Abstract Human consumption of vegetable soybeans is increasing, and consequently, breeding programs need to be encouraged and optimized. Therefore, there is a need to understand the relationship between the traits evaluated in the R6 (full seed) and R8 (full maturity) stages and estimate genetic divergence. At two sites and two crop seasons, we evaluated 42 progenies (F6 generation) from crosses between vegetable soybean genotypes and three commercial cultivars. In general, we found significant coincident correlations between environments. Positive and significant correlations between pod width (PWR6) and hundred-seed weight (HSW) and between PWR6 and hundred-pod weight (HPW) suggest the possibility of replacing the labor-intensive process of obtaining HSW and HPW by estimating PWR6, which is faster and easier to apply. The unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average analysis allocated soybean genotypes into six major clusters. Furthermore, information from the present work may guide practical actions in breeding programs.

Diversos problemas fitosanitarios afectan el cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), siendo el pasador del fruto uno de los más importantes, causando pérdidas de hasta el 70% en zonas del departamento del Valle del Cauca (Colombia). Para encontrar mecanismos de resistencia a esta plaga, se sembraron plantas de tres introducciones silvestres de Solanum (PI134417, PI134418, LA1264) y un cultivar comercial Unapal-Maravilla en una casa de malla circular, utilizando un diseño completamente al azar con ocho repeticiones. Se realizaron cinco liberaciones de N. elegantalis y la respuesta se evaluó mediante la prueba de antixenosis o de no preferencia. Adicionalmente, cinco racimos de cada introducción fueron suspendidos de la parte superior de una jaula (1,8 x 1,5 x 1,5 m) para evaluar su respuesta a seis liberaciones de la plaga. Ambos ensayos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y análisis de medias. Unapal- Maravilla presentó un promedio de ovoposición por planta significativamente mayor que las introducciones silvestres, y LA1264 presentó un número promedio de huevos por fruto significativamente menor. Los insectos depositaron más huevos en la superficie del fruto (>70%). Los tricomas glandulares tipos I, IV y VI presentes en introducciones silvestres y sus sustancias químicas asociadas ejercieron un efecto antixenótico y antibiótico en N. elegantalis

Several phytosanitary problems affect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops, one of the most important being the tomato fruit borer, which has caused losses of up to 70% in areas of the Valle del Cauca department (Colombia). To find resistance mechanisms to this pest, plants of three wild introductions of Solanum (PI134417, PI134418, LA1264) and the commercial cultivar Unapal-Maravilla were planted in a screenhouse. A completely randomized design was used with eight replicates. Five releases of N. elegantalis were carried out and the response was evaluated by the antixenosis or no preference test. Five racemes of each introduction were also suspended from the top of a field cage (1.8 x 1.5 x 1.5 m) to evaluate their response to six releases of the pest. For the two experiments, both an analysis of variance and analysis of means were performed. The average oviposition per plant was significantly higher in Unapal-Maravilla as compared with the wild introductions, and the average number of eggs per fruit was significantly lower in LA1264. The insects laid more eggs on the fruit surface (>70%). Glandular trichomes types I, IV and VI found in the wild introductions and their associated chemicals had an antibiotic and antixenotic effect on N. elegantalis

En un diseño de bloques completos al azar se confinaron en jaulas (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m) dos plantas de tomate (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla), podadas a dos tallos, con hembras de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (una, dos, cuatro y seis adultos, y el testigo). Los tratamientos se repitieron cuatro veces. Se evaluaron por planta las variables frutos afectados por pasador (%) y número promedio de orificios de entrada del pasador por fruto. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos solo para la variable frutos afectados por pasador (%). Con la introducción de una hembra en el interior de la jaula se incrementaron en 5.29% los frutos afectados. Para obtener pérdida de frutos similar a la que se presenta en lotes comerciales muy susceptibles (50-60%) se requirió la introducción de seis hembras en la jaula.

Two tomato plants (S. lycopersicum cv. Maravilla) pruned to two stems with females of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (one, two, four, six adults, and the control) were enclosed in cages (1.5 x 1.5 x 1.8 m) under the randomized complete block design. The treatments were replicated four times. The variables fruit by fruit borer (%) and mean number of entrance holes of fruit borer per fruit were evaluated per plant. Only the variable affected fruit by fruit borer (%) presented significant differences between treatments. The affected fruits were increased in 5.29% by every female introduced into the cage. If it is needed to get fruits losses similar to those seen in very susceptible commercial plots (50-60%) six female must be introduced into the cage.