Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de Escoliosis Idiopática del Adolescente (EIA), riesgo de progresión (RP) y Calidad de vida (CdV) en estudiantes entre 10 a 18 años. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Se incluyeron estudiantes de 10 a 18 años de cinco comunas de Región Metropolitana (RM), Chile. Se realizó Prueba de Adams y con escoliómetro se midió el ángulo de rotación del tronco (ART) a nivel de columna torácica, toracolumbar y lumbar. Si ART era ≥ 6°, se realizó exploración radiológica de columna completa anteroposterior y lateral, midiendo posteriormente ángulo de Cobb. Se confirmó escoliosis con ángulo de Cobb ≥ 10° con rotación vertebral. Se calculó factor de progresión mediante fórmula de Lonstein & Carlston. Para evaluar la CdV se utilizaron los cuestionarios de CdV en deformidades del raquis y escala de percepción de apariencia del tronco. Resultados: 1200 estudiantes fueron examinados. 54,92% mujeres. 8,17% tenía ART ≥ 6°. Se encontró escoliosis leve en 2,91%; moderada en 0,75% y severa en 0,17%. La prevalencia total fue 3,83% (IC 95%: 2,74 - 4,92). El 82,61% de los casos de EIA pesquisados correspondieron a diagnóstico tardío, cuando los estudiantes habían superado el estirón del crecimiento. De los casos de escoliosis, 21,74% tenían RP ≥ 50%. La CdV se correlacionó positivamente con gravedad de la curva, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones. Prevalencia de EIA fue 3,83%. La mayoría de las EIA fueron pesquisados cuando los estudiantes habían superado el estirón del crecimiento, con alto riesgo de progresión. La CdV de vida se correlacionó positiva y débilmente con gravedad de la curva.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), progression risk, and quality of life in students aged from 10 to 18 years. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study in students 10 - 18 years old from 5 communes in Santiago, Chile, between 2015-2016. Adam’s Test was performed and the angle trunk rotation (ATR) at the thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar levels were measured with a scoliometer. If ATR was ≥ 6°, anteroposterior and lateral radiological images of the spine were taken, and Cobb angle was measured. Scoliosis was confirmed if the Cobb angle was ≥ 10° plus vertebral rotation. Progression factor was calculated with Lonstein and Carlson formula. Quality of life was assessed through spinal deformities questionnaires and the trunk appearance perception scale. Results: 1200 students were evaluated, 54.9% were female, and 8.17% had ATR ≥ 6°. We found mild scoliosis in 2.91%, moderate in 0.75% and severe in 0.17%. Total prevalence was 3.83% (CI 95%: 2.74 - 4.92). 82.61% of the cases had a late diagnosis, after their growth spurt. Of the patients with scoliosis, 21.74% had a progression risk ≥ 50%. Quality of life had a positive correlation with scoliosis severity, not statistically significant. Conclusions: Prevalence of AIS was 3.83%. Most patients were diagnosed after their growth spurt with high progression risk. Quality of life showed a weak positive correlation with scoliosis severity.

Abstract Objective: The aims of this study were twofold. First, to provide evidence of the validity and reliability of the Adolescent Lifestyle Profile-Revised 2 (ALP-R2) among adolescents in Chile; and second, to examine the relationship between the health-promoting behaviors measured by this scale and several demographic variables. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Students attending grades 9 through 12 from schools representing low-, middle-, and high-income families were included. All schools were in the city of San Felipe, Chile. Students completed the ALP-R2, a fourty-four-item scale aiming to assess health-promoting behaviors. To evaluate validity and reliability, confirmatory factor analysis and omega coefficient calculation were conducted, respectively. Results: The sample size was 572 students (82.5% of the eligible population). More males (56.6%) than females (43.4%) participated in the study, and the mean age was 16.4 (SD, 1.3) years. The ALP-R2 had adequate adjustment indicators in the confirmatory factor analysis, which means that the data supports the original theoretical model (seven subscales). The highest internal consistency was obtained for the total scale (Ω = 0.87); and (among the subscales), physical activity (Ω = 0.85) and spiritual health (Ω = 0.78) had the highest reliability. Conclusions: The ALP-R2 appears to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess health-promoting behaviors among adolescents attending secondary schools.

Biological medications are effective for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence in systematic reviews or meta-analyses about the risk of infection in patients with cancer, arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease who use biological medications. We included systematic reviews or meta-analyses of controlled clinical trials and case/control studies that analyze infections during and after treatment with FDA-approved biological medications for the treatment of cancer, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis, both in adults and children. The following databases were consulted: PubMed, Epistemonikos, Crochrane reviews, JIB, and Prospero. A quality guideline (AMSTAR) was applied to the selected studies. We included 26 studies. The risk of infections in patients with solid organ cancer is consistent in the literature. In psoriasis there is a risk of non-serious infections. In arthritis and other inflammatory diseases there is a risk of serious infections. In inflammatory bowel disease there is a risk for opportunistic infections. In conclusion, in patients with cancer and inflammatory diseases use biological medications entails a risk of infection. The evidence is different depending on the underlying disease of each patient.

Introduction: Operative wound infections of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty have an incidence from 2% to 5%, generating impact on hospital stay, resource use, prolonged antibiotic therapy, including temporary or definitive sequelae. Objective: To generate a predictive model for surgical wound infection in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty between 2012 and 2014 at the High Complexity Hospital. Material and Method: Cohort of patients with total hip arthroplasty. A description of the epidemiological variables was made and a predictive model was generated by means of logistic regression. Results: 441 patients were analyzed. The predictive model obtained included the variables: days of post-operative stay (OR 1.11 IC95% [1.03 - 1.20]), transfusion of at least one unit of red blood cells (OR 3.13 IC95% [1.17 - 10.86]), diagnosis of previous depression to surgery (OR 5.75 IC95% [1.32 - 25.32], non-compliance with antibioprophylaxis administration time (OR 5.46 IC95% [1.68 - 17.78], P < 0.001) and pseudo R2 = 0.2293. Score point of 13 points with sensitivity 44.4%, specificity of 91.6%, LR (+) 5.29, LR (-) 0.61, 1 to 6 points “low risk”, 7 to 12 points “medium risk”, 13 to 18 points “high risk”, from 19 points as “maximum risk”. Conclusion: the model presents a good predictive capacity of operative wound infection and adequately represents the cohort under study.

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones de herida operatoria de pacientes intervenidos de artroplastía total de cadera, presentan una incidencia desde 2 a 5%, generando impacto en la estadía hospitalaria, uso de recursos, antibioterapia prolongada y secuelas temporales o definitivas. Objetivo: Generar un modelo predictivo para la infección de herida operatoria en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastía total de cadera, entre los años 2012 y 2014, en un hospital de alta complejidad. Material y Método: Cohorte de pacientes con artroplastía total de cadera. Se efectuó la descripción de las variables epidemiológicas y se generó un modelo predictivo por regresión logística. Resultados: Se analizaron 441 pacientes. El modelo predictivo obtenido incluyó las variables: días de estadía post operatoria (OR 1,11 IC95% [1,03-1,20]), transfusión de al menos una unidad de glóbulos rojos (OR 3,13 IC95% [1,17-10,86]), diagnóstico de depresión previo a la cirugía (OR 5,75 IC95% [1,32-25,32], incumplimiento del tiempo de administración de la antibioprofilaxis (OR 5,46 IC95% [1,68-17,78]; p < 0,001) y pseudo R2 = 0,2293. Punto de corte de “score” de 13 puntos con sensibilidad 44,4%, especificidad de 91,6%, LR (+) 5,29, LR (-) 0,61, considerando además la siguiente clasificación: 1 a 6 puntos “bajo riesgo”, 7 a 12 puntos “mediano riesgo”, 13 a 18 puntos “alto riesgo”, desde 19 puntos como “máximo riesgo”. Conclusión: El modelo presenta una buena capacidad de predicción de infección de herida operatoria y representa adecuadamente a la cohorte en estudio.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) represents 90% of entrapment neuropathies. Severity may be greater in older patients. Aim: To describe the electrophysiological findings in adult patients with CTS and determine if severity is related to age. Material and Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study of electrophysiological findings in patients over 18 years of age with clinical suspicion of CTS, studied between January 2011 and December 2015. Neurophysiological severity was classified in 3 grades, comparing them by age, gender and laterality. Results: Of 1156 patients subjected to electrophysiological studies due to a clinical suspicion of CTS, 690 (60%) had electrophysiological features of the disease. In 274 patients (24%) the compromise was mild, in 162 (14%) it was moderate and in 254 (22%) it was severe. There was a positive association between age and CTS severity (p < 0.01). Severity was significantly greater in males than females (p < 0.01). Bilateral CTS was present in 471 patients (68%), which was associated with increased age and severity (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Electrophysiological severity in CTS increases with age. Other factors associated with higher severity are male gender and bilateral disease.

Background: The global fertility rate (GFR) is defined as the mean number of children that a woman could have in a hypothetical cohort, not exposed to death during the fertile period. GFR has fallen from 3.4 to 1.9 children per women in the period 1970-2010. Aim: To explore the relationship between the fall in GFR and the incorporation of women to work in the period 1960-2011. Material and Methods: Data from the National Statistics Institute was used. GRF was calculated using specific fertility rates for each year considering women aged 15 to 49 years. Work rates were obtained from yearly vital statistics reports. Results: Between 1960 and 2011, GRF decreased from 5.5 to 1.9 in Chile. The first inflection occurred in 1970. In the same period, female workforce increased from 22.4 to 40.2%. Conclusions: To motivate the participation of female workforce without decrease the GRF allowing population replacement, it is suggested the need to create new public policies with benefits and support from the state.

Background: There is an established relation between cancer and the development of thromboembolic venous disease. Khorana et al developed a predictive score using clinical characteristics and laboratory values to stratify patients according to their risk. Aim: To characterize using Khorana score, patients with active cancer and a diagnosis of thromboembolic disease during hospitalization in an oncology hospital. Material and Methods: Review of records of the pharmacy of the hospital, selecting patients who received heparin in therapeutic doses during their hospitalization. Using laboratory values available in the medical records, the Khorama score was calculated. Results: Twenty seven patients with thromboembolic events, aged 60 ± 2 years (56% males) were selected for the study. Eighty percent of them were catalogued in the intermediate and high risk group according to Khorana score. Conclusions: Khorana score is a simple scale that might be useful to establish early prophylactic measures in patients with high risk for thromboembolic events, especially those with cancer.

Aim: To establish the prevalence of HPV in patients with diagnose of Oral Squamous cell carcinoma, treated in the Instituto nacional del Cáncer in fresh tumoral samples. methods: Cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria were patients over 18 years, histological diagnosis of Oral Squamous cell carcinoma, that haven’t received any previous cancer treatment, in normal physical and mental conditions. All patients signed an informed consent. Samples consisting of fresh biopsies of lesions with clinical and pathological diagnosis were made. The samples were processed in the Programme of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, through PCR and genotyped by Linear Array® (ROCHE). Results: The prevalence of VPH obtained in this patients was of 9.09% (2/22), corresponding 1 to VPH 56. The positive patients for VPH resulted to be a man of 35 years and a woman of 73 years (9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV in this type of patients was 9.09%, similar than the international publications.

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia del virus papiloma humano (VPH) en pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma escamoso de la cavidad oral (COCE), atendidos en el Instituto nacional del Cáncer (INCANCER). material y método: Estudio de corte transversal. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico histológico de COCE, que no hubiesen recibido ningún tratamiento oncológico previo, en condiciones físicas y mentales normales. Todos los pacientes firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se les realizó una entrevista y se tomaron muestras que consistieron en biopsias frescas de lesiones con diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico de COCE. Las muestras se procesaron en el Programa de Virología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile, a través de PCR y se genotipificaron mediante Linear Array® (ROCHE). Resultados: La prevalencia de VPH obtenida en estos pacientes fue de un 9,09% (2/22), correspondiendo 1 a VPH 56. Los pacientes positivos para VPH resultaron ser un hombre de 35 años y una mujer de 73 años (9%). Conclusión: La prevalencia del VPH en este tipo de pacientes fue de 9,09%, similar a las publicaciones internacionales.

Background: Survival rates after curative surgery for gastric cancer are disappointing. Therefore adjuvant therapeutic strategies are required. Aim: To analyze survival and side effects of treatment among gastric cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemo radiotherapy after curative resection of gastric adenocarcinoma. Material and methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 74 patients aged 20 to 74 years, treated with complete resection of gastric adenocarcinoma followed by adjuvant chemo radiation. Survival analysis was based on the records and information from the National Mortality Registry. Results: Five years survival fluctuated from 50% among patients in stage IB to 25% among those is stage IV. Significant acute toxicity was observed in 23 patients (31%). No patients died due to acute toxicity. Eleven patients (16.4%) developed significant late toxicity, with two possible deaths related to treatment. Conclusions: Postoperative chemo radiotherapy is feasible in our experience. Continues infusion of 5-fluoruracil is recommended to reduce toxicity.