Abstract This paper presents the causal mechanisms that influenced instances of legal change in terms of sexual and gender diversities (ECLDS) between 1980 and 2018 in Peru. Process tracing methodology was used to identify the ECLDS, as well as the corresponding societal and society-state interactions. The results shows that historical sedimentations, lineages, and records worked as causal mechanisms in each instance. Societal interactions between championing and dissenting actors have been predominantly antagonistic and hostile. While actors who supported the changes acted conventionally, actors against the ECLDS were innovative. Processual interactionism provides an adequate perspective to understand the conditions in which the results of each ECLDS are presented. This is a complementary analysis of studies about legal sources in instances of legal change, as well as in those with a gender perspective.

Resumen El objetivo es explicar los mecanismos causales que incidieron en los eventos de cambio legal sobre diversidades sexuales y de género (ECLDS) entre 1980 y 2018 en Perú. Se usó la metodología process tracing para identificar ECLDS, las interacciones societales y socio-estatales correspondientes. Los hallazgos indican que sedimentaciones históricas, linajes y records, operan como mecanismos causales en cada evento. Las interacciones societales entre actores a favor y en contra, han sido predominantemente antagónicas y hostiles; de convencionalidad entre los actores a favor; y de innovación entre los actores que se oponen a los ECLDS. Se muestra que el interaccionismo procesual resulta un enfoque adecuado para comprender las condiciones en las que se presentan resultados de cada ECLDS. Este es un análisis complementario a los estudios sobre fuentes del derecho en los eventos de cambio legal, y a aquellos que siguen el enfoque de género.

Resumo A partir da teoria da esfera civil, este artigo analisa como dois discursos concorrentes disputam o sentido da Greve Geral das Mulheres contra o feminicídio, ocorrida no México em 2020. Por um lado, tal protesto foi interpretado como uma proposta de mulheres autônomas para chamar atenção para as condições de violência contra a mulher. Por outro, foi considerado uma iniciativa de grupos conservadores para minar a legitimidade do governo. Cada discurso atribuía um caráter autêntico ou impuro à greve e aos atores que a apoiavam. Foi realizada uma análise de colunas políticas de cinco jornais do México para observar como as razões, as relações e as instituições civis e anti-civis eram atribuídas a quem apoiava ou criticava a greve. Os resultados mostram que a disputa colocou em xeque os contornos do feminismo, as formas de protesto das mulheres e a maneira como o governo avaliava a veracidade de suas demandas. civil feminicídio 2020 lado mulher outro apoiavam razões anticivis anti feminismo demandas 202 20 2

Abstract Following the theory of the civil sphere, it is analyzed how two competing discourses disputed the meaning of the National Women’s Strike against feminicide carried out in Mexico in 2020. On the one hand, it was interpreted as the proposal of autonomous women to make visible the conditions of violence against them. On the other hand, as an initiative by conservative groups to undermine the legitimacy of the government. Each discourse attributed a pure and impure character to the strike and the groups that supported it. An analysis of the political columns of five national newspapers was carried out to observe how civil and anti-civil motives, relationships and institutions were attributed to those who supported or criticized the strike. The results show that the dispute questioned the contours of feminism, the ways in which women protested, and the way in which the government evaluated the authenticity of their demands. sphere Womens Women s 2020 hand them anticivil anti motives feminism protested demands 202 20 2

Resumen Se analiza la disputa de sentido que generaron los posicionamientos encontrados del "#Metoo" y la "Otra palabra" en torno al acoso y su sanción en la prensa iberoamericana, europea y estadounidense. Se examinaron los discursos en competencia que legitimaron y contaminaron las pretensiones de ambos posicionamientos. Se usó la metodología propuesta por la teoría de la esfera civil. Se analizó cómo se imputaron o atribuyeron motivos, relaciones e instituciones civiles y anti-civiles tanto al "#Metoo" y la "Otra palabra". Se concluyó que los discursos en competencia definieron la legitimidad de estos posicionamientos a partir de los binarios de clase, raza, activismo político, posición moral, agresión y la centralidad de lo femenino.

Abstract The dispute of meaning generated by the found positions of "#Metoo" and "Une autre parole" about harassment and its sanction in the Latin American, European, and American press is analyzed. The competing speeches that legitimized and contaminated the claims of both positions were examined. The methodology proposed by the civil sphere theory was used. It was analyzed how civil and anti-civil motives, relations, and institutions were imputed or attributed to both the "#Metoo" and the "Other word". It was concluded that competing speeches defined the legitimacy of these positions based on class binaries, race, political activism, moral position, aggression, and the centrality of the feminine.

Abstract The objective is to analyze the discursive competition to signify the #NoMeCuidanMeViolan protest, which occurred in Mexico City in 2019. Following the theory and the methodology of the civil sphere, the motivations, relationships and institutions that were imputed to the movement in the competition for its meaning were analyzed in five national newspapers. In methodological terms, 64 journalistic columns were reviewed in order to identify those imputations. The protest triggered: 1) a space of solidarity and empathy to confront violence against women; 2) a dispute about the civility or incivility of the women who participated in the demonstration; and 3) a dispute over the performance of government institutions. It is concluded that women translate demands for inclusion, solidarity and civil membership by altering the social order. One limitation of the analysis is that it puts aside the role of feminist organizations in the dispute over the direction of the march. This limitation should be covered in future research.

Resumen El objetivo es analizar la competencia discursiva por significar la protesta #NoMeCuidanMeViolan, ocurrida en la Ciudad de México en 2019. Siguiendo la teoría y la metodología de la esfera civil, se analizaron las motivaciones, las relaciones y las instituciones que se imputaron al movimiento en la competencia por su sentido en cinco diarios de circulación nacional. En términos metodológicos, se revisaron 64 columnas periodísticas con el fin de identificar dichas imputaciones. La protesta detonó: 1) un espacio de solidaridad y empatía para enfrentar la violencia contra la mujer; 2) una disputa acerca de la civilidad o incivilidad de las mujeres que participaron en la manifestación; y 3) una disputa frente al desempeño de las instituciones del gobierno. Se concluye que las mujeres traducen demandas de inclusión, solidaridad y membresía civil alterando el orden social. Una limitante del análisis es que deja de lado el papel de las organizaciones feministas en la disputa por el sentido de la marcha. Convendría cubrir esta limitación en futuras investigaciones.