ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on muscle repair in rats with chronic alcohol intake. Thirty male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups: injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscle without treatment (IC); chronic ingestion of alcohol plus injured TA muscle (AI); and chronic ingestion of alcohol plus injured TA plus LLLT (AIL). Each group was divided into two different subgroups, and rats were sacrificed on days 3 and 7 post-injury. Morphological features in the injured areas were similar with or without alcohol intake (IC and AI); however, LLLT promoted a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells and destroyed zones, as well as improved tissue organization (AIL). In general, alcohol intake caused a decrease in myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD and myogenin) and vascular endothelial growth factor in the AI group. Moreover, LLLT promoted recovery of these factors to the same level as in animals without alcohol intake (IC and AIL). LLLT was able to increase the expression of myogenic and vascular growth factors and stimulate skeletal muscle regeneration in rats with chronic alcohol intake.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a eficácia da LLLT na diminuição do processo inflamatório pulmonar em ratos sépticos. Foram utilizados 32 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quatro grupos (n=8): controle (CG); sepse 24h (S24); sepse e tratamento com LLLT 30 J/cm² (S24L30); sepse e tratamento com LLLT 65 J/cm² (S24L65). A irradiação foi realizada imediatamente após a cirurgia na região anterior de traqueia e nas regiões ventrais do tórax, bilateralmente, logo abaixo das costelas. Foi realizada análise histológica do tecido pulmonar e o número de células inflamatórias foi quantificado. O grupo S24 apresentou um aumento de células inflamatórias comparado ao CG (p <0,05); S24L30 aumentou o número de células inflamatórias, enquanto S24L65 diminuiu este numero em relação ao S24 (ambos p <0,05); S24L65 diminui o numero de células inflamatórias comparado ao S24L30 (p<0.01). Concluiu-se que LLLT em dose específica de energia (30J/cm²) foi capaz de diminuir o número de células inflamatórias no tecido pulmonar em fase aguda da sepse.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of LLLT in decreasing the lung inflammatory process in septic rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control group (CG), sepsis 24h (S24), sepsis and LLLT with 30 J/cm² (S24L30); sepsis and LLLT with 65 J/cm² (S24L65). The irradiation was performed immediately after surgery in the anterior region of the trachea and ventral regions of the chest, bilaterally, just below the ribs. Histological analysis of lung tissue was performed and the number of inflammatory cells was quantified. The S24 group showed an increase of inflammatory cells compared to the CG (p <0.01); S24L30 increased the number of inflammatory cells, while S24L65 decreased this number compared to S24 (both p<0.05); S24L65 had a lower number of inflammatory cells compared to S24L30 (p<0.01). In conclusion, LLLT at a specific energy dose (30J / cm²) was capable of decreasing the number of inflammatory cells in acute lung tissue inflammation due to sepsis.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio es determinar la eficacia de la LLLT en la disminución del proceso inflamatorio pulmonar en ratones sépticos. Se utilizaron 32 ratones machos Wistar divididos en cuatro grupos (n=8): control (CG); sepsis 24h (S24); sepsis y tratamiento con LLLT 30 J/cm2 (S24L30); sepsis y tratamiento con LLLT 65 J/cm2 (S24L65). Se realizó la irradiación inmediatamente después de la cirugía en la región anterior de la tráquea y en las regiones ventrales del tórax, bilateralmente, debajo de las costillas. Se realizó un análisis histológico del tejido pulmonar y se cuantificó el número de células inflamatorias. El grupo S24 presentó un aumento de células inflamatorias en comparación al CG (p <0,05); S24L30 aumentó el número de células inflamatorias, mientras S24L65 disminuyó este número en relación al S24 (ambos p <0,05); S24L65 disminuyó el número de células inflamatorias en comparación al S24L30 (p<0,01). Se concluye que la LLLT en dosis específica de energía (30J/cm2) ha sido capaz de disminuir el número de células inflamatorias en el tejido pulmonar en fase aguda de la sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been demonstrated to be effective in optimizing skeletal muscle performance in animal experiments and in clinical trials. However, little is known about the effects of LLLT on muscle recovery after endurance training. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied after an endurance training protocol on biochemical markers and morphology of skeletal muscle in rats. METHOD: Wistar rats were divided into control group (CG), trained group (TG), and trained and laser irradiated group (TLG). The endurance training was performed on a treadmill, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk at 60% of the maximal speed reached during the maximal effort test (Tmax) and laser irradiation was applied after training. RESULTS: Both trained groups showed significant increase in speed compared to the CG. The TLG demonstrated a significantly reduced lactate level, increased tibialis anterior (TA) fiber cross-section area, and decreased TA fiber density. Myogenin expression was higher in soleus and TA muscles in both trained groups. In addition, LLLT produced myogenin downregulation in the TA muscle of trained animals. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that LLLT could be an effective therapeutic approach for stimulating recovery during an endurance exercise protocol.

Este trabalho apresenta três aplicações da SFE com diferentes fluídos supercríticos, matrizes e sistemas de extração. Um sistema estático "home made" foi utilizado na pesquisa de fontes alternativas de insumos químicos e energéticos tais como o bagaço de cana-de-açucar e o carvão mineral. Foram usados, respectivamente, o etanol (sem e com catalisador) e o tolueno como fluídos extratores e hidrogênio como gás de pressurização. Na extração dos contaminantes do óleo mineral adsorvidos em bauxita, foi utilizado o dióxido de carbono como fluído extrator em um sistema "home made"/dinâmico. Estudos visando a maximização do rendimento de alguns dos processos também foram realizados, utilizando o planejamento fatorial e a metodologia da superfície de resposta. Os produtos de maior interesse neste trabalho (fração de resinas), obtidos do processo de extração do bagaço de cana-de-açucar e aqueles contaminantes do óleo isolante adsorvidos em bauxita extraídos com fluídos supercríticos foram caracterizados usando cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução com detector de ionização de chama (CGAR - DIC) e cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução com detector seletivo de massas (CGAR - EM) após fracionamento por cromatografia líquida preparativa em 8 frações distintas.

This work presents three aplications of SFE with different supercritical fluids, samples and extraction systems. A home made static system was utilized in the search for alternative chemicals and energetics resources such as sugar cane bagasse and mineral coal. Ethanol (with and without catalyst) and toluene were used, respectively ,as extraction fluids and hydrogen as pressurization gas. The adsorbed contaminants of mineral oil in bauxite were also extracted with carbon dioxide as extractor fluid in a home made dinamical system. Maximization of yields in some processes was studied using factorial design and response surface methodologies. The products obtained from the sugar cane bagasse and those contaminants adsorbed in bauxite insulating oil and extracted with supercritical fluids were characterized using HRGC - FID and HRGC - MS after fractionation in eight fractions by preparative liquid chromatography.