ABSTRACTThis study shows the results of a wide but non-exhaustive review on plants cited in the literacy work of the writer-naturalist João Guimarães Rosa (J.G. Rosa). Information about popular names and use of plants were recovered through a review in seven works of the author. The assignment of the scientific names was based in other previous ethnobotanical studies performed in similar areas of Cerrado in Minas Gerais state. For each species, data about their presence in the Brazilian Official Pharmacopoeia, or use for preparing commercial products were checked. A total of 964 popular names for plants were recovered, 59 of them being more frequently cited. From the total citations, 57 native species have their use described by the author but curiously, only thirteen are referred to as medicinal. It is assumed that the literature from J.G. Rosa is very rich in data about the utility of the plants from the Cerrado; however, the present work shows that his interest was rather the literary (poetic) creation, and we demystify that supposition.

As sementes de castanha-da-Índia (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae) são utilizadas na medicina tradicional em várias partes do mundo no tratamento de varizes. Muitos estudos, inclusive clínicos, comprovaram as atividades antiedematosa, anti-inflamatória e venotônica do extrato padronizado da planta. O componente ativo é uma mistura de saponinas, denominada aescina. Foram analisadas amostras de droga vegetal rasurada e em pó, extrato seco, cápsulas contendo pó vegetal e extrato e comprimidos de extrato de castanha-da-Índia adquiridas no mercado nacional. Verificou-se a autenticidade (caracterização organoléptica, macroscópica e microscópica), a pureza (determinação de matéria estranha, água e cinzas totais), a presença e o teor de aescina, além das condições de prescrição e dispensação desses medicamentos. As análises confirmaram a autenticidade e pureza de todas as amostras. A aescina foi detectada mas os teores foram muito variáveis, estando abaixo do especificado na bibliografia em quase todas as amostras. Apesar de ser utilizada eficazmente em outros países, a pesquisa demonstrou que os produtos disponíveis no comércio brasileiro encontram-se fora das especificações necessárias para a atividade farmacológica. Esse quadro revela a necessidade urgente de melhoria da manipulação de fitoterápicos, de forma a promover a utilização adequada desses medicamentos.

The seeds of horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae) have been used in traditional medicine in several parts of the world to treat chronic venous insufficiency. Many experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that A. hippocastanum extracts increase venous tonus. This activity is attributed to a mixture of saponins (aescin). In this study, samples of A. hippocastanum obtained from herbal shops, pharmacies and drug stores were analyzed and their authenticity (organoleptic properties, macroscopy and microscopy characterization), purity (determination of foreign matter, water and ashes) and content of aescin were determined. The analyses confirmed the authenticity and purity of all samples, however the content of aescin showed variation in all analysed sample and was out of the specification for each one. Although, A. hippocastanum has been widely used in other countries with proven efficacy, the results of the present study showed that the available Brazilian products do not meet the standarts for use as a therapeutic agent.