ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory biomarkers in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and investigate their association with all-cause mortality or transfer to hemodialysis. Methods This prospective cohort study included 43 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Plasma levels of cytokines were measured using flow cytometry and capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biomarkers were categorized based on their respective median values. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, considering two outcomes: all-cause mortality and transfer to hemodialysis. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, plasma levels above the median of the levels of CCL2 and plasma, as well as below the median of TNF-α, and the median of dialysate IL-17 levels, were associated with an increased risk of experiencing the specified outcomes after approximately 16 months of follow-up. Conclusion These findings suggest that inflammatory biomarkers may be a valuable tool for predicting all-cause mortality and transfer to hemodialysis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. allcause all cause 4 enzymelinked enzyme linked assay values KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier estimator factors CCL TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IL17 IL 17 IL-1 1 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up IL1 IL-