ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the Brazilian academic publications on fights and Physical Education. We used content analysis through a state of knowledge, with 38 articles as corpus. As results we built four empirical analytical categories: 1) Space and sociocultural aspects: they point the lack of infrastructure and the scarcity of materials as restrictive factors for the approach of the fight contents in schools; 2) Technologies/media: that serve as auxiliary tools for the inclusion of fights in school Physical Education; 3) Physical Education curriculum: addresses issues related to content, culture, documents and teachers; and 4) Pedagogical practice: which involves more specific issues observed in the studies, such as methodologies involving the application of the content to classes, experiences, dimensions of the content, activities and implications about the themes discussed in the content, such as the association with violence, gender discrimination and sexuality. We conclude that the studies show that the approach of fights as content in schools is still incipient, being the insecurity of the teacher a preponderant factor so that fights are not inserted. Thus, studies indicate the need to create materials and methodologies that help teachers, thus enabling the use of content already consolidated in the literature.

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as publicações acadêmicas brasileiras sobre lutas e Educação Física. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo por meio de revisão narrativa, com 38 artigos como corpus. Como resultado construímos quatro categorias analíticas empíricas: 1) Espaço e aspectos socioculturais: apontam a falta de infraestrutura e a escassez de materiais como fatores restritivos para a abordagem dos conteúdos de luta nas escolas; 2) Tecnologias/mídias: que servem como ferramentas de auxílio para a inclusão das lutas na Educação Física escolar; 3) Currículo de Educação Física: aborda questões relacionadas a conteúdo, cultura, documentos e professores e 4) Prática pedagógica: que envolve questões mais específicas observadas nos estudos, como metodologias que envolvem a aplicação do conteúdo às aulas, vivências, dimensões do conteúdo, atividades e implicações sobre os temas discutidos no conteúdo, como a associação com a violência, a discriminação de gênero e a sexualidade. Concluímos que os estudos mostram que a abordagem das lutas como conteúdo nas escolas ainda é incipiente, sendo a insegurança do professor fator preponderante para que as lutas não sejam inseridas. Dessa forma, estudos indicam a necessidade de criar materiais e metodologias que auxiliem os professores, possibilitando assim a utilização de conteúdos já consolidados na literatura.

Abstract The year 2020 was marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. As a way to prevent and control the spread of the virus, social distancing was implemented and schools were forced to close and switch to remote teaching. The objective of this study is to analyze the different realities of Physical Education teaching work in public and private schools in Porto Alegre (RS) during the pandemic. An online questionnaire was completed by 41 elementary school teachers. In private institutions, classes were mainly conducted in synchronous formats, with video lessons and practice, with emphasis on health improvement. Public institutions took longer to resume classes and opted for asynchronous teaching methods and sending assignments in different formats and content. This was mainly due to lack of access to technological equipment and internet service. The subjects’ freedom of action shows that the teaching practices are the result of their own conceptions of the world, but are also limited by other contextual factors.

Resumo O ano de 2020 foi marcado pela pandemia do COVID-19. Como maneira de prevenir e diminuir a propagação do vírus, o distanciamento social foi empregado e as escolas foram forçadas a fecharem e optarem pelo ensino remoto. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar as diferentes realidades do trabalho docente da Educação Física escolar nas escolas públicas e privadas de Porto Alegre-RS durante a pandemia. Um questionário online foi aplicado com 41 professores do Ensino Fundamental. Nas instituições privadas, as aulas ocorreram em sua maioria em formatos síncronas, com videoaulas e práticas, ressaltando a melhoria de saúde. As instituições públicas demoraram mais para retomar as aulas e optaram por formatos assíncronos e envio de tarefas em formatos e conteúdos diversos. Isso se deu, sobretudo, pela carência de condições para ter acesso a equipamentos tecnológicos e à internet. A liberdade de ação dos sujeitos mostra que as ações docentes são resultantes das suas concepções de mundo, mas também limitadas pela configuração.

ABSTRACT Introduction The optimal rectal cancer care is achieved by a multidisciplinary approach, with a high-quality surgical resection, with complete mesorectal excision and adequate margins. New approaches like the transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) aim to achieve these goals, maximizing the sphincter preservation ratio, with good oncologic and functional results. This report describes a way to implement TaTME without a proctor, presents the first case series of this approach in a center experienced in rectal cancer, and compares the results with those of the international literature. Methods We performed a retrospective study of the first 10 consecutive patients submitted to TaTME for rectal cancer at our institution. The primary outcomes were postoperative complications, pathological specimen quality and local recurrence rate. The results and performance were compared with the outcomes of a known structured program with proctorship and with the largest meta-analysis on this topic. Results All patients had locally advanced cancer; therefore, all underwent neoadjuvant therapy. A total of 30% had postoperative complications, without mortality or re-admissions. In comparison with the structured training program referred, no differences were found in postoperative complications and reintervention rates, resulting in a similar quality of resection. Comparing these results with those of the largest meta-analysis on the subject, no differences in the postoperative complication rates were found, and very similar outcomes regarding anastomotic leaks and oncological quality of resection were registered. Conclusion The results of this study validate the safety and effectiveness of our pathway regarding the implementation of the TaTME approach, highlighting the fact that it should be done in a center with proficiency in minimally invasive rectal surgery.

RESUMO Os processos de mundialização e de harmonização da antidopagem, liderados principalmente pela Agência Mundial Antidopagem (WADA), produziram uma série de instituições interessadas, que, segundo os atores, devem atuar de forma independente, especialmente dos Estados nacionais e das federações esportivas. No Brasil, porém, a Autoridade Brasileira de Controle de Dopagem (ABCD) foi criada em 2009 como uma secretaria do Ministério do Esporte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar de que formas os atores se associam e sustentam um discurso de independência na luta antidopagem brasileira. A partir de uma inserção etnográfica, que incluiu entrevistas e análise documental, este estudo descreve, nos caminhos da sociologia pragmática e no uso do conceito Eliasiano de interdependência, as aproximações da agência nacional antidopagem, em especial, com atores do governo bem como com a federação brasileira de futebol. Nesse sentido, utilizamos os conceitos de interdependência e de harmonização para analisar as associações e, desse modo, refletimos sobre o discurso de independência ao apresentar os interesses nas associações entre os atores.

ABSTRACT The anti-doping globalization and harmonization processes, led mainly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), produced a series of interested institutions, which, according to the actors, must act independently, especially from national states and sports federations. In Brazil, however, the Brazilian Doping Control Authority (ABCD) was created in 2009 as a secretariat of the Ministry of Sports. The objective of this paper was to analyze how the actors associate and sustain a discourse of independence in the Brazilian anti-doping fight. Based on an ethnographic insertion, which included interviews and documentary analysis, this study describes, in the ways of pragmatic sociology and with the use of the Eliasian concept of interdependence, the approximations of the national anti-doping agency, especially with government actors as well as with Brazilian football federation. In this sense, we use the concepts of interdependence and harmonization to analyze associations and, thus, we reflect on the discourse of independence when presenting interests in associations between actors.