ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: During childhood and adolescence, there are significant increases in bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE: To investigate physical growth parameters associated with BMD and BMC among children and adolescents diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, among 63 children and adolescents (aged 8-15 years) diagnosed with HIV. METHOD: BMD, BMC and fat percentage z score were evaluated using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Age/height z score and body mass index (BMI)/age z score were obtained in accordance with international recommendations, and bone age was obtained through hand-wrist radiography. Sex, family income, information on HIV infection (T CD4+ lymphocyte count, viral load and type of antiretroviral therapy, moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior) were used as adjustment variables in the analyses. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed, with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Subtotal BMD (without the head region) was directly associated with bone age, BMI/age z score and fat percentage z score, even after adjusting for covariates. Subtotal BMC/height was directly associated with bone age, height/age z score, BMI/age z score and fat percentage z score, even after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: Subtotal BMD and subtotal BMC/height were directly associated with physical growth indicators among children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV.

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo identificar e sumarizar evidências referentes à avaliação dos níveis de força muscular (FM) em crianças e adolescentes escolares (≤ 19 anos) no Brasil, com o intuito de atualizar as evidências publicadas anteriormente pelo projeto Report Card Brazil. A busca sistemática das informações foi conduzida em sete bases de dados, restrita aos estudos publicados durante o período de Janeiro de 2018 a Dezembro de 2019. Treze estudos foram incluídos, o que reuniu informações de 10.135 crianças e adolescentes de sete estados brasileiros. Diferentes testes/protocolos para avaliar a FM foram identificados, contudo, a força de preensão manual foi o teste mais empregado pelos estudos (53,8%). A prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam níveis de FM considerados saudáveis foi de 29,8% considerando a totalidade de informações, e 27,6% para os meninos e 31,8% para as meninas. Considerando a totalidade de dados revisados pelo projeto Report Card Brazil (informações analisadas neste estudo em adição aos anteriormente publicados), o corpo de informações referente a avaliação dos níveis de FM em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil foram advindas de pesquisas conduzidas durante o período de 2010 a 2019, o que reuniu amostra de 15.208 crianças e adolescentes (sete a 19 anos). De acordo com estas informações, a prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam níveis de FM considerados saudáveis nesse período foi de 57,8%, sendo que no sexo masculino foi de 61,1% e no sexo feminino de 58,8%.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to identify and summarize evidence regarding muscle strength (MS) levels in school children and adolescents (≤ 19 years) in Brazil in order to update previously published evidence from the Report Card Brazil project. The systematic search for information was conducted in seven databases, restricted to studies published during the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Thirteen studies were included, which gathered information from 10,135 children and adolescents from seven Brazilian states. Different tests/protocols for assessing MS were identified, however, handgrip strength was the test most adopted in studies (53.8%). The prevalence of children and adolescents with MS levels considered healthy was 29.8%, considering the totality of information, and 27.6% for males and 31.8% for females. Considering full data reviewed by the Report Card Brazil project (data analyzed in this study in addition to those previously published), information regarding the assessment of MS levels in children and adolescents in Brazil came from studies conducted during the period from 2010 to 2019, which included a sample of 15,208 children and adolescents (aged 7-19 years). According to this information, the prevalence of children and adolescents with MS levels considered healthy in this period was 57.8%, 61.1% for males and 58.8% for females.

resumo O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma atualização das evidências brasileiras sobre a prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que atenderam aos critérios de saúde para aptidão aeróbia. Essa revisão sistemática integra o Projeto Report Card Brasil e a busca foi restrita aos estudos publicados durante o período de Janeiro de 2018 a Dezembro de 2019 em nove bases de dados eletrônicas. Estudos com diferentes delineamentos, os quais permitiram extrair informações acerca da prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que atenderam aos critérios de saúde para a aptidão aeróbia (idade até 19 anos ou com média de idade até 19 anos) foram incluídos. Estudos publicados a partir de 2020 não foram incluídos por conta do possível efeito da pandemia nesse indicador e por não haver uma certeza de quando finalizará a pandemia. Do total de 694 estudos inicialmente identificados, 13 estudos com informações de 14.673 crianças e adolescentes foram incluídos após a leitura de títulos, resumo, textos completos e referências. A prevalência de crianças e adolescentes que atenderam aos critérios de saúde para aptidão aeróbia foi de 26.9% (29,7% para as meninas; 44,6% para os meninos). Nessa busca, oito pontos de corte distintos para determinar níveis adequados de aptidão aeróbia foram utilizados, bem como cinco testes foram empregados para se determinar a aptidão aeróbia. Analisando-se os dados da presente revisão com a revisão sistemática anterior desse projeto, um terço das crianças e adolescentes do Brasil atendem aos critérios de saúde para aptidão aeróbia.

abstract The aim of the study was to update Brazilian evidence on the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness. This systematic review is part of the Report Card Brazil Project and the search was restricted to studies published during the period from January 2018 to December 2019 in nine electronic databases. Studies with different designs, which allowed extracting information about the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness (age up to 19 years or average age up to 19 years) were included. Studies published from 2020 were not included due to the possible effect of the pandemic on this indicator and because there is no certainty as to when the pandemic will end. Of the 694 studies initially identified, 13 studies with information of 14,673 children and adolescents were included after reading titles, abstracts, full texts and references. The prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness was 26.9% (29.7% for girls; 44.6% for boys). In this search, eight different cutoff points were used to determine adequate aerobic fitness levels and five tests were used to determine aerobic fitness. Analyzing data from the present review with the previous systematic review of this project, one third of children and adolescents in Brazil meet health criteria for aerobic fitness.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the validity of traditional anthropometric equations and to develop predictive equations of total body and trunk fat for children and adolescents living with HIV based on anthropometric measurements. Forty-eight children and adolescents of both sexes (24 boys) aged 7-17 years, living in Santa Catarina, Brazil, participated in the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used as the reference method to evaluate total body and trunk fat. Height, body weight, circumferences and triceps, subscapular, abdominal and calf skinfolds were measured. The traditional equations of Lohman and Slaughter were used to estimate body fat. Multiple regression models were fitted to predict total body fat (Model 1) and trunk fat (Model 2) using a backward selection procedure. Model 1 had an R2 = 0.85 and a standard error of the estimate of 1.43. Model 2 had an R2 = 0.80 and standard error of the estimate = 0.49. The traditional equations of Lohman and Slaughter showed poor performance in estimating body fat in children and adolescents living with HIV. The prediction models using anthropometry provided reliable estimates and can be used by clinicians and healthcare professionals to monitor total body and trunk fat in children and adolescents living with HIV.

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de obesidade abdominal e verificar a associação com fatores sociodemográficos (sexo, turno de estudo, cor da pele, idade, escolaridade materna e nível econômico) e o estilo de vida (consumo de álcool, sono, consumo de refrigerante, nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário) em adolescentes do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo transversal, feito com 930 adolescentes (490 do sexo feminino) de 14-19 anos de São José, SC, Brasil. Usou-se questionário autoadministrado para coletar dados sociodemográficos e do estilo de vida. A obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pelo perímetro da cintura e analisada de acordo com sexo e idade. Empregou-se estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta e relativa, média e desvio padrão) e regressão logística binária, expressa em odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), foi significativo p<0,05 e usou-se o software SPSS 17.0. Resultados: A prevalência de obesidade abdominal foi de 10,6% para mostra total (10,5% masculino; 10,8% feminino). Adolescentes que assistiam à televisão diariamente por duas ou mais horas (OR=2,11; IC95% 1,08-4,13) apresentaram maiores chances de obesidade abdominal e os adolescentes cujas mães tinham escolaridade inferior a oito anos (OR=0,56; IC95% 0,35-0,91) tiveram menor chance de obesidade abdominal. Conclusões: Aproximadamente um a cada 10 adolescentes apresentou obesidade abdominal, os fatores associados foram a escolaridade materna (≥8 anos) e o tempo de tela de televisão (≥2 horas/dia).

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of abdominal obesity and verify the association with sociodemographic factors (gender, school shift, ethnicity, age, maternal education and economic status) and lifestyle (alcohol consumption, sleep, soft drink consumption, level of physical activity and sedentary behavior) in adolescents in Southern Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 930 adolescents (490 girls) aged 14–19 years, living in the city of São José, SC, Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Abdominal obesity was measured through the waist circumference and analyzed according to gender and age. Descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency, mean and standard deviation) and binary logistic regression, expressed as Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were employed, with p<0.05 being considered statistically significant; the SPSS 17.0 software was used for the statistical analyses. Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 10.6% for the total sample (10.5% male, 10.8% female). Adolescents that watched television daily for two or more hours (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.08–4.13) had a higher chance of having abdominal obesity and adolescents whose mothers had fewer than eight years of schooling (OR=0.56; 95%CI from 0.35 to 0.91) had a lower chance of having abdominal obesity. Conclusions: Approximately one in 10 adolescents had abdominal obesity; the associated factors were maternal schooling (≥8 years) and television screen time (≥2h/day).