RESUMO: No intuito de melhorar a qualidade nutricional e funcional, hambúrgueres de frango foram elaborados com diferentes quantidades de semente de chia (0, 2, 4 e 8%) em substituição ao toucinho e avaliados quanto às características microbiológicas, tecnológicas e sensoriais. A composição centesimal e as características microbiológicas dos hambúrgueres crus estavam de acordo com o preconizado pela legislação Brasileira. Maiores adições de chia aumentaram a quantidade de fibra dietética (até 1,46%) e de carboidrato nos produtos e reduziu os valores de gordura em até 29%. A adição de semente de chia reduziu os valores de a* e aumentou os valores de h* da cor dos hambúrgueres crus e reduziu a maciez e o grau de oxidação lipídica nos hambúrgueres cozidos. Menores notas sensoriais de sabor e a aceitação global foram conferidas aos produtos com maior adição de chia, embora o grau de aceitação dos produtos tenha sido elevado. Os resultados deste estudo destacam o potencial de uso da semente de chia na elaboração de hambúrgueres com baixo teor de gordura e enriquecidos de fibra dietética.

ABSTRACT: In order to improve nutritional and functional quality, chicken burgers were made with different amounts of chia seed (0, 2, 4 and 8%) as pork fat replacers and evaluated for the microbiological, technological and sensorial characteristics. The proximate composition and the microbiological characteristics of raw burgers were in accordance with Brazilian legislation. Higher additions of chia increased the amount of dietary fiber (up to 1.46%) and carbohydrate in the products and reduced the fat content by up to 29%. The addition of chia seed reduced the a* values and increased the h* values of the raw burgers and reduced the tenderness and degree of lipid oxidation in the cooked burgers. Lower sensory taste scores and overall acceptance were conferred on products with higher chia addition; although, the degree of acceptance of the products was high. Results of this study highlighted the potential use of chia seed in the elaboration of low fat and enriched dietary fiber burgers.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a eficácia do ozônio para a desinfecção microbiológica de grãos de milho. Utilizaram-se amostras de 2 kg de grãos de milho, com teor de água de 14,4% b.u., contendo 94% e 97% de infecção natural por Penicillium spp. e Aspergillus spp., respectivamente. Para determinação da concentração e do tempo de saturação dos grãos pelo ozônio, aplicou-se o gás na concentração de 2,14 mg L-1 ao fluxo de 5,8 L min-1 , à temperatura de 25 ºC ± 2°C. O experimento foi instalado segundo esquema de parcela subdividida, tendo, nas parcelas, dois tratamentos (ar atmosférico e gás ozônio), e, nas subparcelas, os tempos de exposição (0, 10, 20, 30 e 50 h), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Observou-se que a concentração e o tempo de saturação do ozônio na massa de grãos foram de 0,9874 mg L-1 e 138,56 min, respectivamente. O processo de ozonização foi eficaz no controle de fungos de armazenamento na massa de grãos, com 50 h de exposição ao gás, reduzindo o índice de ocorrência de Aspergillus spp. (78,5%) e Penicillium spp. (98,0%), confirmando, portanto, seu efeito fungicida, nas condições apresentadas.

Abstract This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of ozone in the microbiological disinfection of maize grains. Two kg samples of maize grains were used with moisture contents of 14.4% (w.b.), and 94% and 97% of natural infection by Penicillium spp and Aspergillus spp, respectively. The gas was applied at a concentration of 2.14 mg L-1 and flow rate of 5.8 L min-1 for 370 min at 25 ºC ± 2 ºC in order to determine the ozone concentration and saturation time of the maize grains. The experiment was installed according to a split plot design, with two treatments in the plots (atmospheric air and ozone gas) and exposure times of (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 h) in the subplots, in a completely randomized design. It was shown that the ozone concentration and saturation time in the grain mass were 0.9874 mg L-1 and 138.56 min, respectively. Ozonation was effective in controlling storage fungi in the grain mass with 50 h of exposure to the gas, reducing the rate of incidence of Aspergillus spp (78.5%) and Penicillium spp (98.0%), thereby confirming its fungicidal effect under the conditions presented.

The PSS genotypes of 596 F2 pigs produced by initial mating of Brazilian commercial sows and native boars were characterized by PCR-RFLP and the pork quality traits were evaluated. Among the 596 pigs studied, 493 (82.7%) were NN and 103 (17.3%) were Nn. There were no differences between NN and Nn pigs in the following pork qualities: pHu (5.71 ± 0.16 vs 5.70 ± 0.11), intramuscular fat (1.55 ± 0.64% vs 1.65 ± 0.67%), shear force (5552 ± 878 g/1.2 cm vs 5507 ± 826 g/1.2 cm), lightness (44.96 ± 2.05 vs 45.01 ± 1.92), redness (0.64 ± 0.60 vs 0.79 ± 0.55), yellowness (6.62 ± 0.56 vs 6.65 ± 0.48), hue (84.28 ± 5.53 vs 83.41 ± 4.85), or chroma (6.68 ± 0.52 vs 6.73 ± 0.52). However, pork from Nn pigs had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower pH45 (6.41 ± 0.27 vs 6.51 ± 0.26) and greater drip (3.92 ± 1.90% vs 3.06 ± 1.60%), cooking (33.29 ± 2.26% vs 32.50 ± 2.54%) and total (35.67 ± 2.48% vs 34.01 ± 2.58%) loss compared to that of NN pigs. These results indicate that, even in divergent crosses, PSS gene carriers produce pork of poorer quality.