In this work, a miniaturized version of the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was optimized, validated, and applied for extracting eight pesticide residues in anuran liver tissue samples. The extracts were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and the detected residues in liver tissue samples were identified by tandem mass spectrometry-liquid chromatography. The optimized extraction method entailed the scale reduction of the QuEChERS method twenty times using 500 mg of liver tissue sample, 200 mg Mg2SO4, 50 mg NaCl, 1.5 mL of acetonitrile, and a mixture of 25 mg C18 + 25 mg PSA (primary-secondary amine) as dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent. The method was validated using liver tissue samples spiked at two levels of pesticide concentrations according to the SANTE/11312/2021 document. Recoveries ranged from 91-110% with a relative standard deviation < 20%. The method robustness assessed by the Steiner and Youden test resulted in recovery rate variations of less than 2% for all pesticides after deliberated changes in seven variables. The validated method was applied to 72 liver tissue samples from two anuran species, registering residues of some pesticides in 31 samples. The proposed method proved to be efficient, precise, and robust for determining pesticide residues in anuran liver tissues. work quick, quick (quick easy cheap effective rugged safe highperformance high performance detection spectrometryliquid spectrometry sample 20 Mg2SO4 MgSO Mg SO 5 NaCl 15 1 1. acetonitrile 2 C C1 primarysecondary primary secondary amine solidphase solid phase sorbent SANTE113122021 SANTE 11312 2021 SANTE/11312/202 document 91110% 91110 91 110% 110 91-110 20% variables 7 species 3 efficient precise tissues Mg2SO SANTE11312202 1131 202 SANTE/11312/20 9111 9 11 91-11 SANTE1131220 113 SANTE/11312/2 911 91-1 SANTE113122 SANTE/11312/ 91- SANTE11312 SANTE/11312 SANTE1131 SANTE/1131 SANTE113 SANTE/113 SANTE11 SANTE/11 SANTE1 SANTE/1 SANTE/

A paleogeografia do clado de terópodes Compsognathidae é aqui reavaliada a fim de testar a hipótese de este táxon ser exclusivamente adaptado a ambientes semiáridos. Os dados sobre as localidades onde esses fósseis foram coletados e seu paleoambiente foram levantados a partir da literatura. Compsognatídeos parecem ser encontrados especialmente em depósitos sedimentares conhecidos como Fossil Lagerstätten, os quais se formaram sob um conjunto de condições que possibilitaram a preservação dos frágeis elementos ósseos desses animais. Esse tendenciamento impede qualquer análise acurada da paleobiogeografia histórica ou ecológica deste táxon. Na realidade, é possível que compsognatídeos tenham tido uma distribuição por quase todo o planeta durante a Era Mesozoica. Sua ocorrência nas rochas do Cretáceo Inferior na China sugere que também ocupavam ambientes com condições húmidas em vez de estarem restritos a ambientes semiáridos e áridos.

The paleobiogeography of the theropod clade Compsognathidae is here reaccessed in order to test the hypothesis of this taxon being adapted specifically to inhabit semi-arid environments. Data about localities where these fossils were collected and their paleoenvironments were gathered from the literature. Compsognathids seem to be found especially in sedimentary deposits known as Fossil Lagerstätten, which were formed under a set of specific conditions that allowed the preservation of the fragile bone remains of these animals. This bias limits an accurate analysis of the historical and/or ecological paleobiogeography of this taxon. Actually, it is possible that compsognathids had an almost worldwide distribution during the Mesozoic Era. Their occurrence in Lower Cretaceous rocks of China suggests that they also inhabited environments with moist conditions instead of being restricted to semi-arid to arid environments.