ABSTRACT The study explored an intrinsic case of interpretive and contextualized curriculum reflection in a Chilean school. The case stands out in a national context of high curricular standardization, with a high-consequence accountability regime that limits situated curricular reflection. With a qualitative approach, a content analysis of a group interview with teachers was carried out, after reviewing documents that explicit the school’s vision. The findings show a critical orientation opposed to the standardization policy based on a proposal called Curricular Nuclearization. Consistency is revealed between the meanings and practices regarding relevant learning, with meaning and favorable to teachers’ professional development. school highconsequence consequence approach schools s vision Nuclearization learning development

RESUMEN El estudio exploró un caso intrínseco de reflexión curricular interpretativa y contextualizada en una escuela chilena. El caso destaca en un contexto nacional de alta estandarización curricular, con un régimen de rendición de cuentas de altas consecuencias que limita la reflexión curricular situada. Con un enfoque cualitativo, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de una entrevista grupal con docentes, previa revisión de documentos que explicitan la visión de la escuela. Los hallazgos muestran una orientación crítica y opuesta a la política de estandarización a partir de una propuesta denominada Nuclearización Curricular. Se revela una consistencia entre los significados y las prácticas respecto de un aprendizaje pertinente, con sentido y favorable al desarrollo profesional docente. chilena situada cualitativo docentes Curricular pertinente docente

RESUMO O estudo explorou um caso intrínseco de reflexão curricular interpretativa e contextualizada numa escola chilena. O caso destaca-se num contexto nacional de elevada estandardização curricular, com um regime de responsabilização de elevada consequência que limita a reflexão curricular situada. Utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa, foi efetuada uma análise de conteúdo de uma entrevista de grupo com professores, após a revisão de documentos que explicam a visão da escola. Os resultados revelam uma orientação crítica e de oposição à política de uniformização assente numa proposta designada por Nuclearização Curricular. Revela-se coerência entre os significados e as práticas no que respeita a aprendizagens relevantes, significativas e favoráveis ao desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. chilena destacase destaca se situada qualitativa professores Curricular Revelase Revela relevantes

ABSTRACT Objective To transculturally adapt the Spanish version of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) analyzing its psychometric properties. Methods The PPAQ was transculturally adapted into Spanish. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample of 109 pregnant women. The validity was evaluated in a sample of 208 pregnant women who answered the questionnaire and wore the multi-sensor monitor for 7 valid days. The reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), concordance (concordance correlation coefficient), correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient), agreement (Bland-Altman plots) and relative activity levels (Jonckheere-Terpstra test) between both administrations and methods were examined. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients between both administrations were good for all categories except transportation. A low but significant correlation was found for total activity (light and above) whereas no correlation was found for other intensities between both methods. Relative activity levels analysis showed a significant linear trend for increased total activity between both methods. Conclusions Spanish version of PPAQ is a brief and easily interpretable questionnaire with good reliability and ability to rank individuals, and poor validity compared with multi-sensor monitor. The use of PPAQ provides information of pregnancy-specific activities in order to establish physical activity levels of pregnant women and adapt health promotion interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo Adaptar transculturalmente la versión española del Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo) analizando sus propiedades psicométricas. Método El cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo fue transculturalmente adaptado al español. La fiabilidad test-retest se evaluó en una submuestra de 109 embarazadas. La validez se evaluó en una muestra de 208 embarazadas que respondieron el cuestionario y llevaron colocado el monitor multisensor durante 7 días válidos. Se valoraron la fiabilidad (coeficiente de correlación intraclase), la concordancia (coeficiente de correlación de concordancia), la correlación (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson), el grado de acuerdo (gráfico Bland-Altman) y los niveles de actividad relativos (test Jonckheere-Terpstra) entre las dos administraciones y los dos métodos. Resultados Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase entre las dos administraciones fueron buenos para todas las categorías, excepto el transporte. Una correlación baja, pero significativa, se encontró para la actividad total (suave y superior), mientras que no se encontró correlación para otras intensidades entre los dos métodos. El análisis de los niveles de actividad relativos mostró una tendencia lineal significativa para el incremento de actividad total entre ambos métodos. Conclusiones La versión española del cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo es un breve y fácilmente interpretable cuestionario, con buena fiabilidad y habilidad para ordenar personas, y baja validez en comparación con el monitor multisensor. El uso del cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo aporta información sobre actividades específicas del embarazo con el objetivo de establecer los niveles de actividad física de las mujeres embarazadas y adaptar intervenciones para la mejora de la salud.

ABSTRACT Objective To transculturally adapt the Spanish version of Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) analyzing its psychometric properties. Methods The PPAQ was transculturally adapted into Spanish. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a subsample of 109 pregnant women. The validity was evaluated in a sample of 208 pregnant women who answered the questionnaire and wore the multi-sensor monitor for 7 valid days. The reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), concordance (concordance correlation coefficient), correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient), agreement (Bland-Altman plots) and relative activity levels (Jonckheere-Terpstra test) between both administrations and methods were examined. Results Intraclass correlation coefficients between both administrations were good for all categories except transportation. A low but significant correlation was found for total activity (light and above) whereas no correlation was found for other intensities between both methods. Relative activity levels analysis showed a significant linear trend for increased total activity between both methods. Conclusions Spanish version of PPAQ is a brief and easily interpretable questionnaire with good reliability and ability to rank individuals, and poor validity compared with multi-sensor monitor. The use of PPAQ provides information of pregnancy-specific activities in order to establish physical activity levels of pregnant women and adapt health promotion interventions.

RESUMEN Objetivo Adaptar transculturalmente la versión española del Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo) analizando sus propiedades psicométricas. Método El cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo fue transculturalmente adaptado al español. La fiabilidad test-retest se evaluó en una submuestra de 109 embarazadas. La validez se evaluó en una muestra de 208 embarazadas que respondieron el cuestionario y llevaron colocado el monitor multisensor durante 7 días válidos. Se valoraron la fiabilidad (coeficiente de correlación intraclase), la concordancia (coeficiente de correlación de concordancia), la correlación (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson), el grado de acuerdo (gráfico Bland-Altman) y los niveles de actividad relativos (test Jonckheere-Terpstra) entre las dos administraciones y los dos métodos. Resultados Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase entre las dos administraciones fueron buenos para todas las categorías, excepto el transporte. Una correlación baja, pero significativa, se encontró para la actividad total (suave y superior), mientras que no se encontró correlación para otras intensidades entre los dos métodos. El análisis de los niveles de actividad relativos mostró una tendencia lineal significativa para el incremento de actividad total entre ambos métodos. Conclusiones La versión española del cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo es un breve y fácilmente interpretable cuestionario, con buena fiabilidad y habilidad para ordenar personas, y baja validez en comparación con el monitor multisensor. El uso del cuestionario de actividad física en el embarazo aporta información sobre actividades específicas del embarazo con el objetivo de establecer los niveles de actividad física de las mujeres embarazadas y adaptar intervenciones para la mejora de la salud.

Abstract Introduction: There is limited information referred to the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (AMD) and sports practice. Objective: To determinate the association of cycling practice and cycling training volume with the AMD and the influence of the participation in a high-demand cyclist event on the AMD. Material and methods: A first evaluation of AMD in 785 (84 women) amateur cyclists (volume: ≥ 7 hours/week), 514 (224 women) indoor cycling practitioners (volume: 2-6 hours/week) and 718 (411 women) inactive adults was conducted in May coinciding with the participation of cyclists in a cycling event. A subsample of 359 cyclists and 148 inactive subjects agreed to be retested in November, far from the cycling event date. The MEDAS-14 questionnaire was used to assess the AMD and a self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the volume of training. Results: 40% of subjects showed high AMD. In both sexes, athletes showed higher AMD than inactive subjects, with the highest indexes for groups of cyclists (p < 0.001). The relationship between AMD and training volume was weak (men: r = 0.137, women: r = 0.173; p < 0.001). The AMD of cyclists decreased from May to November (p < 0.001) with no significant changes in inactive subjects (p = 0.535). Conclusions: Cycling is associated to higher values of AMD with a limited influence of training volume and transient positive effects of participation in a cycling endurance event.

Resumen Introducción: existe información limitada sobre la relación entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (ADM) y la práctica deportiva. Objetivo: determinar la posible asociación de la práctica deportiva y el volumen de entrenamiento en bicicleta con la ADM y la influencia de la proximidad de una prueba ciclodeportiva sobre la ADM. Material y métodos: una primera evaluación de la ADM en 785 (84 mujeres) ciclistas aficionados (volumen ≥ 7 horas/semana), 514 (224 mujeres) practicantes de ciclo indoor (volumen: 2-6 horas/semana) y 718 (411 mujeres) adultos inactivos fue desarrollada en mayo, coincidiendo con la participación de los ciclistas en una prueba ciclodeportiva. Una submuestra de 359 ciclistas y 148 inactivos fueron evaluados nuevamente en noviembre, en fecha alejada de la prueba ciclodeportiva. Se utilizó el cuestionario MEDAS-14 para valorar la ADM y un cuestionario autodiseñado para evaluar el volumen de entrenamiento. Resultados: un 40% de los sujetos evidenció alta ADM. En ambos sexos, los deportistas mostraron mayor ADM que los inactivos, con los mejores índices para los grupos de ciclistas (p < 0,001). La relación entre la ADM y el volumen de entrenamiento fue débil (hombres: r = 0,137, mujeres: r = 0,173; p < 0,001). La ADM de los ciclistas disminuyó de mayo a noviembre (p < 0,001) sin cambios en los sujetos inactivos (p = 0,535). Conclusiones: la práctica deportiva en bicicleta se asocia con una mayor ADM con limitada influencia del volumen de entrenamiento y con efectos positivos transitorios de la participación en una prueba ciclodeportiva.

Resumen En este artículo se revisan los conceptos y las características de la radio definida por software. Se presenta una revisión de las problemáticas de las redes de sensores en cada uno de los campos de aplicación desde la perspectiva de la integración con SDR, para finalmente hacer un análisis de oportunidades y desafíos como estrategia de solución a algunas de las problemáticas más importantes en redes de sensores.

Abstract This paper reviews the concepts and characteristics of Software Defined Radio (SDR), focusing on the problematics of the wireless sensor networks in their fields of application; this with the purpose of finding opportunities to implement SDR functionalities to solve the requirements within the environment of a wireless sensor network.

Resumo Neste artigo revisam-se os conceitos e as características da rádio definida por software. Apresenta-se uma revisão das problemáticas das redes de sensores em cada um dos campos de aplicação desde a perspectiva da integração com SDR, para finalmente fazer uma análise de oportunidades e desafios como estratégia de solução a algumas das problemáticas mais importantes em redes de sensores.

Microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) are present in several production processes in biotechnology. In this study it is evaluated the viability of use of a method involving solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in vivo SPME, in the extraction of MVOCs, associated with the pigment production process by the Monascus fungus. PDMS/Car/DVB (50/30 µm) fiber in the headspace mode (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to fermentation broth study. Seventeen compounds were found associated with the presence of the fungus, being the main ones ethanol, 2-methyl-propanol, 3-methyl-butanol, 2-methyl-butanol and 2-phenyl-ethanol. These compounds have maximum concentration of 313.87, 5.51, 2.37, 0.95 and 0.70 mg L-1. The values of biomass and red pigment found for fermentation for ten days were 4.03 ± 0.21 g L-1 and 3.96 ± 0.17 (UA480). Regular MVOC productions were observed in this study, which were useful in the prediction and control of fermentation by Monascus fungus.

ABSTRACT Banara parviflora (A. Gray) Benth. is a species that belongs to Salicaceae family and is native to Southern Brazil. Fractionation of the ethanolic extract from Banara parviflora leaves afforded, a new compound identified as N 1,N 8-dibenzoylspermidinyl-N 4-acetamide, a spermidine alkaloid. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods (IR, MS, 1H, 13C and 2-D NMR).

Abstract The small producers of corn temporarily living in food poverty, caused in part by low productivity. A model of technological intervention (MIT) was designed to improve the management of corn and land equivalent index (ETI) of producers Zautla-Puebla, Mexico grouped into three regions. The radical and progressive technologies producers were evaluated in management and according to the IET corn, considering the technological standard of efficient and MIT. It was found that: all food producers are poor; radicals and progressive technologies were applied, predominating the latter, which increased the IET; on average 15% of the corn growers proved efficient which drove corn as polyculture. The MIT is articulated to the agroecological paradigm that promotes complementary and synergistic practices and if the producers of corn with low and medium IET is transferred, productivity increased by 141 and 45%.

Resumen Los pequeños productores de maíz de temporal viven en pobreza alimentaria, ocasionada en parte, por la baja productividad. Se diseñó un modelo de intervención tecnológico (MIT) para mejorar el manejo del maíz y el índice equivalente de la tierra (IET) de los productores de Zautla-Puebla, México agrupados en tres regiones. Se evaluaron las tecnologías radicales y progresivas aplicadas en el manejo del maíz y según el IET de los productores, considerando el patrón tecnológico de los eficientes como el MIT. Se encontró que: todos los productores son pobres alimentarios; se aplicaron tecnologías radicales y progresivas, predominando las segundas, las cuales incrementaron el IET; en promedio 15% de los maiceros resultaron ser eficientes los cuales manejaron el maíz como policultivo. El MIT está articulado al paradigma agroecológico que promueve prácticas complementarias y sinérgicas y si se transfiere a los maiceros de bajo y medio IET, su productividad aumentará en 141 y 45%.

This paper presents a teletraffic study that evaluates the benefits of a passive optical access network, fix/mobile, by multiplexing wavelength division (WDM-PON) in which it is appreciated the impact of including extra wavelengths channels for the transmission of multicast services versus the multicast transport service using replicated unicast connections. The conclusion is that under heavy bulk-data traffic, the nominal data rate and tolerated efficiency are defined by the maximum number of out-of-profile users permitted for every multicast solution. Specifically, for the high values of efficiency the channels of extra wavelength avoid the need of multicast wavelengths used only when there is a fraction (significantly small) of out-of-profile users (5%).

Este artículo presenta un estudio de teletráfico que evalúa las prestaciones de una red óptica de acceso pasiva, convergente fija/móvil, por multiplexación en división de longitud de onda (WDM-PON) en la cual se valora el impacto de incluir canales de longitudes de onda extra para la transmisión de servicios multicast contra la solución al transporte de servicios multicast usando conexiones unicast replicadas. Se concluye que bajo condiciones de alta carga de tráfico, la tasa de datos nominal y la eficiencia tolerada definen el máximo número de usuarios fuera de perfil soportados para cada solución multicast considerada. Específicamente, para valores altos de eficiencia, los canales de longitud de onda extra evitan la necesidad de longitudes de onda multicast dedicadas solamente cuando se tiene una fracción de usuarios fuera de perfil sustancialmente pequeña, alrededor de un 5%.

Este trabalho apresenta um método simples para a caracterização estrutural de 3,4-O-benzilideno-D-ribono-1,5-lactonas e análogos, fundamentado em técnicas convencionais de RMN e experimentos de NOESY em solução. 2-O-Acil-3,4-O-benzilideno-D-ribono-1,5-lactonas foram preparadas em bons rendimentos a partir da acilação das lactonas de Zinner empregando cloretos de ácido sob condições básicas. A estrutura de 2-O-(4-nitrobenzoil)-3,4-O-benzilideno-D-ribono-1,5-lactona foi determinada por difração de raios-X e confirmou, de forma inequívoca, os dados espectroscópicos obtidos.

A practical method for the structural assignment of 3,4-O-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactones and analogues using conventional NMR techniques and NOESY measurements in solution is described. 2-O-Acyl-3,4-O-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactones were prepared in good yields by acylation of Zinner’s lactone with acyl chlorides under mildly basic conditions. Structural determination of 2-O-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-3,4-O-benzylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactone was achieved by single crystal x-ray diffraction, which supports the results based on spectroscopic data.

Reportamos aqui a síntese e caracterização do ligante hexadentado H2L (N,N',N,N'-bis[(2-hidroxi-3,5-di-terc -butilbenzil)(2-piridilmetil)]etilenodiamino), como derivado adicional do bem conhecido pré-ligante H2bbpen, e que contém dois grupos fenolatos e dois grupos piridínicos conectados à unidade etilenodiamina. Os grupos fenolatos no pré-ligante H2L estão adequadamente protegidos por grupos substituintes volumosos (terc-butil) nas posições orto- e para-, a partir dos quais complexos contendo radicais fenoxil estáveis podem ser obtidos. Assim, sintetizamos quatro novos complexos mononucleares com MnIII, GaIII, InIII e FeIII, que através de oxidação eletroquímica produzem espécies fenoxil mono- ou di-oxidadas em solução. Estas espécies radicalares foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia UV-Vis e Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica e estudos eletroquímicos. Como esperado, no caso dos complexos de GaIII, InIII e FeIII, nenhum processo de oxidação centrado no metal foi observado. Entretanto, o complexo de manganês sofre processos de oxidação centrados tanto no metal quanto no ligante e conseqüentemente um complexo MnIV-radical fenoxil pode ser gerado em solução. As estruturas dos complexos [MnIII(L)]+ e [GaIII(L)]+ foram determinadas por análises de cristalografia de raios X, revelando complexos monocatiônicos com geometrias octaédricas distorcidas.

Reported herein are the synthesis and characterization of the hexadentate H2L pro-ligand (N,N',N,N'-bis[(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert -butylbenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)]ethylenediamine), as a further derivative of the well known pro-ligand H2bbpen which contains two phenolate and two pyridyl pendant arms. The phenolate groups in H2L are suitably protected by bulky substituents (tert-butyl) in the ortho- and para- positions, from which stable phenoxyl radical complexes can be formed. Thus, we have synthesized four new mononuclear complexes with MnIII, GaIII, InIII and FeIII which through electrochemical oxidation generate one- and two-electron oxidized phenoxyl species in solution. These radical species were characterized by UV-Vis, Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance and electrochemical studies. As expected, in the case of the GaIII, InIII and FeIII complexes no metal-centered oxidation was observed. However, the manganese complex undergoes metal- and ligand-centered oxidation processes and therefore a phenoxyl radical-MnIV complex can be generated in solution. The crystal structures of the [MnIII(L)]+ and [GaIII(L)]+ complexes were determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses revealing monocationic complexes with distorted octahedral geometries.

The phytochemical investigation of the chloroformic and methanolic extracts of the Baccharis pseudotenuifolia led to the isolation of triterpenes, steroids and flavonoids. From chloroformic extract were isolated oleanolic acid and alpha-spinasterol while from methanolic extract were isolated the flavonoids: hispidulin, naringenin, 3'-methoxy-luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, eriodyctiol, aromadendrin, quercetin, 3'-methoxy-quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-glucoside. The structure of these compounds were identified by IR, CG/MS, ¹H and 13C NMR spectral analysis and comparison with literature. In addition, the extracts were evaluated by means of Brine Shrimp Lethality test and the highier activity was observed in the chloroformic extract.

O tautomerismo de cinco 2,2'-bis-benzimidazóis, simetricamente substituídos, [5(6),5'(6')-tetrametil- (1); 5(6),5'(6')-dimetil-(2); 5(6),5'(6')-dicloro- (3); 5(6),5'(6')-dimetoxi- (4) e 4(7),4'(7')-dimetil-2,2'-bis-benzimidazol (5)], foi estudado por espectroscopia de ¹H RMN, a várias temperaturas, e a influência dos substituintes nas barreiras energéticas de interconversão tautomérica, interpretada através de cálculos teóricos.

The tautomerism of five symmetrically substituted 2,2'-bis-benzimidazoles [5(6),5'(6')-tetramethyl- (1); 5(6),5'(6')-dimethyl-(2); 5(6),5'(6')-dichloro- (3); 5(6),5'(6')-dimethoxy- (4) and 4(7),4'(7')-dimethyl-2,2'-bis-benzimidazole (5)], was studied by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy at variable temperatures, and the influence of the substituents on the energy barriers for tautomeric interconversion was interpreted with the aid of theoretical calculations.