ABSTRACT The proper nitrogen management is required to achieve high irrigated rice yield. This study aimed to determine the rice response to nitrogen topdressing doses and calibrate the chlorophyll meter reading. Three experiments were conducted in a randomized block design. In the first experiment, five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) were evaluated as the first, and 30 kg ha-1 N as the second topdressing, which were combined with the application of 30 kg ha-1 N as the first and five N rates, as the second topdressing. The other experiments assessed the application of 30 kg ha-1 of N, as the first, and four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1), as the second topdressing. There was a response to N application, with maximum technical efficiency reaching 33 kg ha-1 in the first and between 40 and 50 kg ha-1 in the second topdressing. The chlorophyll meter was sensitive to estimate the amount of N to be applied in topdressing, using the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI). To each percent unit of NSI below 95%, one should apply 10 kg ha-1 of N as the first and 2-3 kg ha-1 of N as the second topdressing.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica dos fluxos de óxido nitroso (N2O) em solo sob pastagem, em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária, e sob cerrado nativo usado como referência, bem como identificar os atributos físicos e químicos do solo que influenciam esses fluxos. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Capivara, da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, de 5 de fevereiro a 30 de setembro de 2013. As amostragens de gás foram realizadas com uso de câmaras estáticas manuais. O solo sob pastagem apresentou os maiores fluxos de N2O, com média de 14,12 ng m-2 s-1. Essa área também apresentou maior espaço poroso preenchido por água (EPPA), que, associado à temperatura e ao teor de nitrato no solo, influenciou a produção de N2O. Na época chuvosa, os fluxos apresentaram correlação positiva com o EPPA do solo e, na época seca, com seu teor de amônio e nitrato. A emissão total de N2O na área da pastagem foi de 1.644,19 gha1. No cerrado nativo, não houve emissão de N2O do solo para a atmosfera.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in a soil under pasture, in an integrated crop-livestock system, and in native cerrado as a reference, besides identifying the physical and chemical soil properties that affect the fluxes. The study was conducted at Fazenda Capivara of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, in the state of Goiás, Brazil, between February 5 and September 30, 2013. Gas sampling was performed using manual static chambers. The soil under pasture showed the highest N2O fluxes with average of 14.12 ng m-2 s-1. This area also showed greater water-filled pore space (WFPS), which, associated with soil temperature and nitrate content in the soil affected the production of N2O. In the rainy season, fluxes showed positive correlation with soil WFPS, and, in the dry season, they were correlated with soil contents of ammonium and nitrate. The total N2O emission in the pasture area was 1,644.19 g ha-1. In native cerrado, there was no soil-N2O emission to the atmosphere.

A baixa sobrevivência de mudas de araticum e a escassez de informações na literatura científica sobre substratos adequados à produção de mudas de araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) são os fatores motivadores da pesquisa em pauta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes ambientes e substratos na formação de mudas provenientes de sementes de araticum. As sementes foram tratadas com ácido giberélico (GA3) [250 mgL-1], sendo colocada uma semente por tubete de polipropileno de 280 cm³ a uma profundidade de 2 cm. Os substratos utilizados foram: areia de textura média (S1), substrato comercial composto de cascas processadas e enriquecidas, vermiculita expandida e turfa processada e enriquecida (Plantmax HA) (S2), substrato comercial de fibra de coco granulada (Golden mix) (S3), areia de textura média + substrato comercial Plantmax HA(1:1; v/v) (S4) e areia de textura média + substrato comercial Golden mix (1:1; v/v) (S5). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos e seis repetições. Os experimentos foram montados em dois ambientes: estufa e a pleno sol. A coleta de dados ocorreu durante 215 dias após a semeadura. A taxa de mortalidade foi estatisticamente significativa, sendo que em S1 essa taxa foi, em média, 18% menor em relação aos demais substratos. Porém, a área foliar estimada foi, em média, 0,78 cm².planta, menor. Na estufa, a emergência em S1 não difere dos demais tratamentos, contudo a altura de planta foi, em média, 0,84 cm menor em relação aos demais tratamentos. No quesito sobrevivência, S1 foi o melhor tratamento.

Low survival rate of araticum seedlings and scarcity of information in scientific literature on proper substrata to araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) seedlings production have all been motivating factors to this study. The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of different environments and substrata in the formation of seedlings germinated from araticum seeds. The seeds were treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (250mg.L -1), being one seed per polypropylene tube measuring 280cm³ at 2 cm deep. Substrata used were medium texture sand (S1), commercial substrate composed by processed and enriched skins, expanded vermiculite, and processed and enriched turf (Plantmax HA) (S2), commercial substrate from granulated coconut fiber (Golden Mix) (S3), medium texture sand + commercial substrate Plantmax HA (1:1; v/v) (S4) and medium texture sand + commercial substrate Golden Mix (1:1; v/v) (S5).The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, with 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The experiments were installed in two environments: in the greenhouse and in full sunlight. Data was collected throughout 215 days following sowing. The mortality rate was statistically significant; in S1 the average rate was 18% lower compared to the other substrata. However, the estimated foliar area was smaller on average 0.78cm². In the greenhouse, emergency in S1 did not differ from the other treatments; notwithstanding, the plant height was on average 0.84 cm shorter when compared to other treatments. Regarding the survival rate, S1 was shown as the best treatment.