Abstract: This paper presents the results obtained from the analysis of the zooarchaeological bird assemblages of the Pizzulic 2, Pizzulic 3 and Pizzulic 4 sites, located in the Englefield island, whose radiocarbon dates show occupations from the Middle Holocene to the first millennium of our era. The analysis of the avifauna made it possible to determine the existence of continuity in the exploitation and selection of birds for these three sites, exploiting a reduced taxonomic range and a selection focused mainly on the Phalacrocoracidae Family. Likewise, the identification of juvenile individuals in the studied suggests summer occupations. In all three sets, a continuity in the processing of the birds with iterative dismemberment and chopping patterns was detected.

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos del análisis de los conjuntos zooarqueológicos de aves de los sitios Pizzulic 2, Pizzulic 3 y Pizzulic 4, ubicados en la isla Englefield, cuyos fechados radiocarbónicos evidencian ocupaciones desde el Holoceno medio hasta el primer milenio de nuestra era. El análisis de la avifauna permitió determinar la existencia de una continuidad en la explotación y selección de aves para estos tres sitios, explotando un reducido abanico taxonómico y una selección enfocada principalmente en la Familia Phalacrocoracidae. Asimismo, la identificación de individuos juveniles en los conjuntos estudiados sugiere ocupaciones estivales. Se detectó, en los tres conjuntos, una continuidad en el procesamiento de las aves con patrones de desmembramiento y trozamiento iterativos.

A total of 1,177 lice of four species were collected from 124 kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus) and 137 lice of the same four species from 60 Franklin's gulls (Larus pipixcan). The louse Saemundssonia lari (O Fabricius) (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) was the most numerous on both gull species, with infestation rates of 4.9 on kelp gulls and 1.8 on Franklin's gulls. The second most abundant louse was Quadraceps punctatus (Burmeister), with a high infestation rate but low prevalence on kelp gulls; those parameters were much lower among lice from Franklin's gulls. The composition and community structure of the lice were similar on both host species, but not their infestation rates. In addition, the feather mite Zachvatkinia larica Mironov (Acari: Avenzoariidae) is recorded from kelp gulls and Franklin's gulls for the first time, while the gamasid mite Larinyssus sp. is recorded from kelp gulls, also for the first time. The population parameters of all species of ectoparasites are discussed.

Femoro-acetabular impingement is an anatomical disturbance of the hip, caused by a deformity of the acetabulum, femur or both that causes an abnormal contact between both structures during certain movements. Its prevalence is 10 to 15% and causes chronic inguinal pain. It can be confused with several other causes of inguinal pain such as hernias, facet syndromes, a renal colic, etc. Patients with this condition are usually young individuals with inguinal pain that may appear after a minor trauma. During examination, pain may be elicited by infernal rotation and abduction movements of hip, flexed in 90°. Plain hip X ray is the most commonly used diagnostic method. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy can be used to alleviate pain, but the definitive treatment is surgical.

Background: Benign strictures occur in up to 22% of patients following anterior resection, most of them presenting no symptoms and less than 5% needing some correcting procedure. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of dilation using Savary-Gilliard bougies. Patients and method: From 1997 to 2004, 349 consecutive patients underwent anterior resection. Fifteen patients (4,3%) developed a critical stricture of colorectal anastomosis (<10 mm). Dilation was carried out under fluoroscopic guidance using Savary-Gilliard bougies of increasing diameters up to 15 mm. Results: Mean height of stenosis to anal verge was 12,7 cm (range 7-17). The strictures had a mean diameter of 7 mm (range 2-10). Four patients were diagnosed during routine follow up. In eleven patients, symptoms developed at a mean of 19 months after surgery (range 2-67). Five patients complained of pain and abdominal distension which, in one case, progressed to intestinal obstruction. The total number of dilation sessions was 21 and the average number per patient was 1.4 (range 1-4). Immediate symptomatic relief was achieved in 12 cases in one session and good long-term dilation was achieved in 14 patients (93%) after a 22 (range 7-44) mean follow-up period. There was one case of bowel perforation with the guide wire who needed a temporary ileostomy. Conclusion: Endoscopic dilation with Savary bougies is an inexpensive, simple, safe and efficient method of treating benign colorectal anastomotic strictures

Antecedentes: La estenosis cicatricial de una anastomosis colorrectal (CRA) ocurre aproximadamente en un 20% de los pacientes, la mayoría son asintomáticos y menos del 5% de los casos requiere algún procedimiento de corrección. Este estudio analiza la técnica y los resultados de la dilatación endoscópica con bujías de una estenosis de una CRA grapada. Pacientes y método: Revisión retrospectiva de todas las dilataciones de una CRA efectuadas en el periodo 1997-2004 por una estrechez cicatricial crítica (<10 mm), con o sin síntomas. La dilatación se efectuó mediante bujías de Savary-Gilliard bajo visión fluoroscópica. Resultados: De un total de 349 CRA con suturas mecánicas realizadas en forma consecutiva en dicho periodo, 15 pacientes (4,3%) requirieron de una o más sesiones de dilatación. La altura promedio de la estenosis desde el margen anal fue 12,7 cm (extremos 7-17). El diámetro promedio de la estrechez fue 7 mm (extremos 2-10). El intervalo entre la confección de la CRA y el diagnóstico de la complicación fue de 19 meses como promedio (extremos 2-67). Once pacientes (73%) presentaban síntomas obstructivos, los que progresaron a una obstrucción mecánica en 5. Se efectuó 18 dilataciones en los 15 pacientes, logrando una dilatación hasta 15 mm y mejoría del cuadro clínico en forma definitiva en 12 pacientes. Tres pacientes presentan una re-estenosis que requiere un nuevo procedimiento de dilatación, logrando éxito en 2 de ellos. Un paciente debió operarse por una perforación luego de la segunda sesión, quedando con una ileostomía transitoria. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia logramos una corrección de la estrechez benigna de la CRA con una sesión de dilatación en el 80% de los casos, cifra que se eleva al 93% con dos sesiones. La técnica de dilatación con bujías es una técnica reproducible, de bajo costo, simple y eficiente

Background: Gallbladder cancer is frequent in Chile and there is sparse information about the association between this type of cancer and the presence of bacteria in the gallbladder bile. Aim: To determine the presence of aerobic bacteria in gallbladder bile in patients with and without gallbladder cancer. Material and methods: A microbiological analysis of bile and pathological study was performed in 608 gallbladders, obtained during to cholecystectomies performed to 513 women and 95 men aged 44 years old as a mean. Results: Pathological study showed a chronic cholecystitis in 468 cases (77%), an acute cholecystitis in 140 (33%), cancer in 24 (3.9%) and dysplasia in 5 cases (0.8%). A positive culture was obtained in 22.5% of women and 28.5% of males. Twenty seven percent of women over 30 years old had positive cultures compared with 10% of younger women (p <0.001). Thirty two percent of acute cholecystitis had positive cultures, compared with 24% of chronic cholecystitis (p=0.03). E Coli was isolated in 51% of positive cases, Streptococci-Enterococci in 24%, Enterobacter sp in 9%, Klebsiella and Proteus in lower proportions. Salmonella sp was isolated in 4 cases, being all women with chronic cholecystitis. Thirteen of 29 cases with cancer or dysplasia had positive cultures (45%), compared with 25% of patients with inflammatory gallbladder diseases (p=0.02). Streptococci-Enterococci were isolated in 7 cases and Enterobacter sp in three. Conclusions: The presence of Salmonella sp in gallbladder bile was not frequent in the studied patients. Its role in the pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer must be reassessed.