ABSTRACT Introduction: Anterior shoulder dislocation is an orthopedic injury with high risk of developing anterior glenohumeral instability. Its treatment is surgical and there are several techniques allowing reconstruction. Objective: To display the results of the modified Boytchev technique for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability. Methods: This is a retrospective study, case series type, with patients operated with modified Boytchev's technique. It redirects the conjoined biceps tendon and it is passed behind the subscapularis muscle to improve support on the anterior aspect of the glenohumeral joint. Results: Twenty two patients who had a minimum follow-up of 43 months were operated on. All were able to return to their work and sports activities. None had recurrence, mobility was complete. In one case, the osteosynthesis material loosened, but it was fixed without complications. Conclusions: This is a surgical technique that allows restoring the tension of the anterior soft tissues of the shoulder and satisfactorily correcting its instability; it does not expose the joint capsule or alter the length of the joint tendon, which results in less fibrosis. It is repeatable and safe, with a low rate of complications and allows returning to physical activities without compromising shoulder mobility.

RESUMEN Introducción: La luxación anterior del hombro es una lesión ortopédica con alto riesgo de desarrollar inestabilidad glenohumeral anterior. Su tratamiento es quirúrgico y existen varias técnicas que permiten la reconstrucción. Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados de la técnica modificada de Boytchev para el tratamiento de la inestabilidad anterior de hombro. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, tipo serie de casos, con pacientes operados con técnica modificada de Boytchev. Con ella se redirecciona el tendón conjunto del bíceps y se pasa por detrás del músculo subescapular para mejorar el soporte en la cara anterior de la articulación glenohumeral. Resultados: Se operaron 22 pacientes que tuvieron un seguimiento mínimo de 43 meses. Todos pudieron retornar a sus actividades laborales y deportivas. Ninguno presentó recidiva y la movilidad fue completa. En un caso el material de osteosíntesis se aflojó, pero se solucionó sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: Se trata de una técnica quirúrgica que permite restituir la tensión de los tejidos blandos anteriores del hombro y corregir de forma satisfactoria su inestabilidad; no expone la cápsula articular ni altera la longitud del tendón conjunto, lo que deriva en menor fibrosis. Es reproducible y segura, con baja tasa de complicaciones y permite el retorno a las actividades físicas sin comprometer la movilidad del hombro.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to report the first case of a patient with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni, refractory ascites and portal vein thrombosis treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), at the Instituto de Radiologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. After the procedure, the patient recovered favorably and progressed with portal pressure reduction and no deterioration of the liver function. Endovascular shunt modification is a conservative medical approach that often helps in reducing symptoms significantly, making it a less invasive and a safer alternative to liver transplantation for the treatment of schistosomiasis with portal hypertension.

RESUMO Nós relatamos a ocorrência do lagarto Gymnophthalmus underwoodi no município de Belém, estado do Pará, Brasil. Este é o primeiro registro ao sul do Rio Amazonas, provavelmente como resultado de uma introdução acidental por navios que atracam em Belém, o mesmo caminho sugerido para a introdução de outra espécie exótica de lagarto recentemente encontrada na cidade. Nós também determinamos a identidade de alguns espécimes de Gymnophthalmus dos estados do Amapá e Pará, através de dados morfológicos externos e moleculares, confirmando que, até o momento, G. vanzoi é o único Gymnophthalmus ocorrendo nos enclaves de savana desses estados. Por fim, nós fornecemos um novo mapa de distribuição para as espécies de Gymnophthalmus, incluindo o novo registro de ocorrência de G. underwoodi para o estado do Pará, onde ela pode ser considerada como uma espécie invasiva.

ABSTRACT We report the occurrence of the lizard Gymnophthalmus underwoodi in the municipality of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. This is the first record of that species south of the Amazonas River, probably because of an accidental introduction by ships that dock in Belém, the same pathway suggested for the recent introduction of another species of exotic lizard recently recorded in the city. We also determined the identity of some specimens of Gymnophthalmus from the states of Amapá and Pará through external morphology and molecular data, confirming that, until now, G. vanzoi is the only Gymnophthalmus occurring in the savanna enclaves of those states. Finally, we provide a new distribution map for the species of Gymnophthalmus, including the new occurrence record for G. underwoodi for the state of Pará, where it can be considered as an invasive species.

Resumen Introducción: Los procedimientos en cirugía de mano requieren el uso de torniquete para evitar el sangrado y, generalmente, utilizan sedación por anestesiología para controlar el dolor e incomodidad del torniquete. Hace una década se viene usando en cirugía de mano anestesia local sin torniquete ni sedación, como una opción segura y eficiente para las intervenciones quirúrgicas; esta técnica es conocida como WALANT (en inglés). El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar una serie prospectiva de pacientes intervenidos con técnica de WALANT en cirugía de mano. Métodos: Es una serie de casos que caracteriza el desempeño de una técnica anestésica local para procedimientos en cirugía de mano sin sedación y sin torniquete. Se evaluaron tiempo de cirugía, dolor intra- y posoperatorio y nivel de satisfacción. Este trabajo es aceptado por el comité de ética. Resultados: Se operaron 96 pacientes, 73 fueron cirugías de partes blandas y 23 de partes óseas. 92 pacientes (96 %) refirieron estar satisfechos y sin dolor posoperatorio. En 4 casos fue necesaria sedación intraoperatoria. Ningún paciente requirió torniquete. No fue necesario usar volúmenes mayores a 40 ml, sin embargo, estos varían según el tipo de intervención. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que la técnica funciona muy bien, y es de gran utilidad en cirugías de tendones, donde se requiere que el paciente esté despierto para evaluar el funcionamiento intraoperatorio. Los costos de cirugía son más baratos y es una técnica reproducible, con un desempeño satisfactorio.

Abstract Introduction: Procedures in hand surgery require tourniquet use to control bleeding and generally sedation by anesthesiology to manage the pain and discomfort of the tourniquet. A decade ago, local anesthesia without tourniquet or sedation was used in hand surgery as a safe and efficient option for surgical interventions, known as WALANT (Wide Awake Local Anesthesia with No Tournique) technique. The aim of the study is to evaluate a prospective series of patients who have undergone surgery with the WALANT technique in hand surgery. Methods: Consecutive series of cases that show the performance of a local anesthetic technique for procedures in hand surgery without sedation and without tourniquet. Surgery time, intra and postoperative pain and satisfaction level were evaluated. This study was accepted by the ethics committee. Results: Ninety-six patients underwent surgery, seventy-three were soft tissue surgery and twenty-three bone surgery. Ninety-two patients (96%) reported being satisfied and without postoperative pain. In four cases, intraoperative sedation was necessary. No patient required a tourniquet. It was not necessary to use volumes greater than 40 ml; however, these vary according to the type of intervention. Conclusions: This study shows that the technique works very well and is very useful in tendon surgeries, where the patient is required to be awake to evaluate intraoperative functioning. Surgery costs are cheaper, and it is a reproducible technique with satisfactory performance.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad de De Quervain es frecuente en población laboralmente activa y su diagnóstico puede ser un reto. Las maniobras de Finkelstein y Eichhoff son pruebas semiológicas utilizadas para el diagnóstico de esta patología, cuyo rendimiento diagnóstico real no es claro. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de los signos de Finkelstein y Eichhoff en una población de individuos sanos en edad laboral, buscando determinar el valor real de un hallazgo positivo. Materiales y métodos: Es un estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo. La muestra está conformada por individuos sanos entre 18 y 45 años, de sexo masculino y femenino, que participan de forma voluntaria. A todos los participantes se les realizaron ambas maniobras; se llevó registro de las pruebas que resultaron positivas y de los pacientes que refirieron dolor o incomodidad. Resultados: Participaron 65 pacientes y se registraron datos de 129 extremidades. La edad promedio fue 26 años; el número promedio de horas laborales diarias fue 9,3. El signo de Finkelstein tuvo una prevalencia de 33,3 %; el signo de Eichhoff de 75,2 %. La única variable que aumenta el riesgo de presentar una prueba positiva (Eichhoff) de forma estadísticamente significativa es el sexo masculino (OR 2,4, IC 95 % 1,05-5,73). Conclusiones: El signo de Finkelstein es más específico que el de Eichhoff, sin embargo, no es patognomónico de tenosinovitis de De Quervain. La maniobra de Eichhoff no es recomendable para la exploración física de los pacientes, puede ser incómoda y generar confusión.

ABSTRACT Introduction: DeQuervain's disease is common in the working population and its diagnosis may be a challenge. Finkelstein's and Eichhoff's tests are semiological tests used for the diagnosis of this pathology, and their diagnostic performance is not clear. The objective of this work is to determine the prevalence of the tests in a healthy, working-age population, seeking to quantify the real value of a positive finding. Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The sample is made up of healthy individuals, between 18 and 45 years of age, male and female, who participate voluntarily. All participants underwent both tests, and a record of the tests that were positive was taken. Also, a register of the patients who reported pain or discomfort was kept. Results: 65 patients participated and data from 129 limbs were recorded. The average age was 26 years. The average number of daily work hours was 9.3. Finkelstein's test had a prevalence of 33.3%; Eichhoff's test of 75.2%. The only variable that was statistically significant for an increase in the risk of presenting a positive test (Eichhoff) was male sex (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.05-5.73). Conclusions: Finkelstein's test is more specific than Eichhoff's, however, it is not pathognomonic for DeQuervain tenosynovitis. Eichhoff's test is not recommended for the physical examination of patients, it can be uncomfortable and cause confusion

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Origanum vulgare through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP essays. Material and Methods: The sample collected from Origanum vulgare was dried, reduced in size and placed to macerate 500 grams of dry sample in 1000 mL of 97% ethanol for one week. After time, the macerate was processed through a filter and concentrated in an oven. The formulations were carried out and the dilutions were analyzed with the antioxidant essays. Results : DPPH Method, the 25% gel showed an IC50 of 98.485 mg / mL equivalent to the dilution of 78.789% and for the Trolox® standard, it presented IC50 of 2.48 µg / mL. ABTS Method, the 25% gel formulation presented IC50 of 3.687 mg / mL equivalent to a dilution of 77.75% and for the Trolox® standard it presented IC50 of 2.99 µg / mL, a difference from the other formulations. The results evidenced a relation between the percentage of inhibition and concentration of the samples with an accepted correlation (R2) for the gels at 25%, 50%, 75% of extract of Origanum vulgare and Trolox® of 0.9972; 0.9987 and 0.9986 respectively. FRAP Method, with fast action during the 4 minutes, being 125 mg of extract contained in the gel 25% equivalent to 4mg of Trolox®. Conclusions: It was determined that the antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox®, with antioxidant assays, with the best average free radical uptake power (Trolox / mg) of extract was present in the gel of Extract of Origanum vulgare 25%.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la actividad antioxidante del extracto hidroalcohólico de Origanum vulgare a través de 03 métodos de ensayo DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. Material y métodos: La muestra recolectada de Origanum vulgare se secó, redujo el tamaño y se colocó a macerar 500 gramos de muestra seca en 1000 mL de etanol 97% durante una semana. Pasado el tiempo se procedió a filtrar el macerado y se concentró en estufa. Se procedió a realizar las formulaciones. Estas diluciones, se sometieron a los análisis antioxidantes. Resultados: Método DPPH, el gel al 25% mostró un IC50 de 98,485 mg/mL equivalente a la dilución del 78,789% y para el caso del estándar Trolox® presentó un IC50 de 2,48 µg/mL. Método ABTS, la formulación de gel al 25% presentó un IC50 de 3,687 mg/mL equivalente a una dilución de 77,75% y para el estándar Trolox® presentó un IC50 de 2,99 µg/mL, a diferencia de las otras formulaciones. Se evidenció relación entre el porcentaje de inhibición y concentración de las muestras con una correlación aceptada (R2) para geles al 25%, 50%, 75% de extracto de Origanum vulgare y Trolox® de 0,9972; 0,9987 y 0,9986 respectivamente. Método FRAP, observó acción rápida durante los 4 minutos, siendo 125 mg de extracto contenido en el gel de 25% equivalente a 4mg de Trolox®. Conclusiones: Se determinó la actividad antioxidante equivalente al Trolox®, mediante análisis antioxidante, con mejor poder de captación de radical libre promedio (Trolox/mg) de extracto y estuvo presente en el gel a base de Extracto de Origanum vulgare al 25%.

Abstract This study aims at showing and discussing the perceptions of basic education teachers, especially in the area of Physical Education; and students (youths and teenagers), involved in a Project that thematized gender and sexuality at school. This is an initial research and, therefore, exploratory. Non structural observations were made during the school’s Project interventions, in which teachers and students’ opinions, placements and experiences about gender and sexuality were recorded and analyzed. The Project interventions took place in two moments: first, in an expository way, followed by a round table conversation, space reserved for dialogues and discussions. Overall, we realized that teachers had barely tackled these themes in class. Some teachers signal works when the topic comes up or in interdisciplinary Projects. Some students reported diverse conflicts on a daily basis at school, and overall, they expressed favorable opinions about diversities. We considered at the end of the research that the topics of gender and sexuality remain poorly explored both inside the school and throughout thePhysical Education teaching training course.

Resumo Esse estudo objetivou apresentar e discutir as percepções de professores(as) da educação básica, especialmente da área da Educação Física; e alunos(as) (jovens e adolescentes) envolvidos em um projeto que tematizou gênero e sexualidade na escola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa inicial e, portanto, exploratória. Realizamos observações não estruturadas durante as intervenções do projeto nas escolas, pelas quais registramos e analisamos as opiniões, posicionamentos, sentimentos e vivências de professores(as) e alunos(as) sobre os temas gênero e sexualidade. As intervenções do projeto aconteceram em dois momentos: inicialmente de maneira expositiva e, na sequência, por meio de uma roda de conversa, espaço reservado para o diálogo e as discussões. De modo geral, percebemos que os professores pouco haviam abordado as temáticas em sala de aula. Alguns docentes sinalizaram trabalhos quando o tema vem à tona ou em projetos interdisciplinares. Os alunos relataram diversas situações conflitantes no cotidiano da escola e, no geral, emitiram opiniões favoráveis em respeito as diversidades. Consideramos, ao final da investigação, que os temas gênero e sexualidade continuam sendo pouco explorados tanto dentro da escola como nos cursos de formação inicial e continuada de professores de Educação Física, fator que evidencia a necessidade de projetos e iniciativas que levem até a escola essa discussão.

ABSTRACT Introduction: When occlusal vertical dimension becomes altered, as is sometimes the case, use should be made of subjective and objective methods, including those based on an anthropometric approach. Objective: Evaluate the correlation between linear ear length and vertical dimension in dentate young subjects. Methods: A total 47 students were evaluated for linear vertical ear length (from the highest to the lowest end of the earlobe), and measurements were taken from the outer edge of the ocular hole to the tragus and the vertical occlusal dimension (located at the subnasal point and the most prominent edge of the chin). All measurements were taken with a digital caliper. Results: Average vertical occlusal dimension was 65.68 ± 4.14 mm. Average distance from the outer edge of the eye to the right tragus was 67 ± 3.52 mm (r correlation = 0.776; p < 0.01), whereas on the left side it was 66.95 ± 3.98 mm (r correlation = 0.733; p < 0.01). Ear length distance was 64.74 ± 4.47 mm on the right side (r correlation = 0.643; p < 0.01) and 64.84 ± 4.46 mm on the left side (r correlation = 0.657; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Right and left linear ear length anthropometric measurements correlated with vertical occlusal dimension. The distance from the outer edge of the eye to the tragus also correlated with the vertical occlusal dimension.

Resumen Introducción: La dimensión vertical oclusal en algunos casos se altera y para predecirla se suelen utilizar métodos, tanto subjetivos como objetivos y entre los que se encuentran los antropométricos. Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre la longitud lineal del pabellón auricular y la dimensión vertical en jóvenes dentados. Métodos: Se evaluaron 47 estudiantes a nivel de la longitud vertical del pabellón auricular (punto más superior al punto más inferior del lóbulo de la oreja), medición del canto exterior del agujero ocular al tragus y la dimensión vertical oclusal (situados en el punto subnasal y en el borde más prominente del mentón). Todas las mediciones se hicieron con un calibrador digital. Resultados: La dimensión vertical oclusal promedio fue de 65,68 ± 4,14 mm. La distancia promedio entre el canto externo del ojo al tragus derecho fue de 67 ± 3,52mm (correlación de r = 0,776; p < 0,01) mientras que en el lado izquierdo fue de 66,95 ± 3,98 mm (correlación de r = 0,733; p < 0,01). La distancia de la longitud del pabellón auricular en el lado derecho fue de 64,74 ± 4,47mm (correlación de r = 0,643; p < 0,01) mientras que en el lado izquierdo fue de 64,84 ± 4,46 mm (correlación de r = 0,657; p < 0,01). Conclusiones: Las medidas antropométricas de la longitud lineal del pabellón auricular derecho e izquierdo se correlacionó con la dimensión vertical oclusal así como la medición entre el canto externo del ojo al tragus también se correlación con la dimensión vertical oclusal.

Resumo A partir do resgate dos diálogos imaginados por Burawoy entre os marxismos e Bourdieu, sobretudo o capítulo dedicado a própria obra marxiana, o objetivo do presente trabalho é sugerir uma conversação adicional entre o sociólogo francês e o jurista soviético Pachukanis, demonstrando como muitas das intuições apresentadas em A força do direito foram antecipadas pelo autor de A teoria geral do Direito e marxismo. Conclui-se pela complementariedade dos marcos teóricos como possibilidade de investigação empírica no campo jurídico.

Abstract Following the model developed by Michael Burawoy in Bourdieu meets Marxism, the purpose of this paper is to suggest an additional dialogue between the French sociologist and the Soviet jurist Pachukanis. Our intention is to demonstrate that many of the intuitions presented in The Force of Law were actually anticipated by the author of General Theory of Law and Marxism. We argue that these theoretical frameworks are not only complementarity bur also offers fruitful possibilities for empirical investigation in the legal field.

Summary The training of healthcare professionals obeys to specific learning objectives that must result in observable and assessable learning achievements, and in mastered knowledge acquisition. In order to improve the learning process of clinical skills, several methods have been developed with the aim of assessing self-regulated learning. Self-regulated learning is an active process where individuals select the academic goals they wish to achieve and, for that purpose, they regulate a set of factors that influence their learning. Self-Regulated Learning Microanalytic Assessment and Training may be taken as an example. This method consists of a structured interview that tries to capture the thoughts, feelings and actions devoted to the execution of specific tasks. Current investigations in this field have shown that high-achievers tend to think more strategically and regulate themselves better when performing activities or tasks. Finally, the microanalysis may be implemented as the strategy used to identify how students learn, and to generalize in healthcare education.

Resumen La formación de profesionales sanitarios conlleva unos objetivos de aprendizaje concretos que deben traducirse en unos resultados de aprendizaje observables y evaluables y, por lo tanto, que el conocimiento se alcance con un alto grado de pericia. Con el fin de mejorar el aprendizaje de habilidades clínicas se han desarrollado instrumentos para evaluar el aprendizaje autorregulado, un proceso activo en el que la persona selecciona las metas académicas que desea alcanzar y regula una serie de variables que intervienen en el aprendizaje con el objetivo de alcanzarlas. Un ejemplo de ello es la evaluación microanalítica del aprendizaje autorregulado, una entrevista estructurada que intenta captar los pensamientos, sentimientos y acciones dedicados a la ejecución de tareas específicas. La investigación actual en este campo ha demostrado que los estudiantes de alto rendimiento tienden en general a mostrar un pensamiento más estratégico y una mejor regulación al realizar las actividades o tareas. Se pretende establecer el microanálisis como estrategia para identificar el aprendizaje de los alumnos y como meta para poder generalizarse en la educación en ciencias de la salud.

ABSTRACT This study analysed the effect of length of residence and place of origin on the social inclusion of immigrants. Social support, resilience, sense of community, and satisfaction with life were used as indicators of social inclusion. Previous studies on social inclusion of immigrants were predominantly of static nature. A synthetic cohort design that examines temporal effects in distinct cohorts was used to analyse the effect of time on levels of social inclusion. It was hypothesised that place of origin would moderate the positive effect of length of residence. The study was conducted in Málaga (Spain). The participants consisted of 2,374 immigrants from Africa (597), East Europe (565), Latin America (652), and Asia (560). The results suggest that length of residence has a positive effect on social inclusion and that shorter cultural distance facilitates the process of social inclusion, especially among Latin American immigrants. However, the moderating effects of place of origin only reached statistical significance for satisfaction with life. A multidimensional and dynamic approach is needed to fully understand the process involved in the social inclusion of immigrants. This is based on the assumption that the positive effect of length of residence is not linear in the short term but manifests over the long term.

RESUMEN Se analizan los efectos del tiempo de residencia y la procedencia en la inclusión social de los inmigrantes. El apoyo social, la resiliencia, el sentido de comunidad y la satisfacción vital se utilizan como indicadores de inclusión social. Estudios previos sobre la inclusión social de los inmigrantes se caracterizan por su naturaleza estática. A través de un diseño de cohorte sintético se comprueba si el tiempo favorece la inclusión social. Se propone que la procedencia modera la influencia positiva del tiempo de residencia. El estudio se realiza en Málaga y participan 2,374 inmigrantes procedentes de África (597), Europa del Este (565), Latinoamérica (652) y Asia (560). Los resultados muestran que el tiempo de residencia influye de forma positiva incrementando las dimensiones de inclusión social y la cercanía cultural favorece el proceso de inclusión social, especialmente en los inmigrantes latinos, aunque los efectos moderadores de la procedencia han sido solo significativos para la satisfacción vital. Los hallazgos sugieren adoptar un enfoque multidimensional y dinámico para comprender el proceso de inclusión social de los inmigrantes, asumiendo que el efecto positivo del tiempo de residencia no es lineal a corto plazo, sino que se manifiesta a largo plazo.

Resumo Este estudo visou avaliar os impactos do fator motivacional nos resultados obtidos ao final da implementação de um sistema de manufatura enxuta, em uma empresa multinacional fabricante de bens de consumo. Foram coletados dados dos principais indicadores de desempenho de três linhas de produção, em períodos antes e após a implementação da manufatura enxuta. Foram realizadas entrevistas não estruturadas e aplicado o instrumento “Inventário da Motivação e Significado do Trabalho” (IMST). Posteriormente foram correlacionados os fatores motivacionais com os indicadores de desempenho. Os resultados fornecem indícios que apoiam a hipótese, baseada na literatura, de que o papel do fator motivacional nos times de trabalho em um processo de implementação lean teria impacto no grau de sucesso do processo. Também foi confirmado que após a implementação do programa, houve uma melhoria significante no desempenho operacional das linhas.

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the motivational factor on the results obtained after implementing a lean manufacturing system in a multinational consumer goods manufacturing company. Key performance indicator data were collected from three production lines during periods before and after lean manufacturing implementation. Unstructured interviews were conducted, and the Motivation and Work Meaning Inventory (MWMI) instrument was applied. The motivational factors were then correlated with the performance indicators. The results provide evidence to support the hypothesis, based on the literature, that the motivational factor in work teams in a lean implementation process will affect the degree of success of the process. It was also confirmed that after implementation of the program, there was a significant improvement in the lines’ operational performance.

En la presente investigación se evaluó la interacción simple y combinada de bacterias endófitas, para desarrollar nuevas formulaciones de bioinoculantes y así generar alternativas viables para los productores andinos sobre las variables agronómicas del cultivo de quinua. Se formularon bioinoculantes con tres cepas, solas y combinadas de Bacillus sp., junto con un sustrato inerte para obtener un producto en polvo, así posteriormente compararlo con el producto comercial (TRICOBAL), como testigo positivo, más el testigo negativo (suelo sin inoculante), bajo condiciones in vitro e invernadero. Se identificaron como sobresalientes a los siguientes tratamientos, en cuanto a la altura de planta (104.14 cm), altura de panoja (34.32 cm), peso de raíces (5 g) y rendimiento en grano: Bacillus pumilus (Bp), la interacción B. pumilus y P. polymyxa (Bp + Bv54) y la combinación de B. pumilus, B. suhtilis y P. polymyxa (Bp + Bs + Bv54), señalando que éstas cepas nativas promueven el crecimiento de las plantas de quinua significativamente superior al producto comercial TRICOBAL. Complementariamente, en condiciones in vitro se determinó que las tres cepas de Bacillus utilizadas en el estudio pueden coexistir.

The present research aims to evalúate the interaction of simple and combined endophytic bacteria, to develop new bioinoculants formulations, over the agronomic variables of the quinoa cultivation, to genérate viable alternatives for the Andean farmers. A powder product was obtained by mixing a bioinoculants formulation developed with three single and combined strains of Bacillus sp. and an inert substrate, to be compared in a greenhouse/in vitro environment with a commercial product (TRICOBAL) as a positive control group and normal soil (without inoculants) as a negative control group. The following treatments were identified: Bacillus pumilus (Bp), interaction between Bacillus pumilus and Paenihacillus polymyxa (Bp + Bv54) and the combination of Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus suhtilis and Paenihacillus polymyxa (Bp + Bs + Bv54) with prominent results on: plant height (104.14 cm), panicle height (34.32 cm), roots weight (5 grs.) and grain performance; demonstrating that these native strains significantly promote the growth of quinoa plants in relation to the commercial product (TRICOBAL). In addition, it was determined that in an in vitro environment the three used strains of Bacillus can coexist.