RESUMO Objetivos: descrever evidências científicas sobre o envolvimento dos acompanhantes na segurança do paciente, na perspectiva desses e dos profissionais de saúde em unidades neonatais e pediátricas. Métodos: revisão de escopo realizada segundo recomendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute, em oito bases de dados, seguindo o checklist Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, entre 2011 e 2021. Resultados: os 13 estudos incluídos evidenciaram a importância do envolvimento do acompanhante na segurança do paciente e na prevenção de eventos adversos. Entretanto, apontaram falhas na comunicação e fragilidade na formação dos profissionais, sendo esses dificultadores para o envolvimento. O fortalecimento da educação em saúde, rounds multidisciplinares e tecnologias educativas foram destacadas como estratégias para ampliar o envolvimento dos acompanhantes. Considerações Finais: esse estudo direciona elementos para que profissionais de saúde e gestores repensem a atuação do acompanhante na segurança do paciente e desenvolvam estratégias coletivas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe scientific evidence on the involvement of companions in patient safety, from their own perspective and health professionals’ perspective in neonatal and pediatric units. Methods: scoping review carried out according to The Joanna Briggs Institute’s recommendations, in eight databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist, between 2011 and 2021. Results: the 13 studies included highlighted the importance of companions’ involvement in patient safety and the prevention of adverse events. However, they pointed out failures in communication and weakness in the training of professionals, which were obstacles to their involvement. The strengthening of health education, multidisciplinary rounds and educational technologies were highlighted as strategies to expand the involvement of companions. Final Considerations: this study directs elements for health professionals and managers to rethink the companions’ role in patient safety and development of collective strategies.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir la evidencia científica sobre la implicación de los acompañantes en la seguridad del paciente, desde la perspectiva del susodicho y de los profesionales sanitarios de las unidades neonatales y pediátricas. Métodos: es una revisión de alcance realizada entre 2011 y 2021 en ocho bases de datos, según las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs y siguiendo la lista de verificación Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Resultados: se incluyeron 13 estudios que demuestran la importancia de la implicación en la seguridad del paciente y en la prevención de eventos adversos. Sin embargo, se han detectado grietas en la comunicación y fragilidad en la formación de los profesionales, lo que dificulta dicha implicación. El fortalecimiento de la educación en salud, las rondas multidisciplinares y las tecnologías educativas se destacaron como estrategias para ampliar el envolvimiento de los acompañantes. Consideraciones Finales: Este estudio dirige elementos para que profesionales de la salud y gerentes reconsideren el papel de los acompañantes en la seguridad del paciente y desarrollo de estrategias colectivas.

Resumo: A pecuária de corte no Brasil tem se tornado cada vez mais competitiva, levando o país a ser o segundo maior produtor e o maior exportador mundial de carne bovina. Dessa forma, é relevante analisar o comportamento do preço da arroba do boi gordo, assim como dos fatores que o influenciam, pois tal compreensão auxilia no planejamento estratégico e nas tomadas de decisões dos stakeholders desse setor. O presente estudo aborda o comportamento do preço da arroba do boi gordo no estado de São Paulo no período de janeiro de 2005 a janeiro de 2020, com o objetivo de estimar a projeção da tendência desse preço por meio dos modelos lineares dinâmicos (MLD). Além disso, selecionaram-se previamente, com base na literatura existente, variáveis de mercado para a análise da correlação delas com o valor da arroba do boi gordo. Verificou-se uma forte correlação positiva com o preço do bezerro, a relação de troca boi gordo/boi magro, o abate de bovinos e a importação de carne brasileira pela China. Houve também uma correlação positiva moderada quanto ao volume de exportação de carne bovina pelos Estados Unidos e uma correlação negativa moderada do preço da arroba em reais com a taxa de câmbio do dólar americano.

Abstract: Beef cattle in Brazil has become increasingly competitive, as the country is the second-largest producer and the largest exporter of beef in the world. It is relevant to analyze the behavior of the price of the cattle arroba in this sector, as well as the factors that influence it, considering that such knowledge helps in the strategic planning and decision-making of the parties involved. This study addresses the verification of the behavior of arroba prices in the state of São Paulo from January 2005 to January 2020 to estimate the projection of the trend of this indicator inquiring the use of the Dynamic Linear Models (DLM). In addition, market variables were previously selected based on the existing literature for the analysis of their correlation with the value of the arroba. There was a strong positive correlation with the price of the calf, the exchange ratio of fat cattle/lean cattle, the slaughter of cattle, and the importation of Brazilian meat by China. There was also a moderate positive correlation regarding the volume of beef exports by the United States and a moderate negative correlation between the arroba price in Brazilian reais and the US dollar exchange rate.

Abstract Studies conducted in the last decades have demonstrated the probiotic effects of several yeast species. Among the probiotic yeast evaluated, Saccharomyces boulardii is the most common and widely studied species with significant probiotic properties, such as survival capacity in the acidic environment of the gastrointestinal tract and improvements in the intestinal microbiota. In recent years, new evidence indicated that the incorporation of probiotic yeasts is also a promising approach in food development, thus leading to new perspectives for a more integrated strategy for a potential application of S. boulardii in the development of innovative functional food products. In this review, an overview of recent published data on the application of probiotic yeast in foods is presented, especially on the use of S. boulardii as a trend to develop several functional foods, such as non-alcoholic, fermented alcoholic, vegetable, and bakery products.

Resumo A criação pornô-erótica do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX é o tema deste estudo, especificamente, o aparecimento da “cortesã-cronista” na Sans Dessous e da “prostituta-educadora” no Rio Nu — periódicos pornô-eróticos repletos de marcadores de gênero masculinos. Indaga-se sobre as continuidades e transformações instauradas por essas “potências pornô-eróticas” e os significados da autoria feminina sobre leitoras e leitores, numa ordem discursiva masculina. Tais acontecimentos potencializaram deslocamentos e continuidades nas performances de gênero, tendo impacto no social-histórico aqui destacado. Buscamos acompanhar a criação de uma “sensibilidade erótica moderna” e verificar sua presença e efeitos na constituição da modernidade carioca.

Abstract The porn-erotic creation of Rio de Janeiro in the early twentieth century is the subject of this study, specifically, the emergence of the courtesan-chronicler in the Sans Dessous and the prostitute-educator in the Rio Nu porn-erotic journals filled with male gender markers. It inquires about the continuities and transformations brought about by these porn-erotic powers and the meanings of female authorship about readers in a male discursive order. Such events have potentiated displacements and continuities in gender performances, impacting the social-historical highlighted here. We seek to accompany the creation of a modern erotic sensibility and to verify its presence and effects in the constitution of carioca modernity.

Resumen La creación erótica porno de Río de Janeiro a principios del siglo XX es el tema de este estudio, específicamente, la aparición de la cortesana-cronista en Sans Dessous y la prostituta-educadora en Rio Nu — revistas porno eróticas llenas de marcadores de género masculino. Se indaga sobre las continuidades y transformaciones introducidas por estos poderes porno-eróticos y los significados de la autoría femenina sobre lectores masculinos y femeninos, en un orden discursivo masculino. Tales eventos potenciaron cambios y continuidades en las actuaciones de género, teniendo un impacto en la historia social histórica resaltada aquí. Buscamos acompañar la creación de una sensibilidad erótica moderna y verificar su presencia y sus efectos en la constitución de la modernidad en Río.

ABSTRACT Objective to discuss experiences and contradictions in the control of the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of epidemiology and Brazilian public policies. Content the discussion presented is divided into two sections: the first one present epidemiological parameters on the epidemic curve of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the international experiences for the control of this phenomenon. The second, anchored in the Brazilian public policies, presents a comparative analysis of national and international experiences, discussing the potential impacts on the pandemic, considering some specific social issues. Conclusion in the face of impossibility of reducing susceptible people through vaccination strategies, the reduction of the speed of the epidemic curve needs to occur through actions of social distance. In addition, the construction of public policies aimed at protecting workers and expanding investment in the health sector are urgent measures.

RESUMEN Objetivo discutir las experiencias y contradicciones en el control de la pandemia Covid-19 desde la perspectiva de la epidemiología brasileña y las políticas públicas. Contenido el debate presentado se divide en dos secciones. El primero traza la reflexión de los parámetros epidemiológicos en la curva epidémica del SARS-CoV-2, así como las experiencias internacionales para el control de este fenómeno. El segunda seccione, anclada en las políticas públicas brasileñas, presenta un análisis comparativo de las experiencias nacionales e internacionales, discutiendo los posibles impactos en la pandemia, considerando algunas especificidades sociales brasileñas. Conclusión dada la imposibilidad de reducir a las personas susceptibles a través de estrategias de vacunación, la reducción de la velocidad de la curva epidémica debe ocurrir a través de acciones de aislamiento social y físico. Además, la construcción de políticas públicas destinadas a proteger a los trabajadores y ampliar la inversión en el sector de la salud son medidas urgentes.

RESUMO Objetivo discutir as experiências e contradições no controle da pandemia de Covid-19 sob a perspectiva da epidemiologia e das políticas públicas brasileiras. Conteúdo o debate apresentado divide-se em duas seções: a primeira traça a reflexão dos parâmetros epidemiológicos sobre a curva epidêmica do SARS-CoV-2, bem como as experiências internacionais para o controle deste fenômeno. A segunda, ancorada nas políticas públicas brasileiras, apresenta uma análise comparada das experiências nacionais e internacionais, discutindo os potenciais reflexos sobre a pandemia, considerando algumas especificidades sociais. Conclusão frente à impossibilidade de redução de pessoas susceptíveis por meio de estratégias vacinais, a redução da velocidade da curva epidêmica precisa ocorrer por meio de ações de isolamento físico social. Ademais, a construção de políticas públicas que visem a proteção ao trabalhador e a ampliação do investimento no setor saúde são medidas urgentes.

Abstract Euterpe edulis is an endemic species of the Atlantic Forest that is threatened by the unsustainable exploitation of palm heart. Fruit management is an alternative to overcome this problem, promoting income generation, preserving the trees in forest remnants and motivating the implementation of farms for commercial production. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of four natural populations of E. edulis were evaluated using microsatellite markers and six morphological fruit traits, analyzed with and without the REML/BLUP method. The longitudinal diameter had the strongest influence on the differentiation of genotypes. The genetic differentiation among populations was low and inbreeding was detected within populations among sites. Molecular and morphological data indicated high genetic diversity in the E. edulis populations. The REML/BLUP analysis increased the accuracy of morphology-based estimates of genetic diversity, thus contributing to improve breeding strategies for fruit quality and genetic conservation by use in E. edulis.

RESUMO: Durante a gestação ocorrem modificações metabólicas nas ovelhas que podem predispor a ocorrência de transtornos metabólicos, dos quais se destaca a toxemia da prenhez (TP). A hemogasometria é um exame que detecta alterações nos equilíbrios ácido-básico e eletrolítico de forma eficaz. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estudar os equilíbrios ácido-básico e eletrolítico de ovelhas durante a gestação e no periparto imediato (até 48 horas pós-parto), comparando-se gestação única com gemelar. Foram utilizadas 60 ovelhas criadas em manejo semi-intensivo, hígidas, da raça Dorper, com dois a cinco anos de idade. Foram constituídos dois grupos experimentais: Grupo 1: 30 ovelhas, com diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de gestação de feto único; Grupo 2: 30 ovelhas, com diagnóstico ultrassonográfico de gestação gemelar. Os momentos experimentais foram definidos como: MI - imediatamente após a inseminação artificial (controle); MG30 - 30 dias de gestação; MG90 - 90 dias de gestação; MG120 - 120 dias de gestação; MG130 - 130 dias de gestação; MG140 - 140 dias de gestação; MP - dia do parto; MPP1 - 24h pós-parto; MPP2 - 48h pós-parto. Em todos os momentos foi colhido 1mL de sangue por punção da veia jugular para avaliação hemogasométrica em aparelho portátil (I-Stat®). Foram analisados os parâmetros: pH, pressão de dióxido de carbono (PCO2), bicarbonato (HCO3-), excesso de bases (EB), sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), cloreto (Cl-), cálcio ionizado (iCa+2), lactato, ânion gap (AG) e diferença de íons fortes (SID). Este trabalho mostrou que houve mudanças nos equilíbrios ácido-básico e eletrolítico nas ovelhas prenhes, pela diminuição do EB, HCO3- e aumento do lactato e AG no decorrer da gestação, porém o pH se manteve dentro da normalidade e não apresentou diferença ao longo dos momentos em ambos os grupos. Comparando os grupos, as ovelhas de gestação única apresentaram maior consumo da reserva alcalina no momento do parto do que as de gestação gemelar, evidenciado menores níveis de EB e HCO3-. Foram observados níveis mais baixos de Na+ no pré-parto; queda dos valores de K+ com o avanço da gestação; hipercloremia e hipocalcemia durante a gestação segundo os padrões de referência para espécie e diminuição dos níveis de iCa+2 no terço final da gestação nas ovelhas de ambos os grupos. Concluiu-se que as ovelhas deste estudo apresentaram-se saudáveis até o último momento analisado (48h pós-parto), embora tenham mostrado maior consumo da reserva alcalina no periparto, sendo mais evidente nos animais de gestação única. Apesar disso, essa ocorrência pode ser considerada fisiológica e consequência do aumento da demanda energética durante a gestação, mais exacerbada no periparto.

ABSTRACT: During pregnancy there are modifications in the metabolic profile of sheep that may predispose to the occurrence of metabolic disorders, of which pregnancy toxaemia (PT) is highlighted. Blood gas analysis is detects changes in acid-base and electrolyte balance effectively. The objectives of this study were to study the acid-base and electrolyte balance of sheep during gestation and in the immediate peripartum (up to 48 hours postpartum), comparing single gestation with twins. Sixty healthy sheep of Dorper breed, two to five years old were raised in a semi-intensive system and were divided in two experimental groups: Group 1: 30 ewes, with ultrasonographic diagnosis of single fetus gestation; Group 2: 30 ewes, with ultrasonographic diagnosis of twin pregnancy. The experimental moments were defined as: MI-immediately after artificial insemination (control); MG30 - 30 days of gestation; MG90 - 90 days of gestation; MG120 - 120 days of gestation; MG130 - 130 days of gestation; MG140 - 140 days of gestation; MP - lambing; MPP1 - 24h postpartum; MPP2 - 48h postpartum. At all times 1mL of blood was collected per jugular vein puncture for blood gas evaluation in a portable equipament (I-Stat®). The pH, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), ionized calcium (Ca+2), lactate, anion gap (AG) were mensured and strong ion difference (SID) were calculed. This work showed that there were changes in acid-base and electrolyte balance in pregnant ewes, due to the decrease in BE, HCO3-, TCO2 and increase of lactate and AG during gestation, but the pH remained normal and did not present any difference among moments in both groups. Comparing the groups, single-gestation ewes presented higher alkaline expenditure at delivery than twin-gestation, evidenced by lower levels of BE and HCO3-. Lower Na+ levels were observed in prepartum; drop in K+ values with advancing gestation; hyperchloremia and hypocalcemia during gestation according to the reference standards for species; decreased iCa+2 levels in the final third of gestation in both groups. It was concluded that the ewes of this study were healthy until the last moment analyzed (48h postpartum), although have shown greater consumption of the alkaline reserve in the peripartum, being more explicit in the single gestation animals. In addition, this situation can be physiological and result in increased energy demand during gestation, more exacerbated by peripartum.

Resumo Euterpe edulis (palmiteiro-juçara) é uma arbórea de porte alto que ocorre naturalmente em florestas da Mata Atlântica e Cerrado. Por estas características é difícil coletar folhas jovens, sadias e frescas para obtenção de DNA genômico de boa qualidade para a espécie, necessárias para estudos de biologia molecular. Visando facilitar coletas a campo de material biológico, neste estudo foi proposto o isolamento de DNA a partir de tecidos vegetais do córtex. Foi comparado o DNA genômico obtido a partir de dois tipos de tecido vegetal, sendo estes, folhas jovens oriundas de mudas e do córtex de plantas adultas. A integridade do DNA obtido foi confirmada por eletroforese, revelando DNA genômico com pouca degradação e a qualidade da purificação foi verificada pelos critérios de razões de absorbâncias de 260/280 nm e 260/230 nm, apresentando padrão similar nos dois tipos de tecidos avaliados. As concentrações de DNA em folha variaram de 81,9 a 310,1 ng/μL, e no córtex, de 105,2 a 404,8 ng/μL. A confirmação da qualidade do DNA obtido foi determinada por amplificação de microssatélites nos quais os produtos apresentaram bandas definidas para os dois materiais vegetais. Assim, o DNA genômico isolado a partir do córtex de Euterpe edulis constitui um tecido vegetal adicional para obtenção de DNA genômico de igual qualidade, quantidade e integridade que o obtido de folhas, com a vantagem da coleta ser facilitada a campo.

Abstract Euterpe edulis is an arboreal species of high size that occurs naturally in the Atlantic Forest and in ‘Cerrado’ forests. For these characteristics, it is difficult to collect young, healthy and fresh leaves to obtain the genomic DNA of sufficient quality for the species, required for molecular biology studies. To facilitate the collection of biological material field, this study proposed the isolation from plant tissue in the cortex. Isolation and analyzes were carried out compared with the DNA obtained from young leaves coming from plants and tissue of the cortex of adult plants. The integrity of the DNA obtained was confirmed by electrophoresis, revealing the genomic DNA degradation and the low quality of the purification was checked by absorbance ratios criteria 260/280 nm and 260/230 nm, with a similar pattern in both types of tissues evaluated. DNA concentrations ranged from 81.9 to 310.1 ng/µl and cortex, from 105.2 to 404.8 ng/µl. The confirmation of the quality of the DNA obtained was determined by microsatellite amplification, where the products showed bands defined for both plant materials. Thus, the genomic DNA isolated from the cortex of Euterpe edulis, constitutes an additional plant tissue to obtain a genomic DNA of equal quality, quantity and integrity of the obtained sheets with the advantage of the collecting being facilitated in the field.

ABSTRACT. The density and distribution of soybean plants can interfere in the plant growth stage and yield, as well as phytosanitary management of this crop. Thus, innovations in production systems must be followed by improvements in pesticide application technology. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of soybean sowing arrangements on fungicide application technology, with or without air assistance in the spray boom, using qualitative and quantitative assessments of the spray deposits. In the experiments, a randomized block design with split plots was used. Four soybean sowing arrangements: Conventional (CO), Double row (DR), Narrow row (NR), and Crossed rows (CR) composed the main plots, and fungicide application technologies with air assistance (AA) and without air assistance (WA) in the spray boom composed the subplots, with four replications. For the assessment of spray deposits, Brilliant Blue tracer dye was used in the spray solution, and the spray coverage was evaluated using water-sensitive papers. The effects of different soybean sowing arrangements on deposits and spray coverage were limited. However, an increase in spray deposits on the lower part of the soybean plants was observed with air assistance in the spray boom.

ABSTRACT. Natural biological control is an important alternative for the control of insect pests using natural enemies that occur naturally in agroecosystems. The potential of these insects can increase when they are adequately managed. Thus, the objective of this study was to quantify the populations of natural enemies in soybean cultivars with different growth habits planted in different arrangements. The experiment consisted of eight treatments: four planting arrangements and two soybean cultivars, with four replicates. The populations of natural enemies were evaluated from the vegetative stage V3 to crop harvest using a shaking-cloth. A population survey of the beneficial arthropods present on the soil surface was performed in the reproductive stages R2 and R3 with the installation of modified pitfall traps. The main natural enemies that occurred in the culture were Class Arachnida, Order Heteroptera, Order Hymenoptera, Order Coleoptera and Order Dermaptera. The populations of the natural enemies assessed using the shaking-cloth did not show significant differences. However, in the evaluations with the modified pitfall traps in the reproductive stage R3 in the crossed arrangement, the populations of the Coleoptera and Dermaptera orders were higher in the determinate cultivar than in the indeterminate cultivar.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a proporção de traumatologistas que investigam a osteoporose nos pacientes idosos com fraturas e recomendam a prevenção secundária das fraturas osteoporóticas. Métodos: Distribuímos questionários para 244 médicos participantes do Congresso Brasileiro de Traumatología Ortopédica em 2015. Determinamos o perfil dos mesmos e avaliamos como os entrevistados investigam e tratam a osteoporose nos pacientes idosos com fraturas. Resultados: Entre os entrevistados, 32% relataram que seu nível de conhecimento sobre osteoporose seria algo entre 0 e 5 (de 0 a 10). No total, 42% dos participantes relataram que frequentemente solicitam DXA para pacientes idosos com fraturas, mas menos de 30% relataram prescrever suplementação com cálcio e/ou vitamina D. Consideramos como prescritores do tratamento completo para o paciente aqueles médicos que, além de solicitar DXA, prescrevem suplementação de cálcio, vitamina D e medicamentos específicos para seus pacientes idosos, além de recomendar medidas não farmacológicas. Apenas 0,8% dos participantes preencheram todos esses critérios. Além disso, 47% dos traumatologistas relataram que não tratam a osteoporose, mas encaminham seus pacientes com osteoporose para um médico que o faz. Conclusão: Menos de 50% dos traumatologistas pesquisados investigam e realizam prevenção secundária contra fraturas osteoporóticas após tratamento de paciente idoso com fratura. Nível de evidência III, Análises econômicas e de decisão - Desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the proportion of traumatologists who investigate osteoporosis in elderly patients with fractures and recommend secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Methods: We distributed questionnaires to 244 physicians attending the 2015 Brazilian Congress of Orthopedic Trauma. We determined the respondents’ profiles and assessed how they investigated and treated osteoporosis in elderly patients with fractures. Results: Overall, 32% of the respondents reported that their knowledge level regarding osteoporosis ranged from 0-5 (out of 0-10). In total, 42% of the participants reported that they usually requested DXA for elderly patients with fractures and less than 30% reported prescribing supplemental calcium and/or vitamin D. We considered physicians conducting a complete treatment for the patient as those who in addition to requesting DXA prescribed supplemental calcium, vitamin D, and specific medications for their elderly patients, and recommended non-pharmacological measures. Only 0.8% of the participants fulfilled all these criteria. In addition, 47% of the traumatologists reported that they did not treat osteoporosis directly but instead, referred osteoporotic patients to a qualified physician. Conclusion: Less than 50% of the surveyed traumatologists investigated and performed secondary prevention against osteoporotic fractures after treating an elderly patient with a fracture. Level of evidence III, Economic and Decision Analyses - Developing an Economic or Decisions Model.

ABSTRACT DNA fingerprinting based on SSR amplification profiles was applied to native species of Piper from the Atlantic Forest to compare the utility of this type of molecular marker with the morphological characters traditionally applied in Piper taxonomy and identification. Fifty-one SSR markers developed for four species of Piper native to Asia and Mesoamerica were applied to 16 species, together with 63 morphological characters, for species characterization. Molecular and morphological data were analysed by cluster analysis, followed by a cluster sharpness test and the construction of a heat map to visualize the association of characters with species groups. A multivariate regression tree determined the number of loci needed for species identification. Forty-five primers were transferable to at least four species. Molecular data were more efficient in detecting sharp groups than morphological data. Species groups delimited by a set of shared morphological characters were differentiated based on molecular data. The sixteen studied species could be separated by nine primers, demonstrating the cross-species transferability of SSR markers and the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting for both the delimitation and the identification of species of Piper.

Enhancers of new and positive opportunities and learning, new technologies are also promoters of risks to the health and well-being of young people. Cyberbullying is one of those risks. The aim of this study was to analyse the differences between cyberbullies, cybervictims and cyberbully-victims for individual, relational and contextual factors. This is a Cross-sectional study. Results showed that cyberbully-victims reported higher alcohol consumption, as opposed to the increased drug use revealed by cyberbullies. Cybervictims reported more emotional symptoms, such as fear and sadness, and less night outs. Cyberbullies were more often involved in fights, and had an easier access to a larger amount of money and were more easy making friends, when compared to cybervictims. Based on the results, it is crucial to develop a greater awareness and education of parents and youth about the dangers of cyberbullying, together with the monitoring of technological development. A strong argument is also made related to the need of the inclusion of youth participation in the definition of public policies to prevent cyberbullying, as well as the need to focus not only in the prevention of cyber-peer related violence, but also to focus on violence-free, positive peer relationships, both virtual and in presence.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high or low energy intake on carcass composition and expression of hypothalamic genes related to the onset of puberty. Twenty-four prepubertal Nellore heifers, 18-20- months-old, with 275.3±18.0 kg body weight (BW), and 4.9±0.2 (1-9 scale) body condition score (BCS) were randomly assigned to two treatments: high-energy diet (HE) and low-energy diet (LE). Heifers were housed in two collective pens and fed diets formulated to promote average daily gain of 0.4 (LE) or 1.2 kg (HE) BW/day. Eight heifers from each treatment were slaughtered after the first corpus luteum detection - considered as age of puberty. The 9-10-11th rib section was taken and prepared for carcass composition analyses. Samples from hypothalamus were collected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C. Specific primers for targets (NPY, NPY1R, NPY4R, SOCS3, OXT, ARRB1, and IGFPB2) and control (RPL19 and RN18S1) genes were designed for real-time PCR and then the relative quantification of target gene expression was performed. High-energy diets increased body condition score, cold carcass weight, and Longissimus lumborum muscle area and decreased age at slaughter. High-energy diets decreased the expression of NPY1R and ARRB1 at 4.4-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. In conclusion, the hastening of puberty with high energy intake is related with greater body fatness and lesser hypothalamic expression of NPY1 receptor and of β-arrestin1, suggesting a less sensitive hypothalamus to the negative effects of NPY signaling.

ABSTRACT: Improved spray deposition can be attained by electrostatically charging spray droplets, which increases the attraction of droplets to plants and decreases operator exposure to pesticide and losses to the environment. However, this technique alone is not sufficient to achieve desirable penetration of the spray solution into the crop canopy; thus, air assistance can be added to the electrostatic spraying to further improve spray deposition. This study was conducted to compare different spraying technologies on spray deposition and two-spotted spider mite control in cut chrysanthemum. Treatments included in the study were: conventional TJ 8003 double flat fan nozzles, conventional TXVK-3 hollow cone nozzles, semi-stationary motorized jet launched spray with electrostatic spray system (ESS) and air assistance (AA), and semi-stationary motorized jet launched spray with AA only (no ESS). To evaluate the effect of these spraying technologies on the control of two-spotted spider mite, a control treatment was included that did not receive an acaricide application. The AA spraying technology, with or without ESS, optimized spray deposition and provided satisfactory two-spotted spider mite control up to 4 days after application.