Abstract Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) injury is a complication in neck surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of primary suture repair with melatonin treatment on nerve regeneration after RLN damage. After the RLN damage, nerve repair was performed in the first and fourth groups. The third and fourth groups were given intraperitoneal melatonin therapy daily for six weeks. EMG was applied to all subjects and vocal cord movements were evaluated endoscopically. At the end of the sixth week, all subjects were sacrificed, and their larynx were examinedhistologically. Vocal cord paralysis (VCP) was observed in all subjects after RLN damage. In the sixth week, improvement was observed in the first and fourth group who underwent nerve repair, whereas none in the second and third group, who did not undergo nerve repair, improved. With EMG, the highest MUP was in the fourth group. Histologically, an increase in Schwann cells, a decrease in axon damage, and cytoplasmic vacuolization were in the fourth group. Myelin protein zero and Ki-67 staining were the most in the fourth group. In our study, laryngoscopic, electrophysiological and histopathological findings show that melatonin contributes to nerve healing but this could not translate into functional recovery. (RLN surgery damage weeks endoscopically week sacrificed examinedhistologically VCP (VCP improved Histologically cells Ki67 Ki 67 Ki-6 laryngoscopic recovery Ki6 6 Ki-

Resumo Objetivo A insuficiência ovariana prematura (POI) contribui significativamente para a infertilidade feminina. A ciclofosfamida (CYC) tem efeitos adversos na foliculogênese. O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é um produto autólogo rico em muitos fatores de crescimento. Avaliamos o efeito protetor do PRP na fertilização in vitro em ratas com lesão ovariana induzida por CYC. Métodos Vinte e oito ratas Sprague-Dawley adultas foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos. Grupo 1 (controle - cloreto de sódio 0,9%; 1mL/kg, injeção intraperitoneal [IP] em dose única); grupo 2 (CYC), 75mg/kg, injeção IP de dose única e cloreto de sódio 0,9% (1mL/kg, injeção ip de dose única); grupo 3 CYC+PRP, CYC (75mg/kg, dose única e PRP (200 μl, dose única) injeção IP); e grupo 4 (PRP, 200 μl, injeção IP de dose única). Resultados Nas comparações em termos de ovócitos M1 e M2, observou-se que o grupo CYC apresentou uma quantidade significativamente menor que os grupos controle, CYC/PRP, e PRP. (Para M1, p=0,000, p=0,029, p=0,025; para M2, p=0,009, p=0,004, p=0,000, respectivamente). O número de oócitos fertilizados e embriões bicelulares de boa qualidade foi considerado estatisticamente significativo entre os grupos CYC e controle, CYC+PRP e grupos PRP (p=0,009, p=0,001, p=0,000 para oócitos, respectivamente. Para embriões, p=0,016, p=0,002, p=0,000). Conclusão O PRP pode proteger a função ovariana contra os danos causados pelo CYC e, além disso, proporciona melhora na contagem de oócitos e no desenvolvimento de embriões como resultado da estimulação ovariana durante o procedimento de fertilização in vitro.

Abstract Objective Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) contributes significantly to female infertility. Cyclophosphamide (CYC has adverse effects on folliculogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous product rich in many growth factors. We evaluated the protective effect of PRP on in vitro fertilization in female rats with CYC-induced ovarian damage. Methods Twenty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (control-sodium chloride 0.9%; 1 mL/kg, single-dose intraperitoneal [IP] injection); group 2 (CYC), 75mg/kg, single-dose IP injection and sodium chloride 0.9% (1mL/kg, single-dose IP injection); group 3 CYC plus PRP, CYC (75 mg/kg, single-dose and PRP (200 μl, single-dose) IP injection); and group 4 (PRP, 200 μl, singledose IP injection). Results In the comparisons in terms of M1 and M2 oocytes, it was observed that the CYC group presented a significantly lower amount than the control, CYC/PRP, and PRP groups. (for M1, p=0.000, p=0.029, p=0.025; for M2, p=0.009, p=0.004, p=0.000, respectively). The number of fertilized oocytes and two-celled good quality embryos was found to be statistically significant between the CYC and control groups, CYC+PRP and PRP groups (p=0.009, p=0.001, p=0.000 for oocytes, respectively. For embryos; p=0.016, p=0.002, p=0.000). Conclusion Platelet-rich plasma can protect the ovarian function against damage caused by CYC, and, in addition, it improves oocyte count and the development of embryos as a result of oocyte stimulation during the IVF procedure.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effects of a ketogenic diet on morphology and follicle reserve. METHOD: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: standard diet group (n=8) and ketogenic diet group (n=8). Rats were time mated. Dams were permitted to deliver spontaneously. The animals were monitored for the onset of puberty. All the rats were weighed and anesthetized, serum anti-Müllerian hormone level was measured, and the oviducts were removed. The morphological characteristics of follicles were determined and total ovarian volumes were calculated. RESULTS: The mean ovarian volume was statistically significantly lower in the ketogenic diet group compared to the standard diet group (14.41±0.99 mm3 versus 18.89±1.28 mm3) (p=0.000). The mean number of antral follicles was 13.63±1.80 in the standard diet group and 4.462±0.760 in the ketogenic diet group. The mean ovarian weight of the ketogenic diet group was significantly lower than that of the standard diet group (0.42±0.06 g versus 0.815±107 g). The mean anti-Müllerian hormone levels were significantly higher in the standard diet group compared to the ketogenic diet group (1.023±4.75 ng/mL versus 0.69±0.07 ng/mL) (p=0.000). The mean percentage of staining of Ki-67 was 35.28±4.75 in the standard diet group and 16.98±3.33 in the ketogenic diet group (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Maternal ketogenic diet reduces ovarian follicular reserve in female offspring and has important implications for maintaining reproductive potential at a population level.