Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de bovinos cruzados, recriados em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) e terminados em confinamento, alimentados com dietas com alto nível de concentrado ou exclusivamente de concentrado. Bezerros desmamados de dois tipos de cruzamento - ½ Angus × ½ Nelore e ½ Charolês × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nelore - foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC). No período das águas, os animais ½ Angus × ½ Nelore apresentaram desempenho superior ao dos animais ½ Charolês × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nelore, com ganho médio diário de 0,748 e 0,490 kg, respectivamente. A produtividade na recria foi de 926 kg ha-1 de peso corporal no período de 11 meses, no sistema de ILP. Posteriormente, os animais foram confinados e alimentados com dietas com alto nível de concentrado ou exclusivamente de concentrado, em DIC, com arranjo fatorial 2×2. No confinamento, os animais ½ Charolês × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nelore apresentaram valores menores de ganho médio diário de carcaça, rendimento de carcaça e peso ao abate do que os animais ½ Angus × ½ Nelore. A elevada produtividade no sistema ILP mostra que essa estratégia, associada ao uso de cruzamentos durante a recria e a terminação, pode ser indicada para a nova demanda por uma pecuária sustentável.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of crossbred steers post-weaned in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICL) and finished in a feedlot, fed either a high-level concentrate diet or whole corn with no roughage. Weaned calves of two breed groups - ½ Angus × ½ Nellore, and ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nellore - were allotted in a completely randomized experimental design (CRD). During the rainy season, the ½ Angus × ½ Nellore animals showed a higher performance than the ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus ×¼ Nellore ones, with 0.748 and 0.490 kg average daily gain, respectively. The productivity in the post-weaning period was 926 kg ha-1 body weight in a 11-month period, in the ICL system. Subsequently, the animals were confined and fed high-concentrate diet or whole corn with no roughage, in a CRD with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. In the feedlot, the ½ Charolais × ¼ Angus × ¼ Nellore animals showed lower values for carcass average daily gain, carcass yield, and slaughter weight than the ½ Angus × ½ Nellore animals. The high productivity in the ICL shows that this strategy, associated with the use of crossbreeding during the post-weaning and finishing stages, can be indicated for the new demand for a sustainable livestock activity.

ABSTRACT The study evaluated the average return on invested capital (ROIC) in function of the variations in the historical prices of beef cattle and the odds of return on that capital gain within the system of beef cattle fattening on a farm in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2004 to 2007. To calculate the risk of ROIC, monthly data of beef cattle prices (BM&F) were used from July 1997 to December 2013, revised by the General Price Index of the Fundação Getúlio Vargas in December 2013. The corrected data were divided into five classes that correspond to the risk scenarios. In light of these classes, the observed frequencies and their respective probabilities were calculated. The cumulative and updated ROIC were -3.02 and 0.24%, respectively. The odds for obtaining returns above 8.4% (Brazilian Selic Rate) per year were median, corresponding to 32.0 and 34.94% for the calculation of operating profit (ROIC OP) and total profit (ROIC TP), respectively. The expected average annual return was 6.26 and 7.66% for ROIC OP and ROIC TP, respectively. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation showed a high risk of ROIC because the scale and extent of dispersion per unit of expected return were elevated in the accumulation period and the risk for 2013 was reduced according to the price of beef cattle. The expected risk of ROIC was considered high between 2004 and 2007 and average for 2013. The probability of return on capital invested in the intensification of fattening beef cattle is a function of the selling price of cattle and purchase of inputs, in which the high scenario ranching provides greater probability of getting a return above the bank interest rates.

ABSTRACT The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate the effects of different dietary energy sources on the carcass and meat traits of feedlot Nellore bulls. A total of 48 Nellore bulls at 32 months of age with 354.35±19.56 kg body weight were studied for 85 days. The bulls were allotted to four groups of 12 individuals: Whole corn grain - diet based on whole corn grain; Ground corn - diet based on ground corn grain; Citrus pulp - diet based on citrus pulp; and Steam-flaked corn - diet based on steam-flaked corn. Diets did not influence carcass quality or meat quality. Average values for fat depth, rib eye area, shear force, total cooking losses, and carcass yield were 4.97 mm, 74.71 cm2, 5.85 kgf, 26.82%, and 52.0%, respectively. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of this study, there is no restriction for the adoption of any of the tested diets in feedlots with Nellore bulls and the evaluated energy sources may be used to replace ground corn grain.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição da proteína bruta do farelo de soja pela ureia de liberação lenta sobre o desempenho, as características de carcaça e o custo alimentar de bovinos Nelore terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 48 machos inteiros da raça Nelore, com idade média de 22 meses e peso inicial de 367,95±18,52 kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos: FS, 8,91% de farelo de soja e 0% de ureia de liberação lenta (ULL); OP33, 6,01% de farelo de soja e 0,46% de ULL; OP67, 2,94% de farelo de soja e 0,94% de ULL; e OP100, 0% de farelo de soja e 1,41% de ULL. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para as variáveis peso inicial, peso final, ganho médio diário, ganho de carcaça, consumo de matéria seca, conversão alimentar, eficiência biológica, peso de carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça e custo alimentar da arroba produzida. A ureia de liberação lenta, usada em substituição parcial ou total à proteína do farelo de soja na dieta, não altera o desempenho, as características de carcaça e a eficiência econômica de bovinos de corte confinados.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of replacing crude protein of soybean meal by slow-release urea on the performance, carcass traits, and feeding costs of feedlot Nelore steers. Forty-eight Nelore steers were used, with an average age of 22 months and weight of 367.95±18.52 kg. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments: SM, 8.91% soybean meal and 0% slow-release urea (SRU); OP33, 6.01% soybean meal and 0.46% SRU; OP67, 2.94% soybean meal and 0.94% SRU; and OP100, 0% soybean meal and 1.41% SRU. No difference was observed between treatments for the variables initial weight, final weight, average daily gain, carcass gain, dry matter intake, feed conversion, biological efficiency, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, and feed cost of produced arroba. Slow-release urea, used to partially or totally replace protein of soybean meal in the diet, does not modify the performance, carcass traits, and economic efficiency of feedlot cattle.

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, estudar a rentabilidade da terminação de bovinos de corte em confinamento. Especificamente, pretendeu-se, ainda, identificar os componentes dos custos total e operacional efetivo, que foram mais relevantes no custo da arroba de carne produzida e estimar o ponto de equilíbrio. A coleta de dados foi de janeiro a dezembro de 2009, em dois sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte, localizados em Sete Lagoas - MG (confinamento 1) e Carmo de Minas - MG (confinamento 2). O processamento eletrônico dos dados e a análise de rentabilidade foram realizados, utilizando-se o software Cu$to Bovino Corte®, considerando-se a margem bruta, a margem líquida e o resultado (lucro ou prejuízo) como indicadores de eficiência econômica. O confinamento 1 não apresentou viabilidade econômica, mas obteve margens líquida e bruta positivas, o que indica que a atividade pode sobreviver no curto e médio prazos; o confinamento 2, por apresentar margens bruta e líquida e resultado positivos, demonstra que a atividade tem possibilidade de manter-se no longo prazo e com possibilidade de expansão. Os itens que apresentaram maiores representatividades sobre o custo total da atividade foram, em ordem decrescente, para o confinamento 1: aquisição de animais, alimentação, mão de obra e depreciação; e, para o confinamento 2: aquisição de animais, alimentação, despesas diversas (aluguel de máquinas, principalmente) e depreciação. Em relação ao custo operacional efetivo, foram, em ordem decrescente, aquisição de animais, alimentação, mão de obra e energia; aquisição de animais, alimentação, despesas diversas (aluguel de máquinas, principalmente) e mão de obra, para os confinamentos 1 e 2, respectivamente.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the profitability of the beef cattle finishing in feedlot. Particularly, it was also intended to identify the components of the total and effective operational cost of greater impact on the production of meat and estimate the breakeven point. Data collection was carried out from January to December of 2009 in two beef cattle production systems, located in Sete Lagoas - MG (feedlot 1) and Carmo de Minas - MG (feedlot 2). The electronic data processing as well as the profitability analysis were conducted using the Cu$to Bovino Corte® software, considering the gross margin, the net margin and the result (either profit or loss) as economic efficiency indicators. Feedlot 1 showed positive net and gross margins, which points out that it can survive in the short and medium term; feedlot 2, showed gross and net margins and positive result, which demonstrates that the activity has the possibility of being suatainable in the long term and possibility of expanding. The items which showed greatest representativeness on the total cost of the activity for feedlot 1 were, in decreasing order, purchase o animals, feeding, labor and depreciation; and for feedlot 2, purchase of animals, feeding, sundry expenses (rental of machinery, especially) and depreciation. Regarding the effective operational cost, the items, in decreasing order, were purchase of animals, feeding, labor and energy for feedlot 1; and purchase of animals, feeding, sundry expenses(rental of machinery, especially) and labor, for feedlot 2.