘BRS Magna’, ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel Precoce’, and ‘Concord Clone 30’). At 90 days after granting, the following variables were analyzed: graft survival percentage, leaf and roots number, leaf area, shoot and main root length, and dry mass of leaf and roots, and stems. Oxidative stress was evaluated in combinations of scion/rootstock with high and low survival rates at 0, 10, and 20 days after removal from the forcing chamber, based on peroxidases (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The combination with the best initial development was ‘IAC 572 Jales/BRS Carmem’. ‘Paulsen 1103’ showed low compatibility with ‘Isabel Precoce’, reducing overall development. Combinations with high grafts survival rates exhibited higher SOD activity and lower POX activity and H2O2 content. In conclusion, the rootstocks ‘IAC 572 Jales’ and ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ promoted, respectively, the highest and lowest grafts survival rates and initial development. production scionrootstock 5 1 plot IAC 57 Jales, Jales , 76 Campinas, Campinas Paulsen 1103, 1103 ‘Freedom, Freedom ‘Freedom ‘Freedom’) BRS Carmem, Carmem Carmem’ Magna, Magna Magna’ ‘Bordô, Bordô ‘Bordô ‘Bordô’ Isabel Precoce, Precoce Precoce’ Concord 30. 30 . 30’) 9 granting analyzed percentage number area length stems 0 10 2 chamber (POX (SOD H2O2. HO H O (H2O2) JalesBRS Carmem. H2O content conclusion promoted respectively 7 110 ‘Freedom’ 3 30’ (H2O2 11 (H2O

RESUMO ‘BRS Magna’ foi lançada com o objetivo de melhorar a cor, doçura e sabor do suco de uva brasileiro. Portanto, é necessário testar esta cultivar em diferentes porta-enxertos, a fim de identificar as combinações copa/porta-enxerto que melhor contribuam para o objetivo do empreendimento nas condições de cultivo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes porta-enxertos nos componentes de produção e nas características físicas do cacho e da baga da videira ‘BRS Magna’. A pesquisa foi conduzida no vinhedo implantado na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), localizada no município de Pato Branco, Paraná. A ‘BRS Magna’ foi enxertada em 10 porta-enxertos: ‘Kober 5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘420A’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Freedom’, ‘ IAC 313 Tropical’ e ‘101-14 MGT’. Durante três anos agrícolas foram avaliados a produção, a produtividade, vigor vegetativo, o número de cachos, o peso médio do cacho por planta, o comprimento e a largura do cacho e da baga, bem como o peso médio da baga. A análise de variância mostrou interação entre porta-enxertos e anos de produção para todas as variáveis. ‘BRS Magna’ apresentou alternância nos componentes de produção, vigor vegetativo e nas características físicas de cacho e baga entre as culturas avaliadas. Nas condições de cultivo estudadas, o porta-enxerto recomendado para a cultivar ‘BRS Magna’ é o ‘IAC 572 Jales’. Por outro lado, ‘101-14 MGT’ e ‘420 A’ não são recomendados como porta-enxerto para esta cultivar. BRS Magna cor brasileiro Portanto portaenxertos, portaenxertos porta enxertos, enxertos copa/portaenxerto copaportaenxerto copa/porta enxerto copa Assim Magna. . UTFPR, UTFPR , (UTFPR) Branco 1 Kober 5BB, 5BB BB 5BB’ ‘SO4, SO4 SO ‘SO4 ‘SO4’ 76 Campinas, Campinas Campinas’ ‘Harmony, Harmony ‘Harmony ‘Harmony’ Paulsen 1103, 1103 1103’ ‘420A, 420A ‘420A ‘420A’ 57 Jales, Jales Jales’ ‘Freedom, Freedom ‘Freedom ‘Freedom’ 31 Tropical ‘10114 10114 ‘101 14 101 ‘101-1 MGT. MGT produtividade cachos planta variáveis avaliadas estudadas portaenxerto Jales. lado 420 ‘42 copaporta (UTFPR ‘SO 7 110 5 3 ‘1011 1011 ‘10 ‘101- 42 ‘4 11 ‘1 4

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Magna’ was released with the aim of improving the colour, sweetness, and flavour of Brazilian grape juice. Therefore, it is necessary to test this cultivar on different rootstocks in order to identify the canopy/rootstock combinations that best contribute to the purpose of the enterprise under cultivation conditions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the yield components and physical characteristics of the bunch and berry of the ‘BRS Magna’ grapevine. The research was conducted in the vineyard established in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), located in the municipality of Pato Branco, Paraná. The ‘BRS Magna’ was grafted onto 10 rootstocks: ‘Kober 5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘Harmony’, ‘Paulsen 1103’, ‘420A’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Freedom’, ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, and ‘101-14 MGT’. For three agricultural years, production, productivity, vegetative vigor, number of bunches, and average bunch weight per plant, length and width of bunch and berry, as well as average berry weight were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed a interaction between rootstocks and production years for all variables. ‘BRS Magna’ showed alternation in yield components, vegetative vigor and physical characteristics of bunch and berry between the evaluated crops. Under the cultivation conditions studied, the recommended rootstock for the ‘BRS Magna’ cultivar is ‘IAC 572 Jales’. On the other hand, ‘101-14 MGT’ and ‘420 A’ are not recommended as rootstock for this cultivar. BRS Magna colour sweetness juice Therefore canopyrootstock canopy Thus grapevine UTFPR, UTFPR , (UTFPR) Branco 1 Kober 5BB, 5BB BB 5BB’ ‘SO4, SO4 SO ‘SO4 ‘SO4’ IAC 76 Campinas, Campinas Campinas’ ‘Harmony, Harmony ‘Harmony ‘Harmony’ Paulsen 1103, 1103 1103’ ‘420A, 420A A ‘420A ‘420A’ 57 Jales, Jales Jales’ ‘Freedom, Freedom ‘Freedom ‘Freedom’ 31 Tropical, Tropical Tropical’ ‘10114 10114 ‘101 14 101 ‘101-1 MGT. MGT . productivity bunches plant variables crops studied Jales. hand 420 ‘42 (UTFPR ‘SO 7 110 5 3 ‘1011 1011 ‘10 ‘101- 42 ‘4 11 ‘1 4 ‘

Abstract The aims of this work were to characterize the damage caused by Paraulaca dives in feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and develop a diagrammatic scale to evaluate the severity of herbivory. The evaluations were carried out in a feijoa progenies orchard with eight-year-old. The beetles caused damage mainly on leaves, from October to December (spring season). The distribution of beetles in the orchard occurred randomly, not following a defined pattern of incidence. The diagrammatic scale of herbivory severity was represented by seven levels (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 15%, 32%, and 55% of the leaf area consumed). The use of this diagrammatic scale significantly increased the precision and accuracy of severity estimates by inexperienced evaluators. This can help in strategies to control this pest to expand the cultivation of feijoa in Brazil. Acca sellowiana eightyearold. eightyearold eight year old. old eight-year-old leaves spring season. season . season) randomly incidence 1%, 1 (1% 3 3% 5 5% 7 7% 15 15% 32 32% 55 consumed. consumed consumed) evaluators Brazil 1% (1 (

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal da lagarta-da-oliveira (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) em uma nova região com potencial de cultivo de oliveira e avaliar a eficiência de controle desta praga com bioinseticidas. O pomar experimental com as cultivares Koroneiki e Arbequina foi implantado em Pato Branco, região Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. No pomar foram realizadas contagens semanais de lagartas em 25 plantas de cada cultivar, durante 12 meses, para verificar a distribuição espacial e temporal. Além disso, em condições de laboratório, larvas de segundo instar foram submetidas à alimentação com folhas de oliveira tratadas com óleo de neem (Azadirachta indica), Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana, e a efetividade de mortalidade das larvas foi utilizada para comparação entre os quatro bioinseticidas e a testemunha. As lagartas de P. forficifera ocorreram concentradas durante os três meses de verão, tiveram preferência hospedeira pela cultivar Arbequina (68,9% do total de larvas registradas), e ocorreram em padrão de distribuição aleatório ao longo do pomar. A aplicação de óleo de neem (A. indica) ou de B. thuringiensis causaram quase 100% de mortalidade das larvas em condições de laboratório. RESUMO lagartadaoliveira lagarta Palpita Munroe 1959 Branco Paraná Brasil 2 1 disso laboratório Azadirachta indica, indica , bassiana testemunha P verão 68,9% 689 68 9 (68,9 registradas, registradas registradas) A. (A B 100 195 68,9 6 (68, 10 19 68, (68 (6 (

ABSTRACT: We verified the spatial and temporal distribution of the olive leaf moth (Palpita forficifera Munroe, 1959) in a new potential region for olive cultivation and evaluated the bioinsecticides effectiveness to control this pest. The experimental orchard composed by Koroneiki and Arbequina cultivars was planted in Pato Branco, Southwest region of Paraná, Brazil. In the field, larvae counts were performed weekly on 25 plants of each cultivar, for 12 months, to verify the spatial and temporal distribution. Furthermore, in laboratory conditions, second instar larvae of P. forficifera were fed with olive leaves treated with Azadirachta indica oil, Bacillus thuringiensis, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and the effectiveness in the larvae mortality was used to compare four bioinsecticides and control. The P. forficifera larvae occurred mainly during the three summer months, had a host preference for the ‘Arbequina’ (68.9% of total larvae) and occurred at random distribution patterns throughout the orchard. The A. indica oil and B. thuringiensis both caused almost 100% larvae mortality under laboratory conditions. ABSTRACT Palpita Munroe 1959 pest Branco Paraná Brazil field 2 cultivar 1 months Furthermore conditions P bassiana ‘Arbequina 68.9% 689 68 9 (68.9 A B 100 195 68.9 6 (68. 10 19 68. (68 (6 (

RESUMO: Os porta-enxertos são amplamente utilizados na viticultura devido à sua resistência aos estresses biótico e abiótico. Além disso, os porta-enxertos podem afetar o crescimento da videira e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a compatibilidade e o desenvolvimento inicial de videiras ‘BRS Magna’ enxertada em diferentes porta-enxertos. A técnica de enxertia em fenda foi utilizada. A porcentagem de sobrevivência variou de 0% (VR043-43) a 98,33% (101-14 MGT) e os porta-enxertos foram agrupados em três grupos distintos. Os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 313 Tropical’ e ‘SO4’ foram os de maior vigor em relação ao crescimento inicial da parte aérea. Já ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Harmony’, ‘3309 Couderc’ e ‘Gravesac’ tiveram o melhor equilíbrio entre o crescimento inicial da parte aérea e o desenvolvimento das raízes. ‘BRS Magna’ quando enxertada nos porta-enxertos ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘SO4’ e ‘101-14 MGT’ apresentou as maiores taxas de desenvolvimento inicial, enquanto que, quando enxertada em ‘R99’, ‘R110’ e ‘420A’, apresentou os menores valores iniciais de desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and fruit quality. This study evaluated the compatibility and initial developmental of the ‘BRS Magna’ grafted on different rootstocks The wedge graft technique on woody cuttings was utilized. The percentage of survival ranged from 0% (‘VR043-43’) to 98.33% (‘101-14 MGT’), and the rootstock were grouped into three distinct groups. ‘IAC 313 Tropical’ and ‘SO4’ rootstocks were those ones with the highest vigor in relation to initial shoot growth. However, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘Harmony’, ‘3309 Couderc’ and ‘Gravesac’ had the best balance between initial shoot growth and root development. The ‘BRS Magna’ when grafted on rootstocks ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘SO4’ and ‘101-14 MGT’ showed the highest initial development rates, while when grafted on ‘R99’, ‘R110’ and ‘420A’, it showed the lowest initial development.

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de padronizar avaliações da severidade da antracnose em frutos de feijoa elaborou-se e validou-se uma escala diagramática com os seguintes níveis de severidade: 2, 10, 20, 40, 70 e 100% de área superficial do fruto com lesão. A escala considerou os limites de severidade mínima e máxima da doença observados em campo e os níveis intermediários seguiram incrementos logarítmicos, obedecendo-se a “Lei do estímulo de Weber-Fechner”. A severidade foi estimada, por oito avaliadores sem experiência, em 50 frutos sem e com o auxílio da escala proposta. Em conclusão, a escala melhorou a avaliação da antracnose na feijoa. Oito genótipos de diferentes cruzamentos foram tolerantes à antracnose.

ABSTRACT: A diagrammatic scale of anthracnose in feijoa fruit was elaborated and validated in order to standardize disease severity assessments. The proposed scale showed six disease severity levels: 2, 10, 20, 40, 70 and 100% of the injured fruit surface. The scale took into account the minimum and maximum limits of disease severity observed in the field and the intermediate values followed logarithmic increments according to the Weber-Fechner stimulus-response law. Eight inexperienced raters validated the scale by quantifying the disease severity (using/not using the scale) of 50 feijoas with anthracnose symptoms. In conclusion, the scale improved the assessment of anthracnose in feijoa. Eight genotypes from different crosses were tolerant to anthracnose.

ABSTRACT Several grafting methods have been developed, and bench grafting with stratification is the most widely used technique, except in Brazil, which is still in adaptation. The objective of this study was to evaluate for how long plant material can be stored before the grafting and the optimum temperature for stratification. Cultivar 'Paulsen 1103' was used as rootstock and 'Niagara Rosada' as scion cultivar. The storage period treatments were 0, 30, 60 and 90 days at the temperature of 3 ℃ and 95% of relative humidity. After the storage period, the branches were removed from the cold chamber, taken to grafting, and then placed at 19 °C and 24 °C for stratification. After 21 days of stratification, the vine grafts were planted in commercial substrate and left to grow for 160 days. The vine cuttings of cultivars Niagara and Paulsen 1103 can be stored in cold chamber at 3 °C for 90 days and, during this period, bench grafting can be performed at any time. However, the vines from cuttings stored in cold chamber for more than 30 days have better growth. It is recommended to stratify the vine grafts at 19 °C.

Resumo As cultivares de pêssego com maturação precoce apresentam dificuldades no processo de germinação natural das sementes. Para solucionar esse problema, a cultura de embriões in vitro pode ser considerada uma alternativa na qual as sementes encontram condições para completar a germinação e desenvolvimento de maneira satisfatória. Diferentes protocolos e meios de cultura foram testados para atender às necessidades nutricionais do embrião, mas estes ainda apresentam problemas e precisam ser otimizados. O objetivo do trabalho foi testar meios de cultura e concentrações de BAP a fim de aumentar a porcentagem de germinação de embriões e mudas viáveis de pessegueiro ‘BRS Kampai’, evitando possíveis anomalias no processo. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Pato Branco. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, em fatorial 2x5, com quatro repetições, sendo a parcela representada por 15 embriões. Os meios de cultura testados foram MS e WPM com cinco concentrações de BAP (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 mg L-1). No período in vitro, foi avaliada a germinação das sementes, através da atribuição de notas, e desenvolvimento dos embriões, mensurando-se os comprimentos de caulículo e radícula principal. No período de aclimatização, as plântulas foram avaliadas quanto à sobrevivência, comprimento do caule, plântulas viáveis e formação de rosetas. Considerando as condições sob as quais o experimento foi conduzido, concluiu-se que o meio de cultura MS com a adição de 1 mg L-1 de BAP permitiu uma maior porcentagem de germinação e plântulas viáveis para ‘BRS Kampai’.

Abstract Early-ripening peach cultivars present difficulties in the process of natural germination of seeds. In order to solve this problem, the culture of embryos in vitro can be considered an alternative, in which seeds find conditions to complete germination and development in a satisfactory way. Different protocols and culture media have been tested to meet the nutritional needs of the embryo, but they still have problems and need to be optimized. The objective of this work was to test culture media and BAP concentrations in order to increase the germination percentage of embryos and viable ‘BRS Kampai’ peach seedlings, avoiding possible anomalies in the process. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture – “Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná”, Campus of Pato Branco. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in 2x5 factorial, with four replicates, with plot being represented by 15 embryos. The culture media tested were MS and WPM with five BAP concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg L-1). In the in vitro period, seed germination was evaluated through the attribution of scores, and embryo development, measuring the length of stem and main root. During the acclimatization period, seedlings were evaluated for survival, stem length, viable seedlings and rosette formation. Considering the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, it was concluded that MS culture medium with the addition of 1 mg L-1 of BAP allowed higher germination percentage and viable ‘BRS Kampai’ peach seedlings.

RESUMO A área foliar (cm2 por folha) e o conteúdo de pigmentos foliares são importantes características usadas para melhor entender a fisiologia das plantas. Neste estudo, modelos não-destrutivos para área foliar e conteúdo de pigmentos baseados no comprimento (L) e na largura (W) da folha, e na leitura do teor de clorofila, foram desenvolvidos para feijoa (Acca sellowiana). O experimento foi desenvolvido durante o mês de janeiro de 2016 usando 60 genótipos com cinco anos de idade, cultivados no estado do Paraná, Brasil. A proposta de modelo para área foliar (LA) foi L A = 0 , 0022 L 3 + 0 , 1482 W 2 + 0 , 6159 L W + 0 , 1076 (R2 = 0,99). Três modelos encontrados na literatura também foram analisados. Todos esses modelos tiveram menor acurácia que o modelo proposto por este estudo. Os modelos propostos para estimar os pigmentos foliares foram baseados no Falker Chlorophyll Index para clorofila a (A) and b (B), sendo estes C h l a = 2 , 564 A + 13 , 098 B - 42 , 605 (R2 = 0,94), C h l b = 1 , 538 A + 3 , 287 B + 8 , 847 (R2 = 0,86) e C a r o t e n o i d e s = 0 , 947 B + 8 , 943 (R2 = 0,88) expressos como µmol m-2 de lâmina folha. Conclui-se que os modelos propostos neste estudo se mostraram confiáveis métodos não destrutíveis para estimar a área foliar e o conteúdo de pigmento foliares em A. sellowiana.

ABSTRACT Leaf area (cm2 per leaf) and leaf pigment content are important traits that can be used to better understand a plants physiology. In this study, empirical non-destructive models for leaf area and leaf pigment based on the leaf dimensions, length (L) and width (W) in centimeters, and chlorophyll meter readings were developed for feijoa (Acca sellowiana). The experiment was carried out during January 2016 using five-year-old trees of 60 genotypes, grown under field conditions in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The proposed leaf area (LA) model was L A = 0 . 0022 L 3 + 0 . 1482 W 2 + 0 . 6159 L W + 0 . 1076 (R2 = 0.99). Three current leaf area models found in the literature were also assessed. All of the already created models were less accurate than the model proposed in this article. The proposed leaf pigment models were based on the Falker Chlorophyll Index for Chlorophyll a (A) and b (B), these were C h l a = 2 . 564 A + 13 . 098 B - 42 . 605 (R2 = 0.94), C h l b = 1 . 538 A + 3 . 287 B + 8 . 847 (R2 = 0.86) and C a r o t e n o i d s = 0 . 947 B + 8 . 943 (R2 = 0.88) expressed as µmol m-2 of leaf blade. In conclusion, the proposed models in this study were shown to be a reliable non-destructivel way of estimating A. sellowiana leaf area and leaf pigment.

Resumo A Pitangueira é fruteira nativa da família Myrtaceae com ampla adaptação as diferentes condições edafoclimáticas do país, o que a torna muito conhecida. Todavia, ainda existem poucos pomares comerciais com a cultura, o que talvez seja em breve revertido uma vez que estudos vem demonstrando a importância do consumo de seu fruto para saúde humana, bem como, as potencialidades no processamento industrial e assim a pitangueira deixará de ser uma planta de fundo de quintal e passará a ser cultivada em pomares comerciais o que demanda produção de mudas com qualidade e genética. A propagação sexuada com uso de sementes deverá ser substituída pela assexuada através da estaquia, enxertia, alporquia e cultura de tecidos.O método de enxertia em garfagem têm-se mostrado eficiente em mais de 70% dos casos e a estaquia herbácea apresenta enraizamento superior a 77%. Novos estudos, como a micropropagação e melhor controle nos processos de estaquia herbácea, devem estimular e viabilizar economicamente a multiplicação desta frutífera para cultivo comercial, seja para produção de frutos frescos, seja para processamento. Neste artigo de revisão incluímos os resultados de trabalhos, abordando os avanços, limitações e protocolos para propagação da pitangueira.

Abstratct Brazilian Cherry tree is a native fruit tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family, with ample adaptation to the different edaphoclimatic conditions of Brazil, which makes this fruit widely known. However, there are still few commercial orchards, which may soon be reversed, since studies have shown the benefits of the consumption of this fruit for human health, as well as the potentialities for industrial processing. Thus, Brazilian Cherry tree will no longer be a backyard plant and will be grown in commercial orchards, which demands the production of seedlings with genetic quality. Sexual propagation with the use of seeds should be replaced by asexual propagation by means of cutting, grafting, spreading and tissue culture. The grafting method has proven to be efficient in more than 70% of cases and herbaceous cuttings have rooting greater than 77%. New studies on micropropagation and better control of herbaceous cutting processes should stimulate and economically increase the commercial production of this fruit for fresh consumption or processing. This review article included the results of other studies, addressing advances, limitations and protocols for propagation of Brazilian Cherry tree.

Resumo Dentre a família Myrtaceae com representantes espalhados por todo o planeta, a jabuticabeira é uma importante espécie nativa do Brasil e que passou a ser apreciada não só nos limites de quintais e pomares domésticos, mas já pode ser encontrada em pomares comercias, projetos de paisagismo e em vários países com clima tropical e subtropical. A propagação desta espécie de forma sexuada ou via sementes é bastante simples e eficiente, podendo chegar a 100%. Porém, o longo período de juvenilidade e a segregação têm levado à busca por métodos que permitam propagar matrizes selecionadas e garantir, em seus clones, plantas padronizadas e produtivas, a qualidade dos frutos e a precocidade na frutificação. Os protocolos para propagação assexuada ainda são escassos, mas mostram métodos eficientes, viabilizando a exploração comercial e a valorização desta frutífera brasileira. O método de enxertia em garfagem têm-se mostrado eficiente em mais de 70% dos casos. A estaquia herbácea mostra enraizamento em torno de 10%. A alporquia com índices de enraizamento acima de 80%. Outros métodos considerados de uso doméstico têm mostrado resultados satisfatórios na formação de mudas de jabuticabeira através de estacas lenhosas. Novos estudos, como a micropropagação e melhor controle nos processos de estaquia herbácea, devem estimular e viabilizar economicamente a multiplicação desta frutífera para cultivos comerciais, seja para produção de frutos frescos, seja para processamento. A alporquia e a enxertia em garfagem são os métodos mais indicados atualmente para propagação de jabuticabeira. Neste artigo de revisão constam resultados de trabalhos e protocolos para obtenção de mudas de jabuticabeira.

Abstract The Myrtaceae family has representatives spread worldwide, and Jabuticaba tree is an important species native to Brazil, which is grown not only in the backyards and domestic orchards, but also in commercial orchards, landscaping projects and in several tropical and subtropical countries. The propagation of this species in a sexual form or by seeds is simple and efficient, being able to reach 100%. However, long juvenile phase and genetic segregation have led to the search for methods that allow the propagation of selected trees and guarantee through their standardized and productive clones, fruit quality and fruiting precocity. Protocols for asexual propagation are still scarce, but they show efficient methods, making possible the commercial use and valorization of this Brazilian fruit tree. Grafting methods have proven to be efficient in more than 70% of cases. Herbaceous cutting in Jabuticaba trees shows rooting around 10%. Air layering shows rooting rates above 80%. Other methods considered for domestic use have shown satisfactory results in the formation of young saplings through woody cuttings. New studies on micropropagation and better control of herbaceous stem cutting processes could stimulate and economically increase the propagation of this fruit tree for commercial crops to produce fruits for fresh consumption or processing. Air layering and grafting are the most currently indicated methods for propagation of jabuticaba tree. This review paper shows the results of other papers and their protocols for obtaining jabuticaba tree seedlings and clonal plants.

Resumo Há poucos estudos e informações disponíveis no Brasil sobre as preferências do consumidor de pêssegos e nectarinas. Essa falta de informações tem dificultado alguns aspectos da cadeia produtiva, como a escolha e a exploração de cultivares mais apropriadas, períodos de oferta, adoção de estratégias de mercado e marketing, afetando consequentemente a disponibilização e a comercialização de frutos. Esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar a preferência dos consumidores de pêssegos e nectarinas, avaliar quais características foram observadas para a aquisição dos mesmos e onde são preferencialmente adquiridos. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de novembro de 2016 a fevereiro de 2017, utilizando a metodologia de pesquisa descritiva, por método de pesquisa Survey e Web 2.0. Foi utilizado um questionário do tipo estruturado, com perguntas fechadas. O questionário foi elaborado na forma online, utilizando o aplicativo Google docs e distribuído também na forma online, através de redes sociais da Internet. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 610 pessoas, com predominância de consumidores que habitam na região Sul e Sudeste do País, nas faixas etárias de 21 a 30 anos, com predominância de participantes do sexo feminino. O consumo é principalmente na forma in natura e com frequência predominante de algumas vezes ao ano. Os consumidores compram esses frutos principalmente em supermercados/hipermercados. Os consumidores de pêssegos e nectarinas no Brasil têm maior preferência por frutos com polpa amarela e epiderme vermelha, seguidos de frutos com polpa branca e epiderme de coloração vermelha intensa, ambos preferencialmente com caroço solto. Os principais critérios para aquisição de pêssegos e nectarinas no Brasil são aparência de frutos (presença e/ou ausência de defeitos, machucados, etc.), seguido do preço, coloração de epiderme e tamanho de fruto.

Abstract In Brazil, there are few studies and information available on consumer preferences for peaches and nectarines. This lack of information, has hindered some aspects of the production chain, as the choice and exploitation of more appropriate cultivars, offer periods, adoption of marketing and marketing strategies, consequently affecting the availability and commercialization of fruits. This study aimed to analyze the consumer preference of peaches and nectarines, evaluate the traits observed for their acquisition, and the marketplace where they are preferably purchased. The research was carried out from November 2016 to February 2017, using the descriptive research methodology, by Survey method and Web 2.0. A structured questionnaire was applied with closed questions. An online form questionnaire was prepared using the Google docs application and also distributed online, through the internet social Medias. 610 people participated in the survey, with predominance of consumers living in the South and Southeast regions of the country, in the age groups of 21 to 30 years old, with a predominance of female participants. Consumption is mainly in the in natura form, and often predominates certain times a year. Consumers buy these fruits mainly in the supermarkets/hypermarkets. The consumers of peaches and nectarines in Brazil have a higher preference for fruits with yellow flesh and red epidermis, followed by fruits with white flesh and intense red epidermis, both preferably with free stone. The main criteria for the acquisition of peaches and nectarines in Brazil are fruit appearance (presence and/or absence of defects, bruises, etc.); followed by price, color of epidermis and fruit size.