Abstract The Northeastern Mata Atlântica Freshwater ecoregion (NMAF) is part of the 25 worlds biodiversity hotspots. It comprises the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor and Chapada Diamantina Complex (in part), including high rates of endemism in coastal freshwater ecosystems. However, estimates indicate a high population decline in Freshwater ecosystems. Trichoptera are the most affected insect order, with average extinction rates of ~9% and many unknown species (e.g., estimates are around 50% in Brazil and Ecuador). This crisis can be aggravated by gaps in the knowledge of species (Linnean shortfall) and their distribution (Wallacean shortfall), caused mainly by a lack of investment in extensive fauna inventories and human resources related to systematics. Thus, to face these shortfalls in NMAF, we describe four new species of. H. (Feropsyche) and provide new distribution records. In addition, we perform niche modeling based on the species distributions of the group to identify areas with high environmental suitability to direct biodiversity research efforts on NMAF, a highly endemic and underexplored ecoregion. We increased the number of known species of NMAF from seven to 16 species. The niche modeling pointed to two areas as priorities to guide the strategies to reduce shortfalls in the NMAF. (NMAF 2 hotspots part, , part) ecosystems However order 9 ~9 e.g., eg e g (e.g. 50 Ecuador. Ecuador . Ecuador) Linnean shortfall Wallacean shortfall, systematics Thus H Feropsyche (Feropsyche records addition 1 ~ e.g. (e.g 5 e.g

ABSTRACT Insects are fundamental to biodiversity conservation in almost all ecosystems, and their population decline, and extinction directly result from environmental impacts. These facts are aggravated by the lack of knowledge of insect biodiversity, the so-called biodiversity deficits, especially the Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls. In freshwater ecosystems, biodiversity loss is higher among aquatic insects, and caddisflies comprise one of the most vulnerable orders. In this way, research focusing on describing new caddisfly species and understanding their distribution ranges will increase knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity. In the past 14 years, the team from the Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática “Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich” (LEAq, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil) and collaborators have been addressing these issues, resulting in 55 described species of caddisflies. Taxa in other insect orders have also received attention and an additional 16 species have been described (eight mayflies, four stoneflies, four neuropteran spongillaflies, and antlions). Here, eight caddisfly species are described and illustrated (Atopsyche froehlichi sp. nov., Austrotinodes zeferina sp. nov., Cernotina kariri sp. nov., Neoathripsodes froehlichi sp. nov., Notalina claudiofroehlichi sp. nov., Oecetis marcus sp. nov., Phylloicus froehlichi sp. nov., and Polycentropus claudioi sp. nov.), five of them in honor of LEAq’s patron. In addition, new distributional data are presented for 10 known species. A checklist of the caddisfly fauna of Bahia state is also presented, with 138 species, around 75% and 30% of them recorded and described by the LEAq team, respectively. Currently, for caddisflies, Bahia is the fifth most species-rich state in Brazil, and the first in the Brazilian Northeast region. ecosystems decline impacts socalled so called deficits shortfalls insects way 1 years Prof. Prof “Prof Dr Froehlich LEAq, (LEAq Brazil issues 5 mayflies stoneflies spongillaflies antlions. antlions . antlions) Here Atopsyche sp nov nov. , nov.) LEAqs s patron addition 13 75 30 respectively Currently speciesrich rich region 7 3

ABSTRACT The limited knowledge of biodiversity constrains conservation strategies in a wide range of questions. Overcoming and recognizing these knowledge deficits require integrated efforts by current researchers and constitute crucial challenges for the next generations. Prof. Dr. Claudio Froehlich was a pioneer in implementing a research program integrating ecology and taxonomy, especially in aquatic insects, in Brazil. This special issue was conceptualized to honor his prolific scientific career and constitutes a tribute to the pioneering in Brazilian aquatic entomology. A brief biography of Prof. Dr. Claudio Froehlich was presented as well as 13 papers facing the biodiversity knowledge shortfalls from five insect orders (Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Neuroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera), with behavior reports (Eltonian shortfall), 23 new species described (Linnean shortfall), and distribution records for several taxa (Wallacean shortfall). questions generations Prof Dr taxonomy insects Brazil entomology 1 Diptera, Diptera (Diptera Ephemeroptera Neuroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera, Trichoptera , Trichoptera) Eltonian shortfall, shortfall shortfall) 2 Linnean Wallacean shortfall. .

Os Trichoptera compreendem a maior ordem de insetos estritamente aquáticos e constituem a maior proporção da comunidade dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Há 13.000 espécies descritas no mundo, cerca de 2.500 espécies na Região Neotropical e 479 ocorrentes no Brasil. A fauna brasileira de Trichoptera inclui membros de 16 famílias (Anomalopsychidae, Atriplectididae, Calamoceratidae, Ecnomidae, Glossosomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Hydrobiosidae, Hydropsychidae, Hydroptilidae, Leptoceridae, Limnephilidae, Odontoceridae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Sericostomatidae e Xiphocentronidae). No Estado de São Paulo, há 126 espécies catalogadas em 15 famílias, sem registros apenas para Limnephilidae.

Trichoptera are the major order among the aquatic insects and constitute a large proportion of benthic macroinvertebrate community. There are about 13,000 described species of caddisflies in the world, 2,500 in Neotropics and 479 species records to Brazil. The Brazilian caddisflies fauna included members of 16 families (Anomalopsychidae, Atriplectididae, Calamoceratidae, Ecnomidae, Glossosomatidae, Helicopsychidae, Hydrobiosidae, Hydropsychidae, Hydroptilidae, Leptoceridae, Limnephilidae, Odontoceridae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Sericostomatidae and Xiphocentronidae). In São Paulo State, there are 126 registered species in 15 families, without records only to Limnephilidae.

O subgênero neotropical Notalina (Neonotalina) Holzenthal contém nove espécies descritas em dois grupos de espécies, brasiliana e roraima, provenientes do Sudeste brasileiro e da região Amazônica, respectivamente. Neste artigo, uma nova espécie de Notalina é descrita e ilustrada a partir de espécimes colecionados no Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brasil. A nova espécie é facilmente diagnosticada pelo seguinte conjunto de caracteres: presença de dois pares de processos no segmento abdominal X; presença de protuberâncias basoventrais bem desenvolvidas, mesalmente direcionadas em vista ventral; presença de processo mesoventral acuminado, com formato triangular no apêndice inferior, e aparato fálico com extensões laterais levemente curvadas em vista dorsal, não direcionadas lateralmente.

The endemic Neotropical long-horned caddisfly subgenus Notalina (Neonotalina) Holzenthal contains nine described species in two species groups, the brasiliana and roraima groups, from the Brazilian Southeastern and Amazonian regions, respectively. In this paper, a new species of Notalina in the brasiliana species group, from Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goiás state, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is easily recognized by the following character set: presence of two pairs of processes on abdominal segment X; presence of well-developed basoventral protuberances, mesally directed in ventral view; presence of triangle-shaped, acuminated mesoventral process on the inferior appendages; and phallic apparatus with flanges slightly curved in dorsal view, not laterally directed.