ABSTRACT Introduction: Gastric tonometry is a useful tool for examining regional splanchnic perfusion as it provides an indirect assessment of the state of the liver graft. This is because splanchnic hypoperfusion is a critical parameter in the context of liver transplantation, being associated with the development of problems such as acute liver failure and multiple organ failure. Objective: To analyze the effects of gastrointestinal tonometry in the perioperative period of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methodology This is an Integrative Review using the PubMed and VHL databases. The following descriptors were used: “Tonometry”, “Splanchnic circulation” and “Liver transplantation” with the Boolean operator “AND”, and articles of relevance to the topic were selected. Initially, 24 articles were selected, all published in the last 20 years, in Portuguese and/or English. After analysis, 6 articles matched the proposed objective. Results: It was observed that the difference between PraCO2 at the end of surgery and in the anepathic phase was greater in patients without liver graft dysfunction. A positive correlation was found between ΔpraCO2 and peak ALT after liver transplantation. In another study, it was found that the relationship between poor graft function was the presence of elevated liver enzymes, worsening synthetic liver function, coagulopathy and encephalopathy. It has also been shown that intramucosal gastric pH can predict early graft function. In a group with liver dysfunction, patients had an intramucosal gastric pH of less than 7.3 in the perioperative period, which remained low until the 24th hour postoperatively, while the group without dysfunction had an intramucosal gastric pH of more than 7.3, except in the anepathic phase when it was below this value. Conclusion: The usefulness of gastrointestinal tonometry to monitor splanchnic circulation and liver graft function during liver transplantation has been described and although support for this statement was found in some studies, this review had limitations due to the small number of articles available, which prevents it from covering a wide range of scientific evidence. Introduction Objective databases used Tonometry, Tonometry , “Tonometry” Splanchnic Liver AND, AND “AND” selected Initially 2 years andor or English analysis objective Results PraCO ΔpraCO study enzymes encephalopathy 73 7 3 7. th postoperatively value Conclusion studies available evidence “Tonometry “AND

RESUMO Introdução: A tonometria gástrica é uma ferramenta útil para examinar a perfusão esplâncnica regional por permitir o fornecimento de uma avaliação indireta do estado do enxerto hepático. Isso ocorre devido à hipoperfusão esplâncnica ser um parâmetro crítico no contexto do transplante de fígado, estando associada ao desenvolvimento de problemas como insuficiência hepática aguda e falência de múltiplos órgãos. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da tonometria gastrointestinal no perioperatório dos pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS. Foram utilizados os descritores: “Tonometry”, “Splanchnic circulation” e “Liver transplantation”, incluindo o operador booleano “AND”, e selecionados artigos de relevância para o tema. Foram selecionados inicialmente 24 artigos, todos publicados nos últimos 20 anos, em português e/ou inglês. Após análise, seis artigos corresponderam ao objetivo proposto. Resultado: Observou-se que a diferença entre a PraCO2 no final da cirurgia e na fase anepática foi maior em pacientes sem disfunção do enxerto hepático. Foi identificada uma correlação positiva entre ΔpraCO2 e o pico de ALT após o transplante de fígado. Em outro estudo, verificou-se que a presença de enzimas hepáticas elevadas e a piora da função hepática sintética, coagulopatia e encefalopatia estava relacionada à má função do enxerto. Também foi comprovado que o pH gástrico intramucoso pode predizer a funcionalidade precoce do enxerto. Em um grupo com disfunção hepática, os pacientes apresentaram pH gástrico intramucoso abaixo de 7,3 no período perioperatório, mantendo-se baixo até a 24ª hora pós-operatória, enquanto o grupo sem disfunção apresentou pH gástrico intramucoso acima de 7,3, exceto na fase anepática, quando ficou abaixo desse valor. Conclusão: Descreve-se a utilidade da tonometria gastrointestinal para monitorar a circulação esplâncnica e a função do enxerto hepático durante o transplante hepático. Embora alguns estudos ofereçam suporte a essa afirmação, esta revisão apresenta limitações devido à quantidade restrita de artigos disponíveis, o que a impede de abranger uma ampla gama de evidências científicas. Introdução fígado órgãos Objetivo Metodologia Tratase Trata se BVS descritores Tonometry, Tonometry , “Tonometry” Splanchnic circulation Liver transplantation, transplantation transplantation” AND, AND “AND” tema 2 anos eou ou inglês análise proposto Resultado Observouse Observou PraCO ΔpraCO estudo verificouse verificou sintética 73 7 3 7, mantendose mantendo ª pósoperatória, pósoperatória pós operatória, operatória pós-operatória valor Conclusão Descrevese Descreve afirmação disponíveis científicas “Tonometry “AND

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to analyze the principal components of the meteorological variables, physiological and behavioral response of cows subjected to different cooling times and their influence on milk quality, in the dry and rainfall periods, and to establish multiple regression models for milk quality. The data used in the study came from an experiment conducted in the Agreste Region of Pernambuco. The pre-milking cooling time was 10, 20, 30 min. and the control (without cooling). Sixteen multiparous lactating Gir cows were selected. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis and a multiple regression analysis was applied to determine milk quality. There was a strong relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and activity of the animal in the shade for dry, and lying for rainfall, with increased SCC in cow milk. It was possible to establish two multiple regression models to determine milk quality in dry and rainfall periods. According to the principal component analysis, the cooling time to meet the thermal requirement of the animals was 20 min., regardless of the season and milking shift.

ABSTRACT Hydro-sedimentological models might be useful tools for investigating the effectiveness of soil and water conservation practices. However, evaluating the usefulness of such models requires that predictions are tested against observational data and that uncertainty from model parameterization is addressed. Here we aimed to evaluate the capacity of the SWAT model to simulate monthly streamflow and sediment load in the Posses creek catchment (12 km2), Southeast Brazil. The SUFI-2 algorithm from SWAT-CUP was applied for calibration, testing, uncertainty, and sensitivity analysis. The model was calibrated and initially tested using discharge and sediment load data, which were measured at the catchment outlet. Additionally, we used soil loss measurements from erosion plots within the catchment as independent data for model evaluation. Average monthly streamflow simulations obtained satisfactory results, with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) values of 0.75 and 0.51 for the calibration and testing periods, respectively. Sediment load simulations also displayed satisfactory results for calibration (NSE = 0.65) and testing (NSE = 0.52). However, the comparison with independent plot data revealed that SWAT severely overestimated hillslope erosion rates and compensated it with high sediment channel deposition. Moreover, the model was not sensitive to the parameters used for calculating hillslope sediment yields. Therefore, it should be used with caution for evaluating the interactions between land use, soil erosion, and sediment delivery. We found that the commonly used outlet-based approach for model calibration and testing can lead to internal misrepresentations, and models can reproduce the right answer for the wrong reasons.

RESUMO A compactação do solo e a degradação das pastagens muitas vezes são provenientes da pressão exercida pelo casco dos animais. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se verificar possíveis modificações no solo e mudanças na cobertura vegetal da pastagem devido ao pisoteio animal. Assim, um estudo foi realizado em uma fazenda na região do Agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil. Em uma área de 40 × 40 m manejada sob pastejo contínuo, com uma taxa de lotação de 12 UA ha-1; as amostras de solo foram coletadas antes e após o período de pastejo, com 36 pontos distribuídos regularmente. Em cada ponto, determinou-se a densidade, porosidade total, umidade e resistência à penetração do solo na profundidade de 0-0,10 m, bem como a condutividade hidráulica e a matéria orgânica na superfície do solo. Antes e após o pastejo, imagens do satélite Sentinel-2A também foram obtidas para observar o padrão de resposta da vegetação da pastagem ao longo do tempo por meio do Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI) e Cobertura Vegetal de Pastagem (CVP). Os atributos físico-hídricos do solo foram submetidos a análise fatorial. Os mapas de NDVI e CVP foram avaliados quanto à variabilidade espacial. Após o período de pastejo, houve alteração nos atributos do solo em estudo devido ao pisoteio dos animais. O sensoriamento remoto (NDVI e CVP) destacou padrões de variação, como a redução da pastagem e possíveis áreas de preferencias dos animais.

ABSTRACT Soil compaction and pasture degradation are often due to the pressure exerted by the animals’ hooves. In this sense, this study aimed to verify possible changes in the soil and changes in the pasture vegetation coverage due to animal trampling. Thus, a study was carried out on a farm in the ‘Agreste’ region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Soil samples were collected before and after the grazing period, with 36 points regularly distributed in an area of 40 × 40 m managed under continuous grazing, with a stocking rate of 12 AU ha-1. At each point, density, total porosity, humidity, and penetration resistance of the soil at a depth of 0-0.10 m, as well as hydraulic conductivity and organic matter in the soil surface, were determined. Before and after grazing, images from the Sentinel-2A satellite were also obtained to observe the response pattern of pasture vegetation over time using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Pasture Vegetation Coverage (PVC). The physical-hydric attributes of the soil were subjected to factor analysis. NDVI and PVC maps were evaluated for spatial variability. After the grazing period, there was a change in the attributes of the soil under study due to the animal trampling. Remote sensing (NDVI and PVC) highlighted patterns of variation, such as the reduction of pasture and possible areas of preference for the animals.

Resumen La región semiárida brasileña se caracteriza por la escasez de agua, lo que provoca la pérdida de hojas de la vegetación nativa para reducir la transpiración. Con la reducción del área foliar de Caatinga el suelo está más expuesto, convertirme en un gran aliado para la degradación ambiental. El objetivo fue vigilar y analizar la dinámica espacio-temporal de la vegetación de Caatinga mediante la teledetección orbital en región semiárida de Pernambuco, Brasil, en la estación de lluvias en la estación seca. Estudio se desarrolló mediante imágenes del satélite Landsat-8, entre los años 2013-2018, y mediante el algoritmo SEBAL se determinaron mapas temáticos de los parámetros biofísicos: albedo y temperatura superficial, índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI), índice de vegetación ajustado al suelo (SAVI) e índice de área foliar (LAI). Los resultados muestran que en la estación seca hay una aptitud más notable para que se produzca la degradación ambiental.

Abstract The Brazilian semiarid region is marked by water scarcity, which causes the loss of leaves from native vegetation to reduce transpiration. With the reduction of the Caatinga leaf area, the soil becomes more exposed, which makes it a great ally for environmental degradation. This study aimed to monitor and analyze the spatial-temporal dynamics of the Caatinga vegetation by orbital remote sensing in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, in the rainy and dry season. The study was developed from Landsat-8 satellite images between the years 2013-2018. From the SEBAL algorithm, thematic maps of the biophysical parameters were determined: albedo and surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and leaf area index (LAI). The results show that in the dry season, there is a greater aptitude for environmental degradation to occur.

The present research has the objective of analysing the influence of the ceramic coatings simulating the external side, and in gypsum, with different thicknesses, simulating the internal side of a masonry prototype of block seal of solid waterproof gypsum, seeking to improve the thermal performance mainly in the block joints of the block. For this, two specific test methods were used: the thermal chamber and the infrared thermography. We sought to analyse the temperature differences between the internal and external surfaces, by means of thermocouples connected in the middle of the prototype and the mapping of the temperature profile on the surface of the coating. It was verified that the addition of gypsum coatings plus ceramic improves the thermal performance of the sealing system. Noting that the thickness variation of gypsum mortar provides a gain in thermal resistance, reduction in thermal transmittance and gain in thermal capacity.

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia del revestimiento cerámico, simulando el lado externo, y yeso con diferentes espesores, simulando el lado interior de un prototipo de mampostería de bloque de yeso hidrófugo macizo, buscando mejorar el desempeño térmico principalmente en las juntas de asentamiento del bloque. Para ello, se utilizaron dos métodos de ensayos específicos: la cámara térmica y la termografía infrarroja. Se analizó las diferencias de temperatura entre la cara interna y externa por medio de termopares conectados en medio del prototipo y el mapeo del perfil de temperatura en la superficie del revestimiento. Se encontró que la adición de revestimiento de yeso más el cerámico mejora el desempeño térmico del sistema de mampostería, observando que la variación del espesor del mortero de yeso proporciona una ganancia en la resistencia térmica, una reducción en la transmitancia térmica y un aumento en la capacidad térmica.

Resumen El objetivo fue verificar las posibles modificaciones de la estructura del suelo y el patrón de la respuesta espectral de la cubierta vegetal de los pastizales en función del pisoteo de los animales. El estudio se llevó a cabo en una granja en la región Agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil. En un área manejada bajo pastoreo continuo de vaquillas. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo en 36 puntos regulares, antes y después del período de pastoreo, donde se determinaron las propiedades físicas del suelo en la profundidad de 0.00-0.10 m. Antes y después del pastoreo, también se obtuvieron imágenes del satélite Sentinel-2A para observar el patrón de respuesta de la vegetación del pasto a lo largo del tiempo a través de los Índices de Vegetación. Los datos de los atributos del suelo se sometieron a análisis factorial multivariado. Los mapas del índice de vegetación se evaluaron para determinar la variabilidad espacial. Los resultados mostraron que después del pastoreo, hubo un cambio significativo en los atributos del suelo y el pasto, que puede indicar posibles procesos de degradación.

Abstract The objective was to verify possible modifications of the soil structure and the pattern of the spectral response of pasture vegetation cover to animal trampling. The study was carried out on a farm in the Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil in an area with continuous grazing by heifers. Soil samples were collected at 36 regular points, before and after the grazing period, where the physical properties of the soil were determined at a 0.00-0.10 m depth. Before and after grazing, images of the Sentinel-2A satellite were also obtained to observe the pasture vegetation response pattern over time through Vegetation Indexes. The soil attribute data were submitted to multivariate factorial analysis. The vegetation index maps were evaluated for spatial variability. The results showed that after the grazing, there was a significant change in soil attributes and pasture, which can indicate possible degradation processes.

ABSTRACT Sugarcane has a great economic interest in Brazil, so it needs technologies to increase its yield strength, especially for seedling production. This study aimed to ascertain the influence of shading nets on early growth and development of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings. An experiment was conducted in a protected environment, in the Rural Federal University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), in Recife-PE, Brazil. The protected environments were covered with anti-UV low-density polyethylene plastic plus: Solpack® red ultranet net, Solpack® white net, Solpack® freshnet net, and without shade net, and five replications each. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was used to verify associations among cultivation modules, micrometeorological factors, and seedling growth parameters. Anti-UV low-density polyethylene + shade net improved seedling growth and development up to 27 days after planting. Higher substrate temperatures benefited early growth of seedlings. After 27 days of planting, sugarcane seedlings required higher air temperatures, as well as increased global and photosynthetically active solar radiation.

ABSTRACT Through the lack or non-use of conservationist criteria for adequate land use and management, the scarcity of natural resources becomes ever more evident. This study aimed to analyze the origin of the sediments in the Posses catchment, municipality of Extrema, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, throughout the fingerprinting technique and portable X-ray fluorescence. Samples from soils under agriculture, pasture, and roads; and from the subsoil of theses land uses were taken in a widespread and representative manner from the entire Posses catchment. Lag deposits and river bed sediment samples were collected downstream from the catchment outlet. A total of 45 geochemical elements were analyzed in the samples by a portable X-ray fluorescence device (pXRF). The outlier test, Kruskal-Wallis test, multivariate discriminant analysis, and a mixing model were used to estimate the contribution of each source in relation to the sediments that arrive at the mouth of the catchment. The elements selected as geochemical tracers were Sr, Al2O3, Ba, Rb, Ti, Fe, and Zn, which combined correctly discriminated 81 % of the sediment sources. The largest and smallest proportion of sediment from the Posses catchment outlet comes from rural roads and agriculture, respectively. The contribution of the subsoil was higher for lag deposits or lower for river bed sediments, than the pasture. There was a low degree of uncertainty (<8 %) for predictions made by the model employed. The types of use, selected as potential sediment sources in the Posses catchment, are adequately discriminated through the geochemical tracers quantified through the pXRF. The fingerprinting technique estimates that the contributions to outlet sediments are dominated by rural roads, following by subsoil or pasture (depending on the type of sediment evaluated) and by agriculture. The sediment sampling strategies used in this study provided similar results for the period studied. Our results showed the potential of the fingerprinting technique and the pXRF for use as tools by the program of Payment for Environmental Services in the monitoring of catchment areas.

A análise conjunta do posicionamento e da atividade de bovinos a pasto, associada aos atributos do solo, torna-se importante na tomada de decisões e manejo da forragem. Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se o protótipo de um dispositivo eletrônico de sensoriamento baseado no sistema de posicionamento global (GPS) com o objetivo de monitorar o posicionamento de bovinos de leite a pasto e associar as áreas de preferência dos animais a possíveis alterações da resistência à penetração e ao acúmulo de matéria orgânica no solo sob pastoreio. O estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Roçadinho, região Agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil, em uma área de 40 x 40 m, manejada em sistema de pastoreio contínuo. Os sensores de posicionamento GPS foram fixados por colares no pescoço dos animais e programados para registrar a localização dos animais durante o período de pastoreio. O erro médio observado foi de 0,65 m. Antes e após o pastoreio coletaram-se 36 amostras deformadas na camada superficial do solo para determinação da matéria orgânica (0,00 a 0,05 m) e da resistência à penetração (0,00 a 0,10 m). O dispositivo eletrônico desenvolvido apresentou precisão e autonomia adequada para o monitoramento de bovinos, o que permitiu determinar locais de preferências de pastoreio. Verificou-se que após o pastoreio, houve um acréscimo de 6,5% na matéria orgânica e 79,4% na resistência a penetração do solo nos locais de maior exploração do pasto.

The joint analysis about cattle positioning and activity in pasture associated to soil attributes, become important for making decisions and forage management. In this work, the prototype of an electronic sensing device based on global positioning system (GPS) was developed with the objective of monitoring dairy cattle position in pasture and associating animal preference areas to possible changes for soil penetration resistance and organic matter accumulation. Our study was performed at Roçadinho Farm, Agreste region of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 40 x 40 m area, managed under continuous stocking method. The GPS positioning sensors were fixed by collars on the animal neck and programmed to record the animal location during grazing. The mean error observed was 0.65 m. Before and after grazing, 36 deformed samples were collected in the soil surface layer for determination of organic matter (from 0.00 to 0.05 m) and penetration resistance (from 0.00 to 0.10 m). The developed electronic device had adequate accuracy and autonomy for cattle monitoring, which allowed to determine preference sites of grazing. After grazing, there was increase of 6.5% for organic matter and 79.4% for soil penetration resistance in the sites of greater pasture exploitation.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito térmico na mudança comportamental e fisiológica de novilhas girolando, por meio da análise de componentes principais. A pesquisa foi conduzida na região Agreste do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram utilizadas três novilhas submetidas ao sistema de pastejo contínuo. Para determinação do efeito térmico sobre os animais, foram registradas as variáveis temperatura de bulbo seco e umidade relativa do ar, o que permitiu determinar o índice de temperatura e umidade e a entalpia específica. As variáveis fisiológicas monitoradas foram a frequência respiratória, temperatura retal e temperatura de pelame. Os indicadores comportamentais quantificados foram andando, bebendo, comendo, ruminando e ócio, para determinação da porcentagem de tempo despendido em cada comportamento. As variáveis do estudo foram submetidas a análise exploratória e descritiva, para inferência do grau de associação dos componentes principais. A análise multivariada permitiu estabelecer o grau de pertinência entre os sinais fisiológicos e padrões comportamentais associado ao ambiente térmico, que indicaram adaptação das novilhas ao pastejo contínuo, mesmo em condições meteorológicas críticas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal effect on the behavioral and physiological changes of Girolando heifers by means of principal components analysis. The research was conducted in the Agreste region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Three heifers submitted to the continuous grazing system were used. For the determination of the thermal effect on the animals, the variables dry bulb temperature and relative air humidity were recorded, which allowed to determine the temperature and humidity index and the specific enthalpy. The physiological variables monitored were the respiratory rate, rectal temperature and skin temperature. The quantified behavioral indicators were walking, drinking, eating, ruminating and leisure, to determine the percentage of time spent in each behavior. The variables of the study were submitted to exploratory and descriptive analysis, in order to infer the degree of association of the main components. The multivariate analysis allowed to establish the degree of pertinence between the physiological signs and behavioral patterns associated with the thermal environment, which indicated heifers adaptation to continuous grazing, even in critical meteorological conditions.

ABSTRACT The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques can contribute to increase the accessibility, accuracy, and resolution of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used for soil erosion monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the use of four DEMs obtained over a year to monitor erosion processes in an erosion-degraded area, with occurrence of rill and gully erosions, and its correlation with accumulated rainfall during the studied period. The DEMs of Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) of horizontal and vertical resolutions of 0.10 and 0.06 m were obtained. It was possible to detect events of erosion and deposition volumes of the order of 2 m3, with a volumetric error of ∼50 %, in rills and gullies in the initial stage denominated R and GS-I, respectively. Events of the order of 100 m3, with a volumetric error around 14 % were found for advanced gullies, a segment denominated GS-II. In the three studied erosion situations, the deposition volume increased with the accumulated rainfall. The segments R and GS-I presented an inverse relationship between erosion volume and accumulated rainfall during the studied period. This behaviour can be explained by the dynamics of the deposition and erosion volumes during the erosion process. In the GS-II segment, erosion and deposition volumes were proportional and a direct relation with the cumulative rainfall over the studied period and a low percentage of volumetric error were found.

ABSTRACT. Soils under pastures suffer physical modifications, in greater or lesser intensity, via the action of animal trampling. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the spatial dependence of soil physical attributes under bovine trampling. The trial was performed at Roçadinho Farm, Agreste of Pernambuco, Brazil, in a 40 x 40 m paddock that was managed with continuous stocking by bovines and 12 AU ha-1 stocking rate. Soil samples were collected before and after grazing using a 6 x 6 m grid, totaling 36 sampling points. At each point, the bulk density, total porosity, moisture, soil penetration resistance at 0.00 - 0.10, 0.10 - 0.20, and 0.20 - 0.30 m depth were estimated, as was the hydraulic conductivity on the saturated soil surface. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics supported the data analysis. A normal distribution was verified for all variables, which were scored as either low or high variability in terms of the variation coefficient. The physical attributes (density, total porosity, moisture, soil penetration resistance and hydraulic conductivity) of the soil sampled presented a strong spatial dependence before and after grazing.

Five new withanolides, designated as 15-oxo-nicaphysalin B, 6β,7α-dihydroxynicandrenone 10, 24α,25β-dihydroxy-nicandrenone-2 and a mixture of the epimers 17-(1α/1β-methylpropanone)-nicandrenone, in addition to six known others, were isolated from the leaf acetone extract from Nicandra physalodes. The complete structures of the five new withanolides, particularly their relative stereochemistries, were established by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). The main isolated withanolides were evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and larvicidal properties, but, except nicandrenone, which showed marginal larvicidal activity, none of them was active.

ABSTRACT Several soil conservation practices are used to reduce water erosion and ensure sustainable agriculture. An effective crop management practice is intercropping, in which two or more crops with different architectures and vegetative cycles are grown simultaneously in the same area. We hypothesized that intercropping of corn and jack-bean increases soil cover and reduce soil erosion by water in comparison to monocropping. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different crop systems on soil cover and on soil erosion by water. Soil and water losses from a Typic Hapludox were measured under the following systems: corn cultivation (CO), jack-bean cultivation (JB), intercropping of corn and jack-bean (IC), and bare soil (BS), as a reference for maximum erosion rates. For each crop system, erosion plots with dimensions of 12 × 4 m were set up in the field on a 0.12 m m−1 slope gradient. The experiment was carried out under natural rainfall, over three crop seasons (November to March) from 2011 to 2014. The soil cover index of the systems was monitored during crop growth, and rainfall erosivity for the crop seasons was calculated according to the EI30 index to interpret soil and water losses. A set of linear mixed models was fitted to relate soil losses to rainfall erosivity, crop systems, and soil cover. The average rainfall erosivity in the study area was 6,132 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 per crop season. The results indicate that water losses are directly related to erosivity and are less influenced by soil cover and cultivation systems than the soil losses. A linear maximum value of the soil cover index was achieved 70 days after sowing. Intercropping exhibited greater soil cover than single crops. Total soil losses from the three seasons display the trend: BS > CO > JB > IC. The best fitted model of the linear mixed models indicates that soil loss responses are strongly correlated with rainfall erosivity and soil cover, which nullified the influence of the crop systems in the model.