Abstract Background: Loxoscelism refers to a set of clinical manifestations caused by the bite of spiders from the Loxosceles genus. The classic clinical symptoms are characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction at the bite site followed by local necrosis and can be classified as cutaneous loxoscelism. This cutaneous form presents difficult healing, and the proposed treatments are not specific or effective. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of mesenchymal stromal cells-derived secretome on dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles intermedia spider venom in rabbits. Methods: Sixteen rabbits were distributed into four groups (n = 4). Except for group 1 (G1), which received only PBS, the other three groups (G2, G3, and G4) were initially challenged with 10 μg of L. intermedia venom, diluted in 100 μL of NaCl 0.9%, by intradermic injection in the interscapular region. Thirty minutes after the challenge all groups were treated with secretome, except for group 2. Group 1 (G1-control group) received intradermal injection (ID) of 60 μg of secretome in 0.15 M PBS; Group 2 (G2) received 0.9% NaCl via ID; Group 3 (G3) received 60 μg of secretome, via ID and Group 4 (G4), received 60 μg of secretome by intravenous route. Rabbits were evaluated daily and after 15 days were euthanized, necropsied and skin samples around the necrotic lesions were collected for histological analysis. Results: Rabbits of G1 did not present edema, erythema, hemorrhagic halo, or necrosis. In animals from G2, G3, and G4, edema appeared after 6h. However, minor edema was observed in the animals of G2 and G3. Hemorrhagic halo was observed in animals, six hours and three days after, on G2, G3, and G4. Macroscopically, in G4, only one animal out of four had a lesion that evolved into a dermonecrotic wound. No changes were observed in the skin of the animals of G1, by microscopic evaluation. All animals challenged with L. intermedia venom showed similar alterations, such as necrosis and heterophilic infiltration. However, animals from G4 showed fibroblast activation, early development of connective tissue, neovascularization, and tissue re-epithelialization, indicating a more prominent healing process. Conclusion: These results suggest that secretome from mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in a xeno-free and human component-free culture media can be promising to treat dermonecrosis caused after Loxosceles spiders bite envenoming. Background genus loxoscelism effective cellsderived derived Methods n 4. . 4) G , (G1) PBS (G2 G3 L 09 0 9 region G1control Gcontrol control (ID 6 015 0.1 0.9 (G3 (G4) route euthanized analysis Results erythema 6h h However Macroscopically wound evaluation alterations infiltration activation neovascularization reepithelialization, reepithelialization re epithelialization, epithelialization re-epithelialization process Conclusion xenofree xeno free componentfree component envenoming (G1 (G 01 0. (G4

RESUMEN Se tratará de considerar si la justicia transicional es el mecanismo más eficaz para aplicar legalmente en el fin del conflicto armado interno entre el Estado colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Colombianas -FARC-. En ese sentido, se estudiaron varias concepciones de justicia a lo largo de la historia y cómo unas de ellas sirvieron como referente para algunos casos bélicos que fueron resueltos por tribunales internacionales. Se analizará cómo debe entenderse la justicia transicional por los interesados en la superación de un conflicto y permitir con ello el tránsito a una mejor convivencia en Colombia. Lo anterior llevó a estudiar si este término es un concepto sui géneris y autónomo de justicia, una idea de justicia que se enmarca dentro de otro concepto de lo justo o, por último, si la justicia de transición es un concepto sincrético, donde convergen varias ideas de justicia. El resultado es que la justicia transicional, en el caso colombiano, es sinónimo de alternativa evolutiva transitoria para solucionar un problema en concreto, es decir, la justicia transicional colombiana no es un mecanismo jurídico permanente, es un instrumento innovador transitorio que ayuda a evolucionar la aplicación del derecho en el sentido que sirve solo para resolver un problema como el conflicto interno armado que se vivió por más de 50 años entre el Estado y las FARC. Se concluye que la justicia transicional está compuesta por variedad de ideas de justicia que se complementan para hacer frente a una realidad social y proporcionan un horizonte teórico para lograr un tránsito social hacia la reconciliación.

ABSTRACT If transitional justice is the most effective mechanism to legally apply to the end of the internal armed conflict between the Colombian State and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) will be considered, having as a reference several conceptions of justice studied throughout history and how some of them served as references for some war cases resolved by international tribunals. How transitional justice should be understood by those interested in overcoming a conflict and thus allow the transition to a better coexistence in Colombia will be analyzed. This led us to study whether this term is a sui generis and autonomous concept of justice, an idea of justice that is framed within another concept of the fair or, finally, whether transitional justice is a syncretic concept, where various ideas of justice converge. In Colombia, transitional justice is a synonym of a transitional evolutionary alternative to solve a specific problem. Colombian transitional justice is not a permanent legal mechanism, it is an innovative transitional instrument helping to evolve the application of law to solve a problem: the internal armed conflict experience for more than 50 years. It concludes that transitional justice is composed by several ideas of justice complementing each other dealing with social reality and providing a theoretical horizon for achieving a social transition to reconciliation.

RESUMO Este texto trata de considerar se a justiça de transição é o mecanismo mais eficaz para aplicar legalmente no fim do conflito armado interno entre o Estado colombiano e as Forças Armadas Revolucionárias Colombianas (Farc). Nesse sentido, foram estudados conceitos de justiça ao longo da história e como uma delas serviu de referente para alguns casos bélicos que foram resolvidos por tribunais internacionais. Analisa-se como a justiça de transição deve ser entendida pelos interessados na superação de um conflito e, com isso, permitir-se a transição a uma melhor convivência na Colômbia. O anterior levou a estudar se esse termo é um conceito sui géneris e autônomo de justiça, uma ideia de justiça que está delimitada em outro conceito do justo ou, por último, se a justiça de transição é um conceito sincrético, em que convergem várias ideias de justiça. O resultado demonstrou que a justiça de transição, no caso colombiano, é sinônimo de alternativa evolutiva transitória para solucionar um problema em concreto, isto é, a justiça de transição colombiana não é um mecanismo jurídico permanente, é um instrumento inovador transitório que ajuda a evoluir a aplicação do direito no sentido que serve somente para resolver um problema como o conflito interno armado, que se viveu por mais de 50 anos entre o Estado e as Farc. Conclui-se que a justiça de transição está composta por ideias que se complementam para enfrentar uma realidade social e proporcionam um horizonte teórico para atingir uma transição social rumo à reconciliação.

RESUMEN El presente texto se propone constatar la influencia del pensa miento de Emmanuel Mounier en la Constitución colombiana de 1991 y en el contexto que propició esa reforma constitucional. La metodología consistió en utilizar textos del autor y textos históri cos que referencian el contexto vivido, en su momento, por Mou nier y por Colombia en la última década antes de la Constitución de 1991. Se logró establecer que había puntos en común entre el período de 1932 a 1945 vivido por el filósofo francés y el período 1983 a 1991 vivido en Colombia. El pensamiento realista de Mou nier, enfocado en la acción de la persona humana libre de cualquier idealismo o nihilismo, coincide con acciones reales de la población colombiana que hicieron cambiar los formalismos jurídicos para que se construyera un nuevo orden que, precisamente, acabara con los idealismos y nihilismos políticos y sociales del momen to. Para el pensador francés, y ello se constata en la Constitución colombiana de 1991, era necesario restablecer la jerarquía moral de las necesidades de los Estados para lo cual se debían reformar las estructuras existentes, y para ello proponían una comunidad fundada en el respeto a la dignidad humana.

ABSTRACT The present text intends to verify the influence of the thought of Emmanuel Mounier in the Colombian Constitution of 1991 and in the context that propitiated this constitutional reform. The methodology consisted in using texts of the author and historical texts that refer to the context lived in the time by Mounier and the country of Colombia in the last decade before the Constitution of 1991. It was established that there were points in common between the periods of 1932 To 1945 lived by the French philosopher, and the one from 1983 to 1991 lived in Colombia. The Realism thought of Mounier, focused on the action of the human person that is free from any Idealism or Nihilism, coincides with the real actions of the Colombian population that change the Legal Formalisms, to build a new order that would end with the Idealism and Nihilism proper of that moment. For the French thinker, and this can be seen in the 1991 Colombian Constitution, it was necessary to re-establish the moral hierarchy of the needs of States, for which the existing structures had to be reformed, and, for this purpose, he proposed a community based on respect for Human dignity.