Resumo O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta a importância antiviral e antibacteriana da gordura corporal de Saara hardwickii, comumente chamado de lagarto de cauda espinhosa. O óleo foi extraído de gorduras corporais localizadas na região ventral desse animal usando hidrocarbonetos, por exemplo, n-hexano, metanol, butanol e acetato de etila, como solvente. A atividade antibacteriana do óleo do lagarto foi testada em linhagens padrão e multirresistentes de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Proteus vulgaris, de forma isolada e com antibiótico ampicilina. Para o potencial antibacteriano, acetato de etila e extrato de butanol apresentaram melhor zona de inibição (7 mm) com P. aeruginosa e S. aureus, respectivamente. Para o potencial antiviral, o extrato de butanol e o extrato de metanol apresentaram melhor título de hemaglutinação de 4 com as cepas virais NDV e IBV, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o óleo do lagarto possui potencial antimicrobiano contra diferentes cepas de patógenos (vírus e bactérias).

Abstract Present research work represents antiviral and antibacterial value of body fat of Saara hardwickii commonly called as spiny tailed lizard. Oil was extracted from body fats located in the ventral region of this animal using hydrocarbons e.g., n-hexane, methanol, butanol and ethyl acetate as a solvent. The antibacterial activity of lizard oil was tested against standard as well as multi-resistant lines ofEscherichia coli, Styphalococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris alone and with antibiotic ampicillin. For antibacterial potential, Ethyl acetate and Butanol solvent extract showed best zone of inhibition (7mm) with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. For antiviral potential, Butanol and Methanol extract showed best HA (Hemagglutination) titer of 04 with NDV and IBV viral strain respectively. It is concluded that lizard oil has antimicrobial potential against different pathogens strains (virus, bacteria).

Resumo Os distúrbios cardiovasculares, incluindo o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), muitas vezes levam à formação de coágulos sanguíneos, afetando a circulação sanguínea. A estreptoquinase, um agente trombolítico de baixo custo e amplamente disponível, é crucial no tratamento da trombose. Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir estreptoquinase a partir de Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48 e comparar sua eficácia com a heparina em modelo animal. A eficácia da estreptoquinase produzida a partir de Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48 na lise de coágulos foi analisada, no qual foi possível observar seu baixo custo e facilidade de produção. A estreptoquinase foi produzida utilizando meios de fermentação pré-otimizados e purificada através de cromatografia de troca iônica e filtração em gel. A análise in vivo envolveu a indução de coágulos em um modelo animal experimental usando cloreto férrico, comparando estreptoquinase com heparina. A ultrassonografia avaliou a atividade de lise de coágulos da estreptoquinase. A estreptoquinase (47 kDa) lisava coágulos de forma eficaz, comprovando seu baixo custo, fácil produção e efeitos adversos mínimos. Além disso, a ultrassonografia confirmou sua eficácia fibrinolítica. Estas descobertas destacam o potencial como agente trombolítico acessível e de fácil produção, particularmente relevante em ambientes com recursos limitados. A eficácia da estreptoquinase e os efeitos adversos mínimos tornam-na uma opção promissora para terapia trombolítica, especialmente em regiões economicamente restritas. Estudos futuros poderão otimizar as técnicas de produção, explorar diferentes estirpes e realizar ensaios clínicos para validação em humanos. Estudos comparativos com outros agentes trombolíticos podem aprimorar a compreensão das suas vantagens e limitações. cardiovasculares IAM, IAM , (IAM) sanguíneos sanguínea disponível trombose EBL48 EBL 48 EBL-4 analisada préotimizados pré otimizados gel férrico 47 (4 kDa eficaz disso fibrinolítica limitados tornamna tornam trombolítica restritas humanos limitações (IAM EBL4 4 EBL- (

Abstract Cardiovascular disorders, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), often lead to blood clot formation, impacting blood circulation. Streptokinase, a cost-effective and widely available thrombolytic agent, is crucial in treating thrombosis. This study aimed to produce streptokinase from Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48 and compare its efficacy with heparin in an animal model. We evaluated the clot-lysing effectiveness of streptokinase produced from Streptococcus pyogenes EBL-48, emphasizing its low cost and ease of production. Streptokinase was produced using pre-optimized fermentation media and purified through ion exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. In vivo analysis involved inducing clots in a trial animal model using ferric chloride, comparing streptokinase with heparin. Ultrasonography assessed the clot-lysing activity of streptokinase. Streptokinase (47 kDa) effectively lysed clots, proving its low cost, easy production, and minimal adverse effects. Ultrasonography confirmed its fibrinolytic efficacy. These findings highlight potential as an affordable and easily produced thrombolytic agent, particularly relevant in resource-limited settings. Streptokinase efficacy and minimal adverse effects make it a promising option for thrombolytic therapy, especially in economically constrained regions. Future studies could optimize production techniques, explore different strains, and conduct clinical trials for human validation. Comparative studies with other thrombolytic agents would enhance understanding of their advantages and limitations. disorders AMI, AMI , (AMI) formation circulation costeffective effective agent thrombosis EBL48 EBL 48 EBL-4 clotlysing lysing EBL48, 48, preoptimized pre optimized gelfiltration gel filtration chromatography chloride 47 (4 kDa resourcelimited resource limited settings therapy regions techniques strains validation limitations (AMI EBL4 4 EBL- (

Resumo A indústria avícola gera muitos resíduos, incluindo aves mortas, esterco e cama de frango. Resíduos de aves nunca devem ser descartados de forma inadequada, pois podem prejudicar seriamente o meio ambiente. Os resíduos podem ser reciclados como matéria-prima para uso na alimentação de aves, compostando a cama e as aves mortas. O perfil de composição e as propriedades organolépticas da carne de codornas japonesas em crescimento foram examinados ao longo de um ensaio de 4 semanas para verificar o efeito da adição de composto à dieta. Em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD), 1.200 pintos de codorna recém-eclodidos (Coturnix coturnix japonica) foram divididos em cinco grupos de tratamento (dietas com 0, 2,5, 5, 7,5 e 10% de composto), cada um composto por 40 aves com seis repetições. A adição de composto à dieta não teve efeitos perceptíveis nas qualidades organolépticas de aparência, cor, aroma, sabor, textura, suculência, maciez e aceitabilidade (P > 0,05). As características do perfil de composição para pintos que receberam composto em qualquer nível comparadas aos pintos alimentados com a dieta controle não mostraram diferenças (P > 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que as características sensoriais e o perfil de composição de codornas de corte em crescimento podem ser mantidos quando alimentadas com dietas incluindo até 10% de composto. mortas frango inadequada ambiente matériaprima matéria prima CRD, CRD , (CRD) 1200 1 200 1.20 recémeclodidos recém eclodidos Coturnix japonica 0 25 2 5 2,5 75 7 7, 10 composto, composto) repetições aparência cor aroma sabor textura suculência P 0,05. 005 0,05 . 05 0,05) (CRD 120 20 1.2 2, 00 0,0 12 1.

Abstract The poultry industry generates a lot of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter. Poultry waste should never be disposed of improperly because it can seriously harm the environment. The waste can be recycled as a feedstock for use in poultry feed by composting the litter and deceased birds. The compositional profile and organoleptic properties of the meat of growing Japanese quail were examined over the course of a 4-week trial to ascertain the effect of adding compost to the diet. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 1200 newly hatched quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into five treatment groups (diets with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% compost), each consisting of 40 birds with six replicates. The addition of compost to the diet had no noticeable effects on the organoleptic qualities of appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability (P>0.05). The compositional profile characteristics for chicks given compost at any level compared to chicks fed the control diet showed no differences (P>0.05). These findings suggest that the sensory characteristics and compositional profile of growing meat quails can be maintained when fed diets including up to 10% compost. manure environment 4week week 4 CRD, CRD , (CRD) 120 Coturnix japonica 0 25 2 5 2.5 75 7 7.5 10 compost, compost) replicates appearance color aroma taste texture juiciness tenderness P>0.05. P005 P P>0.05 . 05 (P>0.05) (CRD 12 2. 7. 1 P00 P>0.0 (P>0.05 P0 P>0. (P>0.0 P>0 (P>0. P> (P>0 (P> (P

Resumo Grandes quantidades de resíduos, incluindo aves mortas, esterco e cama de frango, são produzidas pela indústria avícola. Resíduos de aves devem ser descartados adequadamente para evitar grandes riscos de poluição e saúde. A compostagem de lixo e aves mortas pode ser uma opção para reciclar os resíduos e usá-los na alimentação de aves. Um estudo foi conduzido para investigar os efeitos da alimentação com resíduos de aves compostados nas qualidades organolépticas e no perfil de composição da carne de frangos de corte. Um total de 300 pintos de corte de um dia (500-Cobb) foram alocados aleatoriamente em 5 grupos de tratamento, replicados 6 vezes com 10 aves cada, sob um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD). Cinco dietas isocalóricas e isonitrogenadas incluindo subprodutos compostados de aves nas concentrações de 0, 2,5, 5, 7,5 e 10% foram fornecidas ad libitum às aves do dia 0 ao dia 35. A classificação sensorial e o perfil de composição da carne de 500 frangos de corte Cobb foram testados aos 35 dias de idade. Os achados mostraram que não houve variações nos perfis sensoriais da carne de aves recebendo várias dietas (P > 0,05). Embora os resultados tenham sido um pouco menores para os pintos alimentados com dietas contendo composto do que para o grupo controle, essa diferença foi considerada insignificante (P > 0,05). Da mesma forma, não houve variações nos valores do perfil composicional da carne entre carnes de aves alimentadas com várias dietas (P > 0,05). Essas descobertas indicam que os frangos de corte podem ser criados com dietas contendo até 10% de composto de subproduto de aves sem qualquer impacto negativo na qualidade sensorial ou na composição da carne. Além disso, o uso de composto nas dietas de frangos de corte pode ajudar a reduzir o custo da ração. frango avícola saúde usálos usá los 30 500Cobb (500-Cobb tratamento 1 cada CRD. CRD . (CRD) 25 2 2,5 75 7 7, 50 3 idade P 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) controle forma disso ração (CRD 2, 00 0,0

Abstract Large amounts of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter, are produced by the poultry industry. Poultry waste should be disposed of properly to avoid major pollution and health risks. Composting litter and dead birds could be an option to recycle the waste and use in poultry feed. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding composted poultry waste on the organoleptic qualities and compositional profile of the meat of broiler chickens. A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (500-Cobb) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups replicated six times with 10 birds each, under a completely randomized design (CRD). Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets including composted poultry byproducts at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were fed ad libitum to the birds from day 0 to day 35. The sensory grading and meat composition profile of 500 Cobb broiler chickens were tested at 35 days of age. The findings showed that there were no variations in the sensory profiles of the meat from birds given various diets (P>0.05). Although the results were somewhat lower for the chicks fed compost-containing diets than for the control group, this difference was deemed to be insignificant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no variations in the compositional profile values of the meat between meat from birds fed various diets (P>0.05). These findings imply that broiler chickens may be raised on diets containing up to 10% poultry byproduct compost without any negative impacts on the meat's sensory quality or composition. Additionally, using compost into broiler diets may help to lower the cost of feed. manure industry risks feed 30 dayold old 500Cobb (500-Cobb 1 each CRD. CRD . (CRD) isocaloric iso caloric isonitrogenous nitrogenous 25 2 5 2.5 75 7 7.5 50 3 age P>0.05. P005 P P>0.05 05 (P>0.05) compostcontaining group Similarly meats s Additionally (CRD 2. 7. P00 P>0.0 (P>0.05 P0 P>0. (P>0.0 P>0 (P>0. P> (P>0 (P> (P

Resumo Origanum vulgare tem despertado grande interesse na academia e na indústria farmacêutica devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes, antifúngicas e antitumorais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo encontrar o potencial anti-MRSA e avaliações de toxicidade in vivo de O. vulgare. O extrato de O. vulgare foi usado para monitorar a atividade anti-MRSA em camundongos. Após infecção estabelecida por MRSA em camundongos (Mus musculus), o tratamento com O. vulgare foi continuado por 7 dias. As autópsias foram realizadas e o reisolamento, pontuação das lesões grosseiras e carga bacteriana em vários órgãos foram medidos. Além disso, a amostra de sangue foi analisada para ensaios hematológicos. A avaliação da toxicidade do potencial de O. vulgare como medicamento foi feita com 200 mg / kg e 400 mg / kg, avaliando as funções hepática e renal. A carga bacteriana e as lesões graves nos pulmões e no coração foram significativamente baixas em comparação com o controle positivo após o tratamento com O. vulgare. Da mesma forma, os grupos tratados com O. vulgare apresentaram valores hematológicos, de neutrófilos e de TLC semelhantes aos grupos de controle. Aumento de AST, ALP e bilirrubina total juntamente com degeneração hepatocelular marcada e distorção ao redor da veia central, infiltração de células inflamatórias e vacuolização citoplasmática de células hepáticas foram observados em doses mais altas. Conclui-se que o extrato bruto de O. vulgare pode conter metabólitos secundários benéficos e, no futuro, pode ser explorado para a cura de doenças infecciosas.

Abstract Origanum vulgare has been of great interest in academia and pharma industry due to its antioxidant, antifungal and antitumor properties. The present study aimed to find the anti-MRSA potential and in vivo toxicity assessments of O. vulgare. O. vulgare extract was used to monitor anti-MRSA activity in mice. Following MRSA established infection in mice (Mus musculus), treatment with O. vulgare was continued for 7 days. Autopsies were performed and re-isolation, gross lesion scoring and bacterial load in various organs were measured. Additionally, blood sample was analysed for hematological assays. Toxicity assessment of O. vulgare potential as medicine was done at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg by evaluating liver and kidney functions. Bacterial load and gross lesion in lungs and heart were significantly low compared to positive control following O. vulgare treatment. Likewise, O. vulgare treated groups had hematological, neutrophil and TLC values similar to control groups. Increased AST, ALP and total bilirubin alongwith marked hepatocellular degeneration and distortion around the central vein, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytoplasmic vacuolization of hepatic cells was observed at higher dose. It is concluded that crude extract of O. vulgare may contain beneficial secondary metabolites and in future may be explored for curing infectious diseases.

ABSTRACT A total of 1500 day old broiler chicks were grouped into five treatments; each treatment group further consisted of six replicates. Group A was given a control diet having antibiotics. Group B and C were offered essential oil blend at the proportion of 0.1 g/kg and organic acid at the dose rate of 1g/kg. Group D was given both essential oil 0.1 g/kg and organic acid 1g/kg in combination. Group E was offered only a basal diet without antibiotics and considered as a negative control. The trial lasted for 35 days. Results indicated that the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) exhibited significant improvement but insignificant in the case of feed consumption. Bodyweight and FCR were better in group B, followed by C. Carcass characteristics like eviscerated weight and giblet weight were also improved in group B while dressed weight showed insignificant results. Total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) were unaffected by the treatments; however, increased blood glucose levels and decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) concentration were significantly noticed. Treatment groups have no effect on antibody titer against ND at the end of the trial. In gut morphology, significantly higher villus height was observed in group C, but villus width and crypt depth remained unaffected. In conclusion, essential oil and organic acids have improved performance, carcass parameters, serum biochemistry, gut health, and decreased bacterial count.

The present study was conducted to find out the dietary effects of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) supplemented diets on the production performance of four close-bred flocks (CBFs) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breeders. A total of 960 twelve-week-old birds of four CBFs were randomly divided into four groups (n = 240) with 12 replicates (n = 20). Birds were fed a corn-based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.0% MOS for 15 weeks. The authors analysed the data by two-way ANOVA techniques using SAS (Statistical Analysis System). Birds fed MOS-supplemented diets had significantly higher body and egg weight, egg mass, and egg number than the control group. Similarly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR)/dozen eggs, FCR/kg egg mass, and mortality were significantly lower in MOS supplemented groups. However, no significant effect of MOS supplementation was recorded on feed intake and egg production of birds. None of the parameters differed significantly among CBFs. The results showed that feeding MOS as a replacement for antibiotic growth factor may positively influence the production performance and health of Japanese quail breeders.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mannan-oligosaccharides' (MOS) supplementation on hatching characteristics of four close-bred flocks (CBFs) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breeders. A total of 960 Japanese quail breeders, aged 12 weeks old, were randomly selected and divided into four groups (n = 240) with twelve replicates (n = 20) in a completely randomized design (15 ♂ : 5 ♀). The birds were a fed corn-based basal diet (group D) or basal diet supplemented with MOS at the levels of 0.25 % (group A), 0.5 % (group B) and 1.0 % (group C) for 15 weeks. The collected data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA techniques using Statistical Analysis System. The fertility and hatchability of 0.50 % MOS-supplemented group was significantly higher than other treatment groups. Similarly, fertility and hatchability percent of fertile eggs of Kaleem flock was significantly higher than other flocks, while dead in-shells were significantly lower in Sadat flock. Conclusively, MOS supplementation positively influences the fertility and hatchability of quail breeders.