ABSTRACT The multidimensional change in the Cuban revolutionary process allowed the scientific development of the island. The objective of this article is to explain the relationship between the Cuban scientific policy and its consequent strengths to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Several investigations on Cuban scientific policy, Biotechnology, updated studies on the world's confrontation with COVID-19, and Cuba's response were reviewed. Bibliographic searches were carried out on Internet sites and printed books. Cuba, a developing country, has been historically affected by an unequal and exclusive international economic, commercial and political system. Even so, it has a coherent and systematic scientific policy, which exhibits results that are not perfect, but respectable and honest. Thanks to its Health System and the development of science, it can be said that the Cuban response to this pandemic has been, fundamentally, successful.

RESUMEN El cambio multidimensional que significó el proceso revolucionario cubano, permitió el desarrollo científico de la isla. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar la relación entre la política científica cubana y sus consecuentes fortalezas para el enfrentamiento a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se revisaron varias investigaciones sobre la política científica cubana, la Biotecnología, los estudios actualizados sobre el enfrentamiento del mundo a la COVID-19, y la respuesta de Cuba. Se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas en sitios de internet y libros impresos. Cuba, país en vías de desarrollo, históricamente se ha visto afectado por un sistema económico, comercial y político internacional desigual y excluyente. Aun así, cuenta con una política científica coherente y sistemática, que exhibe resultados no perfectos, pero respetables y honestos. A través de la ciencia y el Sistema de Salud, se puede decir que la respuesta cubana ante esta pandemia, ha sido, en lo fundamental, exitosa.

Resumen En la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, se realizan cines debate desde el año 2013, como parte del programa educativo para la formación humana en las carreras de la salud. El artículo da cuenta del universo cultural que representa el cine para la formación en Salud, de los principales ejes metodológicos formulados desde la presente experiencia- así como- del balance favorable obtenido. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas disponibles en bases de datos de internet. Las autoras evidencian sus propias consideraciones y las conclusiones sobre las significativas ventajas del uso del cine para la formación humana en Salud.

Summary At the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, debate cinemas have been held since 2013, as part of the educational program for human training in health careers. The article gives an account of the cultural universe that the cinema represents for Health training, of the main methodological axes formulated from the present experience - as well as - of the favorable balance obtained. A qualitative methodology was used with the review of bibliographic sources available in internet databases. The authors evidence their own considerations and conclusions about the significant advantages of using cinema for human training in Health.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The future health information systems professional must develop necessary skills for fulfillment in action modes as society expects from him, in the areas of Information in Health. OBJECTIVE: to explain the importance of informational competencies development in SIS students. METHOD: A qualitative study of a descriptive nature was carried out that allowed to analyze, synthesize documents and bibliography during the second semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. RESULTS: Theoretical systematizations of different national of concepts of professional and informational competences were carried out, defining as informational competences "The system of knowledge, skills and values, who train future SIS professionals to determine when they need information, how to locate it, how to assess their suitability, and give them proper professional use; through the efficient use of ICTs in health information management processes." CONCLUSIONS: The Bachelor of HIS is a professional who must have technical, teaching and scientific competences, in the term informational competence.

RESUMEN El futuro profesional de Sistemas de Información en Salud (SIS) debe desarrollar las destrezas necesarias para el cumplimiento de los modos de actuación que la sociedad espera de él, en las esferas de la información en Salud. OBJETIVO: explicar la importancia del desarrollo de las competencias informacionales en los estudiantes de SIS. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo que permitió analizar, sintetizar documentos y bibliografía durante el segundo semestre del curso 2019-2020. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron sistematizaciones teóricas de diferente autores, definiendo como competencias informacionales “El sistema de conocimientos, habilidades y valores; que capacitan a los futuros profesionales de SIS, para determinar cuándo necesitan información, cómo localizarla, evaluar su idoneidad; a través del uso eficiente de las TICS en los procesos de gestión de la información en salud”. CONCLUSIONES: El Licenciado en SIS es un profesional que debe poseer competencias técnicas, docentes y científicas, en el término competencia informacional.

RESUMO A filologia ocupa-se das práticas de edição e crítica de textos, buscando trazer, em novo circuito de leitura, as produções artístico-literárias e diferentes possibilidades de leitura e interpretação (crítica filológica). Neste artigo, pretende-se, a partir da massa documental que forma os acervos de escritores e dramaturgos baianos, relativa à produção dramatúrgica sob censura, no período da ditadura militar (1964-1985), dar destaque a algumas memórias lidas pelo pesquisador nos documentos que atestam a gênese do texto e/ou do espetáculo e as redes de sociabilidades do mesmo. Para tal fim, foram selecionados dois textos, levando-se em conta os gestos de produção e transmissão do texto teatral censurado, evidenciados no estudo do processo criativo (crítica genética) e das ações dos diferentes agentes sociais, escritores, atores, diretores, censores etc., envolvidos com a produção, circulação e recepção dos textos (crítica sociológica). No campo da filologia em diálogo com outros saberes, propõem-se edições e críticas em uma vertente editorial pragmática.

ABSTRACT Philology deals with the practices of text editing and criticism, seeking to bring artistic-literary productions and different possibilities for reading and interpretation (philological criticism) in a new reading circuit. Based on the documentary mass that makes up the collections of writers and playwrights from Bahia, relating to dramaturgical production under censorship during the military dictatorship (1964-1985), this article intends to highlight some memories read by the researcher in the documents that attest to the genesis of the text and/or the spectacle and its sociability networks. Therefore, two texts were selected, taking into account the gestures of production and transmission of the censored theatrical text which were evidenced in the study of the creative process (genetic criticism) and of the actions of different social agents, writers, actors, directors, censors etc. involved with the production, circulation and reception of texts (sociological criticism). In the field of philology in dialogue with other knowledge, editions and critiques are proposed in a pragmatic editorial aspect.

Resumo O presente estudo objetiva analisar a ocorrência do estupro conjugal no cenário brasileiro enquanto uma das formas de manifestação social e jurídica da colonialidade de gênero. Para tanto, avalia os preceitos de subordinação feminina perpetrados pela imposição colonial e as dinâmicas de poder no ambiente familiar, valendo-se de critério metodológico decolonial, fundado em pesquisa qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico-documental. Ao final, concluiu-se que as relações coloniais de dominação são estruturantes da ordem jurídica, uma vez que a própria normativa que disputa as noções sobre o estupro conjugal embasa-se na política de regramento dos corpos femininos e de administração da sexualidade da mulher, determinando quais são os sujeitos amparados pela tutela jurídica.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the occurrence of marital rape in the Brazilian scenario as one of the forms of social and legal manifestation of gender coloniality. In order to achieve this goal, it evaluates the precepts of female subordination perpetrated by the colonial imposition and the dynamics of power in the family environment, using decolonial methodological criteria, based on qualitative research and bibliographic-documental technique. In the end, it was concluded that the colonial relations of domination constitutes the legal order, since the rules that dispute the notions about marital rape are based on the policy of regulating female bodies and managing the sexuality of women, determining which subjects are supported by legal protection.

ABSTRACT The present article has been written from the critical research paradigm with the following objective: to reflect about the necessity of reconsidering current research paradigms due to the new reality imposed by COVID-19 pandemic. It includes the theoretical postulates about the usefulness of research paradigms, the dilemma of carrying out scientific research on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in such short periods of time, the theoretical and methodological contributions of critical epidemiology, and the implementation of some methodological assumptions of critical epidemiology in the current fight against COVID-19 in Cuba. Several points of view which the author endorses are also presented.

RESUMEN Elaborado desde el paradigma crítico de investigación, el presente artículo se trazó como objetivo: reflexionar acerca de la necesidad del replanteo de los paradigmas de investigación, ante las nuevas realidades que impone la pandemia de la COVID 19. Se abordaron los postulados teóricos acerca de la utilidad de los paradigmas de investigación, los dilemas que supone enfrentar investigaciones científicas sobre el SARS-CoV-2 y la COVID 19 en tan breve tiempo, los aportes teórico- metodológicos de la epidemiología crítica y la aplicación de algunos presupuestos metodológicos de la epidemiología crítica a la situación de Cuba en el enfrentamiento a la COVID 19. Se exponen además una diversidad de puntos de vistas con la toma de partido de la autora.

ABSTRACT The new coronavirus pandemic represents a global process that has shocked humanity during the year 2020, with multiple consequences for the present and the future of the planet. If one delves into the essentialities of the contemporary world, it can be affirmed that this health crisis is the culmination of multiple interconnected crises that the world has suffered since centuries of plundering by a predatory and inhuman capitalist system. Thorough from the qualitative methodology, this work aims to explain the contribution of critical epidemiology to the understanding of the multidimensional causes of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Critical epidemiology allows studies to be carried out that lead to outlining in health policies, the diversity of situations by territories, cultural environments, hint and social vulnerabilities, with a view to providing responses that are more adjusted to each reality.

RESUMEN La pandemia del nuevo coronavirus representa un proceso global que ha conmocionado a la humanidad durante el año 2020, con múltiples consecuencias para el presente y el futuro del planeta. Si se hurga en las esencialidades del mundo contemporáneo, se puede afirmar que esta crisis sanitaria es el colofón de múltiples crisis interconectadas que sufre el mundo desde siglos de expoliación de un sistema capitalista depredador e inhumano. Elaborado desde la metodología cualitativa, el presente trabajo pretende explicar la contribución de la epidemiología crítica a la comprensión de las causas multidimensionales de la actual pandemia de la COVID-19. La epidemiología crítica permite la realización de estudios que conlleven a delinear en las políticas de salud, la diversidad de situaciones por territorios, entornos culturales, matices y vulnerabilidades sociales, con vistas a dar respuestas más ajustadas a cada realidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The development of medical sciences in Cuba and in the world, with updated scientific and technological knowledge, requires the training of professionals with a humanistic vocation that allows them to complete the performance modes demanded in society. Objective: To review the proposal of an educational program for the humanistic training of the health technology student. Development: The theoretical systematization of the most updated studies on the categories of training and humanistic training was presented, with the explanation of the specific proposal of an educational program for the humanistic training of the health technology student, which includes elective courses, university outreach actions, and a varied pedagogical proposal for its implementation. Conclusions: The educational program for the humanistic training of the health technology student constitutes an open, dynamic and flexible pedagogical proposal that aims to help the student broaden her or his horizon so that she or he assumes her or his own axiological position within society. This implies a conscious and gratifying commitment to her or his culture, origin, and social and human mission. It also contributes to the creation of interdisciplinary links between the academic and axiological contents distributed in different subjects, and fosters collaborative ties between educators.

RESUMEN Introducción: El desarrollo de las ciencias médicas en Cuba y el mundo, con actualizados conocimientos científicos y tecnológicos, requiere de la formación de un profesional portador de una vocación humanista que le permita cumplimentar los modos de actuación que la sociedad demanda. Objetivo: Revisar la propuesta de programa educativo para la formación humanista del estudiante de tecnología de la salud. Desarrollo: Se presentó la sistematización teórica de los estudios más actualizados sobre las categorías formación y formación humanista, con la explicación de la propuesta específica de programa educativo para la formación humanista del estudiante de tecnología de la salud, que incluye cursos electivos, acciones de extensión universitaria y una variada propuesta pedagógica para su implementación. Conclusiones: El programa educativo para la formación humanista del estudiante de tecnología de la salud constituye una propuesta pedagógica abierta, dinámica y flexible, que busca ayudarlo a ampliar su horizonte personal para que asuma su propia postura axiológica ante la sociedad. Ello implica un compromiso consciente y gratificante con su cultura, origen, y misión social y humana. También contribuye con la creación de vínculos interdisciplinarios entre contenidos académicos y axiológicos dispersos en disímiles asignaturas, y fomenta los lazos colaborativos entre los educadores.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the relationship between the resistance of Lipaphis pseudobrassicae to the parasitoid Diaeretialla rapae and the effects of the insecticide acetamiprid on the aphid. Four groups of L. pseudobrassicae collected in Uberlândia, MG, were used. The first two were formed by individuals of the same clone (C1), which were resistant (C1R) or susceptible (C1S) to the parasitoid. The third group was formed by resistant individuals to the parasitoid descended from a clone collected in canola (C2R) and the fourth group, from a population collected in a commercial plantation of collard greens (P1). Determination of LD50 was done with three replications of 10 aphids, subjected to dose-response assays, with the application of five concentrations of the insecticide acetamiprid (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 ng a.i./aphid) and a control treatment consisting of acetone alone. There was no significant difference in the LD50 of individuals of the same clone, C1R and C1S (0.06 ng a.i./aphid for both clones). C2R had the highest LD50 (0.14 ng a.i./aphid), while P1 had the lowest (0.01 ng a.i./aphid). These results suggest that resistance against the parasitoid is not, therefore, associated with the effects of insecticide on L. pseudobrassicae.

ABSTRACT Selecting a career or trade is a crucial step in the life of young people and their families, for their future will greatly depend on the choice they make. Career guidance plays a vital role in high school and goes on into professional training. The purpose of the study was to assess the career guidance received by students starting Health Information Systems studies in the school year 2018-2019, and propose a system of actions to improve the counseling provided to young people. Diagnostic assessment of freshmen in terms of the information they had received about the specialty, the reasons for their choice, their motivations and their professional expectations, revealed that the guidance they had received was not satisfactory. The main motivations to choose Health Information Systems studies had to do with factors not in keeping with the essence of the specialty, and responded to circumstances essentially unrelated to the interests, needs and love for medical and health sciences.

RESUMEN La selección de una carrera u oficio constituye un momento trascendental en la vida de cualquier joven y su familia, pues de esto dependerá en buena medida su futuro. La orientación profesional ocupa un lugar vital en la enseñanza media y continúa en la propia formación profesional. Este trabajo se propuso valorar la orientación profesional recibida por los estudiantes que ingresaron a la carrera de Sistemas de Información en Salud en el curso 2018-2019 y proponer un sistema de acciones que permita mejorar la orientación profesional a los jóvenes. El diagnóstico aplicado a los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en cuanto a la información que habían recibido sobre la especialidad, el porqué de su selección, sus motivaciones y los deseos profesionales, permite afirmar que no poseían una buena orientación preprofesional. Las principales motivaciones para escoger la carrera de Sistemas de Información en Salud apuntaban a factores no acordes con la esencia de la especialidad y respondían a coyunturas no relacionadas en lo fundamental con los intereses, necesidades y amor por la profesión de las ciencias médicas y de la salud.

Resumo O presente artigo tem por objetivo problematizar o direito à liberdade de expressão como elemento concretizador do Estado Democrático de Direito, num contexto social de manifestações populares ocorridas no Brasil a partir de junho de 2013. Para tanto, a análise pretende apontar uma possível relação entre a ação específica de um dos grupos presentes nos episódios de ocupação das ruas – os Black Blocs – e a consequente reação legislativa proibindo o uso de máscaras em manifestações em espaços públicos.

Abstract This paper’s purpose is to discuss the civil right of freedom of expression as an element of implementation of Democratic Rule of Law, in a social context of popular demonstrations occurred in Brazil since June 2013. With that in mind, the analysis intends to present one possible relation between the action of one specific group taking part at episodes of street occupation – the Black Blocs – and the immediate legislative reaction prohibiting the use of masks during demonstrations in public areas.

Este artigo propõe analisar discursos da primeira modernidade sobre a fonte, natureza e finalidade das lágrimas. Em primeiro lugar, examina-se a noção de olhar para chegar à origem das paixões. Então, aborda-se as relações entre o chorar e a afetividade para, finalmente, discutir a relação das lágrimas e as palavras.

This article analyses early modern texts on the sources, nature and reason for tears. The notion of the gaze is first discussed in order to investigate the origin of the passions. Next, the relationships between weeping and affectivity is taken up, and then the relationships between tears and words.

Este artículo se propone analizar discursos de la primera modernidad sobre la fuente, naturaleza y finalidad de las lágrimas. En primer lugar, examina la noción de mirar para llegar al origen de las pasiones. Después, se abordan las relaciones entre llorar y la afectividad, para, finalmente, discutir la relación de las lágrimas y las palabras.

Cet article analyse une sélection de discours de la première modernité sur les larmes, leurs origines, leur nature et leur finalité. Nous analysons d'abord la notion du regard pour aboutir à l'origine des passions de l'âme et examinons ensuite les rapports entre l'acte de pleurer et l'affectivité, pour finalement discuter les rapports entre les larmes et les paroles.