The present work focused on the screening process of different inorganic oxides and different temperatures for the epoxidation reaction of macaw palm vegetable oil without using solvent, a promising Brazilian biomass that can substitute other vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil) in technological applications. This oil has an iodine value of 108.48 g of I2 per 100 g being categorized as a semi-dry oil. The epoxidized vegetable oil can be applied in manifold areas in polymer science. The epoxidation reaction here presented avoided organic solvents and organic acids and aimed to produce a greener route using metal oxides or niobium phosphate as a peroxide-activating catalyst. The experimental parameters were maintained as 10 mol% of catalyst loading and a time of 24 h; however, the temperature for some catalysts was changed to improve the epoxide conversion. Experiments were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Experiments using titanium oxide (TiO2) as a catalyst reached a conversion greater than 84.7%, while experiments using aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or lanthanum oxide (La2O3) achieved conversions of 22.6 and 30.1%, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that both niobium compounds instantly react with hydrogen peroxide to form peroxy derivatives. solvent e.g., eg e (e.g. applications 10848 108 48 108.4 I semidry semi dry science peroxideactivating activating 1 mol 2 h however 1H H NMR. NMR . NMR) TiO2 TiO (TiO2 847 84 7 84.7% Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3 La2O3 LaO La (La2O3 226 22 6 22. 301 30 30.1% respectively Furthermore derivatives e.g. (e.g 1084 4 108. (TiO 8 84.7 Al2O (Al2O La2O (La2O 3 30.1 e.g 84. 30.

Vegetable oils are alternatives to producing renewable monomers since they are biomass. It is possible to react them with anhydrides by heating to provide monomers with high reactivity. However, after the reaction of grape seed oil with itaconic anhydride, it was observed the occurrence of parallel reactions that had not been observed when the same oil was reacted with maleic anhydride. Some articles in the literature have reported that temperature and bases can isomerize itaconic anhydride into citraconic anhydride, which is more stable at room temperature. However, they have not focused on completely understanding how this phenomenon occurred nor studied it in processes that involve microwave irradiation. Therefore, this paper presents a complete characterization and investigation about the thermal behavior of itaconic anhydride and how it can affect the monomer synthesis performed under heating. biomass reactivity However irradiation Therefore

This work aims to produce and disseminate videos that follow the microlearning methodology, to explain the physicochemical properties of cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate through thermal analysis, and to determine the reliability of the Portuguese good luck rooster. Temporal and social accelerations due to the growth of the technological world are changing the old teaching-learning methodologies; thus, new methods should be explored. In the microlearning methodology, short segments and specific content can be broadcast to anyone at any time. In addition, relating new information to individual’s experiences can favor the teaching-learning process. The good luck rooster is an ornament of Portuguese origin, which can forecast the weather in a limited way, and is composed of cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate. This compound was characterized by TG-DTA (Simultaneous Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermal Analysis) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), verifying that the salt loses its hydration water when exposed to high temperatures, changing its color from pink color to blue.

Grape seed is a waste product from the wine and juice industries. However, vegetable oil can be extracted from it, which is a renewable chemical with a huge potential application after chemical modifications, such as epoxidation and maleinization processes. This paper therefore deals with the use of grape seed oil, to produce its epoxidized and maleinized derivatives. Both derivatives were synthesized in order to improve the conversion (99.4%), yield (98.9%) and selectivity (99.5%) values, as well as to decrease the reaction time (3 h) using cleaner energy sources and heterogeneous catalysts, which can be used 4× without regeneration and obtaining similar conversion and yield values, and at least 5× keeping high selectivity. Based on the characterization results, both grape seed oil derivatives may be applied in different fields, including polymer chemistry as a monomer, coating, and paint. In addition, they can be an option to industries that use petrochemical derivatives as precursors.

The aim of this paper is to replace toxic coinitiators (tertiary amines) by non-toxic compounds such as glycerol and inositol (polyalcohol) in dimethacrylate resins. For this purpose, mid infrared spectroscopy (MIR) was used to calculate the monomers' degree of conversion (%DC); as well as simultaneous Thermogravimetric Analysis – Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to evaluate thermal stability, degradation steps, and thermal events. The use of different initiator systems did not modify the thermal events or the thermal stability of each of the dimethacrylate resins. Results show a substitution of system 2 (toxicity) by system 3 (low toxicity), which had a good conversion velocity and total conversion in some monomers, is plausible.

Polyethilenetherephtalate (PET) is commonly used in manufacturing of beverage bottles representing a didactic appeal in thermal analysis education due to its presence in the student's day life. Additionally such polymer presents well defined thermal analytical curves and a well known thermal behavior. TGA curve is used to present the thermal stability. The thermal history effects in the thermal properties of a PET sample from a soft drink bottle are used to demonstrate the effect of different heating/cooling conditions on glass transition, melting, crystallization and crystalline degree using DSC curves.

Foram preparadas suspensões de TiO2 dopadas com Fe(III) pelo método sol-gel. As propriedades dos materiais dopados foram comparadas com a de TiO2 puro, baseadas na caracterização por análise térmica (TG-DTA e DSC), difratometria de raios X e medidas espectroscópicas (FTIR). As suspensões de TiO2 puras e dopadas foram depositadas sobre substrato metálico, obtendo-se assim eletrodos de filme fino. O tratamento térmico destes precursors a 400 ºC por um período de 2 horas resultou na formação de fase cristalina anatase. Os eletrodos foram utilizados em processo fotoeletrocatalítico para a degradação de corante têxtil em solução aquosa. Verificou-se que o eletrodo de TiO2 puro apresentou melhor desempenho no processo de degradação do corante.

Pure and Fe(III)-doped TiO2 suspensions were prepared by the sol gel method with the use of titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OPri)4) as precursor material. The properties of doped materials were compared to TiO2 properties based on the characterization by thermal analysis (TG-DTA and DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry and spectroscopy measurements (FTIR). Both undoped and doped TiO2 suspensions were used to coat metallic substrate as a mean to make thin-film electrodes. Thermal treatment of the precursors at 400ºC for 2 h in air resulted in the formation of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2. The thin-film electrodes were tested with respect to their photocatalytic performance for degradation of a textile dye in aqueous solution. The plain TiO2 remains as the best catalyst at the conditions used in this report.

Os radicais livres são espécies altamente reativas geradas nos organismos vivos com a finalidade de proteção. Porém, em algumas circunstâncias, estes são responsáveis pela ocorrência ou o agravo de danos teciduais. Muitos antiinflamatórios apresentam ação direta sobre radicais livres e espécies reativas não radicalares, o que contribui para suas ações contra a inflamação. O cetoprofeno é um antiinflamatório não esteroidal que gera radicais livres ao sofrer fotoirradiação e tem com isso um efeito hemolítico importante. A complexação de metais a diferentes fármacos tem sido utilizada como estratégia para melhorar a ação farmacológica de diferentes moléculas e reduzir seus efeitos colaterais. Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados do estudo de ação do cetoprofeno e seus complexos de cério e cobre sobre radicais livres e sobre eritrócitos. Observou-se que o cério intensifica as propriedades scavenger do cetoprofeno sobre radicais livres enquanto o cobre intensifica as ações sobre oxidantes não radicalares. O cobre ainda reduziu o efeito hemolítico apresentado pelo cetoprofeno e mantido pelo seu derivado de cério.

Free radicals are highly reactive species generated in living organisms for the purpose of protection. However, in some circumstances, they are responsible for the occurrence or aggravation of tissue damage. Many anti-inflammatory drugs have a direct effect on free radicals and not radical reactive species, which contributes to its actions against inflammation. Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that generates free radicals by photo irradiation and has an important hemolytic effect with that. The complexation of metals to different drugs has been used as a strategy to improve the pharmacological action of different molecules and reduce their side effects. This paper presents the results of ketoprofen and their metallic complexes action on erythrocytes and free radicals. It was observed that the cerium enhances the scavenger properties of ketoprofen on free radicals, while copper enhances its action over non-radical oxidants. Copper also reduced the hemolytic effect presented by ketoprofen meanwhile its cerium derivative maintained it.

Several papers have been described on the thermal stability of the sweetener, C12H19Cl3O8 (Sucralose). Nevertheless no study using thermoanalytical techniques was found in the literature. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy, have been used to study the thermal stability and thermal decomposition of sweetener.

As frações nutricionais bem como as propriedades térmicas e outras análises são essenciais para a indústria de alimentos e suas aplicações O bagaço de mandioca é um importante resíduo agroindustrial e seu teor de amido foi avaliado por dois métodos alternativos. A caracterização por análise térmica e microscopia ajudou na compreensão de como a hidrólise digere a fração amilácea do bagaço de mandioca, O ponto de fusão foi de 170ºC, a análise termogravimétrica (TG) mostrou após a perda de umidade do material, duas principais perdas de massa em todas as amostras analisadas. Os resultados sugerem que a hidrólise enzimática é menos eficiente na conversão total de amido no bagaço de mandioca. No entanto, o uso de ácido sulfúrico degradou até mesmo a parcela fibrosa do material, afetando as condições de análise.

Starch nutritional fractions as well as thermal properties and other analysis are essential for food and industrial application. Cassava bagasse is an important agro-industrial residue and its starch content was evaluated using two alternative methods. Thermal characterization and microscopy analyses helped to understand how hydrolysis digests starchy fraction of cassava bagasse. The melting point of cassava starch occurred at 169.2ºC. Regarding TG analyses, after moisture content, there were observed two main mass losses for all samples. Results suggest hydrolysis carried out using enzyme is less effective in order to convert total starch content in cassava bagasse. However, using sulfuric acid, fibers are affected by analyses conditions.

Solid-state MBz compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and Bz is benzoate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The procedure used in the preparation of the compounds via reaction of basic carbonates with benzoic acid is not efficient in eliminating excess acid. However the TG-DTA curves permitted to verify that the binary compounds can be obtained by thermosynthesis, because the benzoic acid can be eliminated before the thermal decomposition of these compounds. The results led to information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability, thermal decomposition and structure of the isolated compounds. On heating, these compounds decompose in two (Mn, Co, Ni, Zn) or three (Fe, Cu) steps with formation of the respective oxide (Mn3O4, Fe2O3, Co3O4, NiO, CuO and ZnO) as final residue. The theoretical and experimental spectroscopic studies suggest a covalent bidentate bond between ligand and metallic center.