Resumo Este artigo problematiza a reparação do dano como condição do acordo de não persecução penal (ANPP) em crimes contra a ordem tributária. Aborda-se a aplicabilidade dessa condição no âmbito de crimes em que a reparação integral do dano (pagamento do tributo) já tem o efeito de extinção da punibilidade. Assim, a pesquisa pretende responder aos seguintes questionamentos: (i) O ANPP é cabível nos crimes tributários? (ii) a reparação do dano, enquanto condição do ANPP, deve compreender o valor integral do tributo devido, incluindo os acessórios (juros, multa)? (iii) a reparação integral ou parcial do dano é condição imprescindível à celebração do ANPP? Considera-se a expectativa de vantagem ao imputado, propiciada pelo acordo enquanto instrumento de justiça negociada, como condição de seu próprio sentido e efetividade. Por outro lado, considera-se a expectativa de proteção ao bem jurídico, à luz da suficiência do acordo como instrumento de prevenção e repressão do crime fiscal. Delimitam-se, como hipóteses, vias possíveis de compatibilização dessas expectativas, mediante soluções como a compreensão restrita do vetor reparação do dano e a viabilidade da reparação parcial. A pesquisa é qualitativa, exploratória e propositiva, partindo da análise da legislação e da bibliografia especializadas. (ANPP tributária Abordase Aborda se pagamento punibilidade Assim questionamentos i (i tributários ii (ii devido juros, juros (juros multa multa) iii (iii Considerase Considera imputado negociada efetividade lado considerase considera jurídico fiscal Delimitamse, Delimitamse Delimitam se, Delimitam-se hipóteses expectativas qualitativa propositiva especializadas

Abstract This article problematizes the reparation of damage as a condition of the non-prosecution agreement (NPA) in crimes against Brazilian tax system. The applicability of this condition is addressed in crimes where the full reparation of the damage (payment of the tax) already has the effect of extinguishing criminal liability. This research is intended to answer the following problems: (i) Is the NPA applicable in tax crimes? (ii) Must the reparation of the damage, as a condition of the NPA, cover the full value of the tax, including interests and fines? (iii) Is the reparation of the damage always necessary to sign a NPA? The expectation of advantage to the accused, provided by the agreement as a negotiated justice instrument, is considered as a condition of its own meaning and effectiveness. On the other hand, the expectation of protection of the legal interest is considered in light of the sufficiency of the agreement as an instrument of prevention and repression of tax crimes. Possible ways of reconciling these expectations are delimited as hypotheses, through solutions such as a restricted understanding of the reparation of damage and the viability of partial reparation. The research is qualitative, exploratory, and propositional, based on the analysis of specialized legislation and literature. nonprosecution non prosecution (NPA system payment liability problems i (i ii (ii fines iii (iii accused effectiveness hand hypotheses qualitative exploratory propositional literature

The aim of this study was to produce and to characterize dietary fiber concentrates (DFCs) obtained from the peach palm by-product (PPB). Subcritical water extraction (SWE) and aqueous extractions at low pressure in magnetic (LPMS) and orbital (LPOS) stirring were carried out to DFCs production. DFCs and the untreated PPB were analyzed for composition, functional properties, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The aqueous extraction treatments increased the total dietary fiber content, due to the removal of sugars (88.7-99.6%) and the partial leaching of proteins and ashes. The DFC obtained by SWE had the highest content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. The methods of aqueous extraction changed the structure of fiber components, that becomes more porous and fragmented, improving the functional properties, as water and oil absorption. Cellulose was the most abundant component of the samples and the alteration in its conformation was observed in the infrared spectra. The principal component analysis showed that the changes on the composition and functional properties were associated with the treatments applied. DFCs produced in this work, specially by SWE, are considered interesting alternatives to promote the utilization of peach palm by-product as a fiber-rich component. (DFCs byproduct product PPB. . (PPB) (SWE LPMS (LPMS LPOS (LPOS production spectroscopy 88.799.6% 887996 88.7 99.6% 88 7 99 6 (88.7-99.6% ashes components fragmented absorption spectra applied work fiberrich rich (PPB 799 88.799.6 88799 887 88. 996 99.6 8 9 (88.7-99.6 79 88.799. 8879 99. (88.7-99. 88.799 (88.7-99 88.79 (88.7-9 (88.7- (88.7 (88. (88 (8 (

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta fotossintética ao deficit de pressão de vapor (DPV) em acessos de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 5×7×2 (cinco acessos de umbuzeiro – BRS-68, EPAMIG-05, BGU-61, BGU-75 e BGU-50 –, sete épocas de avaliação e dois momentos de leitura – às 8h e às 14h), em parcelas subsubdivididas no tempo. A temperatura foliar aumentou com a temperatura do ar. A variação da condutância estomática e da transpiração com o DPV não foi significativa. A fotossíntese líquida, a eficiência de carboxilação e a eficiência instantânea do uso da água decresceram com o aumento do DPV em todos os acessos, exceto no BRS-68, cujas taxas se mantiveram positivas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the photosynthetic response to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in umbu (Spondias tuberosa) tree accessions. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 5×7×2 factorial arrangement (five umbu accessions – BRS-68, EPAMIG-05, BGU-61, BGU-75, and BGU-50 –, seven evaluation times, and two reading times – at 8 a.m. and 2 p.m.) in split-split plots in time. Leaf temperature increased with air temperature. The variation of stomatal conductance and transpiration with the VPD was not significant. Net photosynthesis rate, carboxylation efficiency, and instantaneous water-use efficiency decreased with increasing VPD in all accessions, except in BRS-68, whose rates remained positive.

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode infection has a direct and negative impact on the commercial value of beet (Beta vulgaris L.) tubers. The aim of this study was to evaluate induced resistance in beet tuberous roots infected with different population levels of Meloidogyne javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949. Plants were inoculated with increasing inoculum levels (0, 1500, 5000, and 10 000 eggs + juveniles %#91;J2%#93;) and treated with different products that can potentially induce resistance: mannan- oligosaccharides (MOS), citrus biomass, and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). Vegetative, nematological, and enzymatic parameters were evaluated after 60 d. In general, when compared to the control (water), inducers did not promote a positive effect on tuber diameter and weight, regardless of the inoculum level. Only the weight of plants inoculated with 5000 eggs + J2 and treated with citrus biomass (40.70 g) increased compared with the control (32.38 g). The treatments did not reduce the number of galls, nematodes per root system, and nematodes per gram of root. Resistance inducers increased catalase activity (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and MOS and ASM were the most effective. The highest CAT activity was for ASM and 5000 eggs + J2, resulting in 42.44% compared with the control. The MOS and ASM exhibited the highest PAL activity (0.22 and 0.15 mg trans-amino acid h-1 mg-1 protein, respectively) compared with the control (0.03 mg trans-amino acid h-1 mg-1 protein) in uninoculated plants. Results led us to conclude that inducers should not be used in isolation to control nematodes in beet. However, deformed tubers can be used in manufacturing, thus preventing food waste. In addition, new rates and application intervals should be evaluated to help control nematodes in beet plants.

Abstract Juice formulations containing guava pulp and different amounts (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) of its by-product flour (GBF) were developed and evaluated for antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, physicochemical, rheological, microbiological and sensorial parameters. The GBF addition to guava juice increased the acidity and altered the color and rheological parameters, especially at higher levels (3% and 5%). There was an increase in the content of dietary fiber, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity with GBF addition, but no changes occurred in the soluble solids, total phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acid content. The guava juice containing 1% GBF received better sensory scores when compared with the 3% and 5% GBF formulations. Storage at 4o C for 21 days affected most of the parameters examined, but the microbiological parameters remained stable. Shelf life of 14 days is recommended to maintain the physicochemical and antioxidants characteristics of guava juice.

Abstract The aims of this study were to determine the fatty acid profile of meat from lambs fed with different levels of safflower seed (0%, 7.5%, and 15%) and, also, to compare the characteristics of the meat patties prepared from this lamb meat (LMP) with beef meat patties (BMP). The safflower seed-supplemented diet did not change the contents of polyunsaturated and unsaturated fatty acids, except for C22:1. All meat patty formulations were considered safe for consumption. The values of cooking yield, shrinkage, water absorption index, luminosity (L*), and redness (a*) were similar for the LMP and BMP tested. While the safflower seed-supplemented diet did not alter the moisture, ash, and protein levels of LMP, the lipid content was lower than that in BMP. The incorporation of 15% safflower seed into lamb feed contributed to promoting better sensory attributes of the meat patties. Most of the physicochemical properties evaluated were similar among LMP and BMP. However, to improve the sensory properties of the product, dietary supplementation with 15% safflower seed is recommended.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar em uma amostra de pacientes com distúrbios da diferenciação do sexo (DDS), dados relacionados à idade, ao encaminhamento e sua correlação com as queixas iniciais, ao sexo ao encaminhamento e ao sexo final e diagnóstico etiológico. Métodos: Revisão retrospectiva da idade por ocasião da primeira consulta e motivo dela, sexo social inicial e após definição do diagnóstico, cariótipo e diagnóstico etiológico de todos os casos atendidos em um ambulatório especializado em DDS entre 1989 e 2016. Foram excluídos casos que não compreendiam DDS e diagnósticos de DDS que não cursam comumente com ambiguidade genital, não necessitam de acompanhamento especializado. Resultados: Dos 1.793 casos atendidos, 1.139 foram diagnosticados com algum DDS. Excluíram-se 430 (272 síndrome de Turner, 66 síndrome de Klinefelter e 92 disgenesia gonadal pura), totalizando 709. Desses, 82,9% foram encaminhados por ambiguidade genital, somente um quarto ainda no primeiro mês de vida e 6,6% por atraso puberal, a maioria com 10 anos ou mais; 68,6% tiveram diagnóstico de DDS XY; 22,4% DDS XX e 9% de anomalias dos cromossomos sexuais. Conclusões: Este estudo apresenta a maior casuística na literatura de pacientes com DDS atendidos em um único serviço. O momento de encaminhamento da maioria dos pacientes com ambiguidade genital foi aquém do ideal e casos mais leves de ambiguidade e muitos com manifestações puberais foram encaminhados ainda mais tardiamente. Os resultados reforçam a importância do ensino continuado a profissionais que terão o primeiro contato com esses pacientes, principalmente pediatras e neonatologistas.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate, in a sample of patients with disorders of sex development (DSD), data related to the age at referral and their correlation with the initial complaints, gender at referral, defined gender after diagnosis and etiological diagnosis. Methods: Retrospective review of the age at the first consultation and the reason for it, initial social gender and gender after the diagnosis, karyotype and etiological diagnosis of all cases treated at a DSD outpatient clinic between 1989 and 2016. Cases that did not involve DSD and DSD diagnoses that do not usually involve ambiguous genitalia, thus not requiring specialized monitoring, were excluded. Results: Of the 1793 treated cases, 1139 were diagnosed with some type of DSD. This study excluded 430 cases (272 with Turner's syndrome, 66 with Klinefelter syndrome, and 92 with pure gonadal dysgenesis), thus a total 709 individuals were included. Of these, 82.9% were referred due to ambiguous genitalia; only one-quarter were still in the first month of life, and 6.6% were referred due to pubertal delay, with most of them aged 10 years or older. Of these patients, 68.6% had a diagnosis of XY DSD, 22.4% of XX DSD, and 9% of sex chromosome abnormalities. Conclusions: This study presents the largest series in the literature of patients with DSD treated in a single center. The time of referral of the majority of patients with ambiguous genitalia fell short of the ideal, and milder cases of ambiguous genitalia and many with pubertal manifestations were referred even later. The results reinforce the importance of continuing education for professionals who will have the first contact with these patients, mainly pediatricians and neonatologists.

Abstract Determining the copy number is important because it can greatly influence the expression level and genetic stability of transgenes. This study aimed to establish a methodology that can estimate the transgene copy number in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) using the Auxin independent1 (Axi1) gene as an endogenous control. Tobacco c.v. Petit Havana plants were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with a pMCG1005 vector that contained Bar as a selective gene. Oligonucleotide efficiency was determined and a qPCR using the 2-ΔCt and 2-ΔΔCt methods was performed. Bar was the target gene and Axi1 was the endogenous control in five transgenic tobacco events. The results showed that the Axi1 gene was donated by the maternal parent N. sylvestris when interspecific hybridization occurred between N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis. The copy number results agreed with the segregation ratios for the Bar gene in T1 plants, which confirmed that Axi1 is a single copy gene that can be used as an endogenous control.

RESUMO: Meloidogyne javanica é um nematoide parasita de plantas que infecta uma grande variedade de vegetais. Seus efeitos negativos sobre o rendimento e o valor das culturas estão bem documentados. No entanto, poucos estudos investigaram o impacto do parasita no valor nutricional dos vegetais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do parasitismo por M. javanica sobre as características vegetativas, parâmetros nematológicos, composição química e atividade antioxidante de cenouras. As plântulas foram inoculadas com 0 (controle), 1000, 2500 ou 5000 ovos e eventuais juvenis (J2) de M. javanica no segundo estágio. Aos 60 dias após a inoculação, as plantas foram colhidas e avaliadas. As plantas inoculadas com 2500 ovos e J2 de M. javanica apresentaram maior peso fresco das raízes e tubérculos que o controle. O número de galhas aumentou com o aumento da densidade do inóculo. Verificou-se aumento do número de nematoides nas raízes até 3000 espécimes, diminuindo posteriormente. A análise imediata revelou que plantas inoculadas com 1000 ovos e J2 de M. javanica ou mais tinham maior teor de proteína nas raízes. Por outro lado, a inoculação com 1775 nematoides ou mais resultou em diminuição no conteúdo de carotenoides. Não houve efeito da inoculação no conteúdo fenólico total ou na atividade antioxidante. Embora a infecção por M. javanica não tenha impactado significativamente a qualidade nutricional das cenouras, a formação de galhas resultou em raízes deformadas e de baixo valor comercial.

ABSTRACT: Meloidogyne javanica is a plant-parasitic nematode that infects a wide range of vegetables. Its negative effects on crop yield and value are well documented. However, few studies have investigated the impact of the parasite on the nutritional value of vegetables. This study aimed to assess the effect of M. javanica parasitism on the vegetative characteristics, nematological parameters, chemistry composition and antioxidant activity of carrots. Seedlings were inoculated with 0 (control), 1000, 2500, or 5000 eggs and eventual second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, plants were harvested and evaluated. Plants inoculated with 2500 eggs and J2 of M. javanica had higher root and tuber fresh weight than the control. Gall number increased with increasing inoculum density. The number of nematodes in the roots increased until 3000 specimens, decreasing thereafter. Proximate analysis revealed that plants inoculated with 1000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica or more had higher protein content in roots. In contrast, inoculation with 1775 nematodes or more resulted in a decrease in carotenoid content. There was no effect of inoculation on total phenolic content or antioxidant activity. Although, M. javanica infection did not have a marked impact on the nutritional quality of carrots, gall formation resulted in deformed roots of low commercial value.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as reações adversas apresentadas pelos doadores de sangue e traçar o seu perfil sociodemográfico. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva transversal, realizada em 780 registros de doadores de sangue de um hemocentro público da região sul do Brasil, no período de dezembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Para análise procedeu-se à estatística descritiva. Resultados: identificou-se que, no período de 12 meses, o total de doadores de sangue correspondeu a 27.300 pessoas, no qual 780 desenvolveram ao menos uma adversidade. Caracterizaram-se por doadores de repetição, do gênero feminino, solteiros, com nível de escolaridade médio completo, na faixa etária de 16 a 30 anos, que desencadearam entre 1 e 3 adversidades. As reações leves foram mais recorrentes, seguidas das reações moderadas e graves. Conclusão: Aponta-se um alto índice de reações adversas por parte dos doadores enfatizando a necessidade de mudanças nas práticas dos cuidados em hemoterapia.

ABSTRACT Objective: identify the adverse reactions presented by blood donors and outline their sociodemographic profile. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional retrospective study of 780 records of blood donors from a public hemocenter in the southern region of Brazil, from December 2015 to January 2016. For the analysis the descriptive statistics was used. Results: it was identified that throughout 12 months, the total blood donors corresponded to 27,300 people, in which 780 developed at least one reaction. They were characterized by female and recurrent donors, single, with a complete average level of education, ranging from 16 to 30 years, who triggered between 1 and 3 reactions. Mild reactions were more frequent, followed by moderate and severe reactions. Conclusion: There is a high rate of adverse reactions from donors emphasizing the need for changes in hemotherapy care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las reacciones adversas presentadas por los donantes de sangre y trazar su perfil sociodemográfico. Método: una investigación cuantitativa, retrospectiva transversal, realizada en 780 registros de donantes de sangre de un hemocentro público de la región sur de Brasil, en el período de diciembre de 2015 a enero de 2016. Para el análisis se procedió a la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se identificó que, en el período de 12 meses, el total de donantes de sangre correspondió a 27.300 personas, en el cual 780 desarrollaron al menos una adversidad. Se caracterizaron por donantes de repetición, del género femenino, solteros, con nivel de escolaridad promedio completo, en el grupo de edad de 16 a 30 años, que desencadenaron entre 1 y 3 adversidades. Las reacciones lleves fueron más recurrentes, seguidas de las reacciones moderadas y graves. Conclusión: se señala un alto índice de reacciones adversas por parte de los donantes enfatizando la necesidad de cambios en las prácticas de los cuidados en hemoterapia.

ABSTRACT Objective: identify the adverse reactions presented by blood donors and outline their sociodemographic profile. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional retrospective study of 780 records of blood donors from a public hemocenter in the southern region of Brazil, from December 2015 to January 2016. For the analysis the descriptive statistics was used. Results: it was identified that throughout 12 months, the total blood donors corresponded to 27,300 people, in which 780 developed at least one reaction. They were characterized by female and recurrent donors, single, with a complete average level of education, ranging from 16 to 30 years, who triggered between 1 and 3 reactions. Mild reactions were more frequent, followed by moderate and severe reactions. Conclusion: There is a high rate of adverse reactions from donors emphasizing the need for changes in hemotherapy care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las reacciones adversas presentadas por los donantes de sangre y trazar su perfil sociodemográfico. Método: una investigación cuantitativa, retrospectiva transversal, realizada en 780 registros de donantes de sangre de un hemocentro público de la región sur de Brasil, en el período de diciembre de 2015 a enero de 2016. Para el análisis se procedió a la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se identificó que, en el período de 12 meses, el total de donantes de sangre correspondió a 27.300 personas, en el cual 780 desarrollaron al menos una adversidad. Se caracterizaron por donantes de repetición, del género femenino, solteros, con nivel de escolaridad promedio completo, en el grupo de edad de 16 a 30 años, que desencadenaron entre 1 y 3 adversidades. Las reacciones lleves fueron más recurrentes, seguidas de las reacciones moderadas y graves. Conclusión: se señala un alto índice de reacciones adversas por parte de los donantes enfatizando la necesidad de cambios en las prácticas de los cuidados en hemoterapia.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as reações adversas apresentadas pelos doadores de sangue e traçar o seu perfil sociodemográfico. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, retrospectiva transversal, realizada em 780 registros de doadores de sangue de um hemocentro público da região sul do Brasil, no período de dezembro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Para análise procedeu-se à estatística descritiva. Resultados: identificou-se que, no período de 12 meses, o total de doadores de sangue correspondeu a 27.300 pessoas, no qual 780 desenvolveram ao menos uma adversidade. Caracterizaram-se por doadores de repetição, do gênero feminino, solteiros, com nível de escolaridade médio completo, na faixa etária de 16 a 30 anos, que desencadearam entre 1 e 3 adversidades. As reações leves foram mais recorrentes, seguidas das reações moderadas e graves. Conclusão: Aponta-se um alto índice de reações adversas por parte dos doadores enfatizando a necessidade de mudanças nas práticas dos cuidados em hemoterapia.

Abstract The efficiency of maize transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is influenced by various factors. The aim of this study was to test the effect of different concentrations of N6 salts (50% - half strength, and 100% - full strength) in the infection and cocultivation media on genetic transformation efficiency of the L3 tropical elite maize line. Immature embryos were transformed via A. tumefaciens harboring the binary vector pTF102 containing the genes uidA and BAR under control of the CaMV35S promoter. The efficiency of the transgenic events produced was 3% for full strength and 1.1% for half strength N6 salts. Although under a lower concentration of salts, GUS expression was stronger; under this concentration, regeneration was less efficient. Thus, the results showed that the presence of 100% N6 salts in the infection and cocultivation media favored genetic transformation of the L3 maize inbred line mediated by A. tumefaciens.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do aprimoramento da análise cromossômica sobre os achados citogenéticos de pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo dos resultados de cariótipo de 260 pacientes com ST, com análise das técnicas de bandamento, número de células avaliadas e pesquisa de sequências de cromossomo Y. Segundo o cariótipo, dividiu-se em 45,X; mosaicismo cromossômico sem Y; aberrações estruturais de cromossomos sexuais com ou sem mosaicismo; mosaicismo com cromossomo Y. RESULTADOS: O cariótipo 45,X foi o mais frequente (108), seguido de aberrações estruturais (88) e mosaicismo (58 sem Y e 6 com Y). A introdução de técnicas de bandamento e o aumento do número de células analisadas resultaram em redução progressiva de pacientes 45,X e aumento de aberrações estruturais. O estudo de sequências de cromossomo Y foi feito em 96 casos e foi positivo em 10. CONCLUSÕES: O aperfeiçoamento da análise cromossômica ao longo do tempo modificou o perfil citogenético da ST.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the improvement of chromosome analysis on the cytogenetic findings of Turner syndrome (TS) patients. METHODS: Retrospective study of the results of the karyotypes of 260 patients with TS, regarding banding techniques, number of cells analyzed and results of investigation of Y-chromosome sequences. According to karyotype, divided in 45,X; sex chromosome mosaicism without Y; structural aberrations of sex chromosomes with or without mosaicism; sex chromosome mosaicism with Y. RESULTS: 45,X was the most frequent karyotype (108), followed by structural aberrations (88) and mosaics (58 without Y and 6 with Y). Introduction of banding techniques and increase in the number of cells analyzed resulted in progressive decrease of 45,X karyotype and increase of structural aberrations. The study of Y-chromosome sequences was performed in 96 cases of which 10 resulted positive. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of chromosome analysis over the years has modified the cytogenetic profile of TS.