ABSTRACT The porcupine Coendou rufescens is a rodent with arboreal habits and climbing locomotion, but they can move easily on the ground occasionally, which has made them vulnerable to collisions due to being run over in natural areas immersed in urban areas with high traffic flow. This paper presents the case of an adult male porcupine being run over in the north of the Central Cordillera of Colombia, through the implementation of a radiographic and post mortem evaluation. The radiological study showed multiple fractures at the level of the skull, forelimbs, right rib cage, and vertebral bodies. The necropsy showed multiple injuries to the integumentary system, musculoskeletal system, and nervous system, including the presence of polytrauma to the head and neck, with loss of the upper part of the skull and heart rupture at the level of both atria. The most important findings included cardiac burst and skull fragmentation, making it difficult to establish the specific cause of death.

RESUMEN El puercoespín Coendou rufescens es un roedor de hábitos arborícolas y locomoción trepadora, pero pueden desplazarse con facilidad en el suelo de manera ocasional, lo cual los hace vulnerables a las colisiones por atropellamiento en áreas naturales inmersas en zonas urbanas con alto flujo vehicular. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de atropellamiento de un puercoespín macho adulto en el norte de la Cordillera Central de Colombia, mediante la implementación de una evaluación radiográfica y post mortem. El estudio radiológico evidenció múltiples fracturas a nivel de cráneo, extremidades anteriores, parrilla costal derecha y los cuerpos vertebrales. La necropsia mostró múltiples lesiones en el sistema tegumentario, músculo esquelético y sistema nervioso, incluyendo la presencia de politraumatismo en cabeza y cuello, con pérdida de la parte superior del cráneo y la ruptura del corazón a nivel de ambos atrios. Los hallazgos más importantes incluyeron el estallido cardíaco y la fragmentación del cráneo, siendo difícil establecer la causa específica de muerte.

The production of fatty acid methyl esther (FAME) via transesterification was studied, assessing the influence of CaO heterogeneous catalysts obtained from four different fishery residues: sururu, crab, clam and mussel. Characterization and properties of the residues were obtained via thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, chemical composition and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Catalytic activities and reaction kinetics of FAME synthesis from the transesterification of soybean oil were performed. FAME yield was determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). A higher efficiency and reaction rate were observed for the catalysts obtained from the sururu residues with 93.7% FAME yield after 3.5 h of reaction at the first usage, reducing only to 91.0% after four consecutive cycles of reuse. The best activities were assigned to the presence of SrO, to smaller particle size, higher pore volumes and the higher Ca leaching, yielding Ca-diglyceroxide which is an important active phase for transesterification.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos en perros tienen un impacto significativo en la capacidad visual, la comodidad y la longevidad del animal. Las opciones terapéuticas y el pronóstico para el perro y para el tejido afectado varían según el tipo de neoplasia y su ubicación anatómica. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia y distribución de neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos en perros del Valle de Aburrá (Departamento de Antioquia, Colombia). Métodos: Se realizó una evaluación retrospectiva de neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos en perros, diagnosticadas en el laboratorio de patología animal de la Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia). Los registros incluyeron información de 13 años (2005-2017). Los datos recolectados incluyeron edad, sexo, raza, tipo de tumor y ubicación, y origen celular de la neoplasia. Resultados: Se analizó un total de 250 reportes de neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos, afectando 246 perros (un reporte por animal, excepto cuatro animales en los que ambos ojos fueron afectados simultáneamente por el mismo tipo de neoplasia. Los animales entre 8 y 11 años de edad fueron los más frecuentemente afectados por neoplasias relacionadas con los ojos (43,9%). Las razas Labrador retriever (19,1%), perros mestizos (13,4%) y Poodle (12,2%) fueron las más frecuentemente afectadas. Las neoplasias afectaron el párpado en el 76,8% de los casos. El adenoma de la glándula de Meibomio fue la neoplasia más frecuente (22,8%), seguida por el epitelioma de la glándula de Meibomio (20,0%), el carcinoma de células escamosas (8,8%) y el melanocitoma (7,2%). El origen celular de las neoplasias fue epitelial en el 73,6% de los casos. Conclusión: Se encontró que el adenoma de la glándula de Meibomio es la neoplasia ocular más común. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer reporte retrospectivo dirigido específicamente a neoplasias relacionadas con ojos en perros publicado en Colombia.

Abstract Background: Eye-related neoplasms in dogs have a significant impact on visual ability, comfort, and longevity. Therapeutic alternatives and prognosis vary according to type of neoplasm and its anatomical location. Objective: To describe the frequency and distribution of eye-related neoplasms affecting dogs in the Aburrá valley (Antioquia province, Colombia). Methods: A retrospective collection of eye-related neoplasms in dogs, diagnosed at the Animal Pathology Laboratory of Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia), was conducted. Data spanning from years 2005 to 2017 were used. Records included age, sex, breed, neoplasm type and location, and cellular origin of neoplasm. A total of 250 eye-related-neoplasm reports affecting 246 dogs were analyzed -one report per animal, with the exception of four animals with both eyes simultaneously affected by the same type of neoplasm. Results: Animals between 8 and 11 years of age were more frequently affected by eye-related neoplasms (43.9%). Labrador retriever (19.1%), mixed-breed dogs (13.4%), and Poodle (12.2%) were the most frequently affected breeds. Neoplasms affected the eyelid in 76.8% of cases. Meibomian gland adenoma was the most frequent neoplasm (22.8%), followed by Meibomian gland epithelioma (20.0%), squamous cell carcinoma (8.8%), and melanocytoma (7.2%). The cellular origin of neoplasms was epithelial in 73.6% of the cases. Conclusion: Meibomian gland adenoma was the most common eye-related neoplasm. To our knowledge, this is the first retrospective report aimed to eye-related neoplasms in dogs published in Colombia.

Resumo Antecedentes: As neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães são importantes porque têm um impacto significativo na capacidade visual, conforto e longevidade do animal. As opções terapêuticas e o prognóstico para o cão e para o tecido afetado variam de acordo com o tipo de neoplasia e sua localização anatômica. Objetivo: Descrever a frequência e distribuição das neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães do Valle de Aburrá (Estado de Antioquia, Colômbia). Métodos: Foi realizada uma coleta retrospectiva de neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães diagnosticados no laboratório de patologia animal da Universidade de Antioquia (Colômbia). Os registros coletaram informações de 13 anos (2005-2017). Os dados coletados incluíram idade, sexo, raça, tipo de tumor e localização e origem celular da neoplasia. Resultados: Um total de 250 relatos de neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos foram analisados, afetando 246 cães (um relatório por animal, com exceção de quatro animais, em que ambos os olhos foram afetados simultaneamente para o mesmo tipo de neoplasia relacionada aos olhos). Animais entre 8 e 11 anos foram mais acometidos por neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos (43,9%). As raças Labrador retriever (19,1%), mestiças (13,4%) e Poodle (12,2%) foram as raças mais afetadas. Neoplasias afetaram a pálpebra em 76,8% dos casos. Adenoma da glândula Meibomiana foi a neoplasia mais frequente (22,8%), seguido por epitelioma glândula Meibomiana (20,0%), carcinoma de células escamosas (8,8%) e melanocitoma (7,2%). A origem celular das neoplasias foi epitelial em 73,6% dos casos. Conclusão: Este estudo constatou que o adenoma da glândula Meibomiana é a neoplasia ocular mais comum. Para nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato retrospectivo especificamente voltado para as neoplasias relacionadas aos olhos em cães publicados até o momento na Colômbia.

Los diseños y aprovechamientos en recursos hidráulicos requieren de la información y procesamiento de datos necesario para el éxito de las obras propuestas. Muchas veces los registros de caudal no están disponibles en la cuenca hidrográfica de estudio y uno de los conceptos más usados es la curva de duración de caudales. Este trabajo propone un nuevo acercamiento a la regionalización de la curva de duración de caudales en cuencas sin información. El enfoque presenta una ecuación para cada una de las 6 regiones en que se dividió el departamento de Antioquia, en la parte noroeste de Colombia. La propuesta tiene como variable adicional al enfoque tradicional, la inclusión de la probabilidad de no excedencia. El análisis estadístico realizado muestra que el error de ajuste es menor del 13% para todas las regiones de Antioquia con excepción de la región de Urabá, que es del 44%.

Water resource design and projects need sufficient information and data processes to ensure proposed hydraulic structures are successful. Many hydrological studies have no observed data for discharges in the basins, and one of the most commonly used concepts for previous hydrological studies is the flow duration curve. This work shows a new approach to estimate the flow duration curve in basins for which there is no information. The proposal presents a calibrated equation for each of the six regions in the state of Antioquia, in the northwest of Colombia. Veering from the traditional approach, it includes the non-exceedance probability. The statistical analysis conducted shows a fitting error of less than 13% for all regions in Antioquia except Urabá, which has an error of 44%.

Os desenhos e aproveitamentos em recursos hídricos precisam de informações e processamento de dados necessário para o sucesso das obras previstas. Muitas vezes, os registros de vazões não estão disponíveis na bacia hidrográfica e um dos conceitos mais utilizados é a curva de duração de fluxo. O presente artigo propõe uma nova abordagem para a regionalização da curva de permanência da vazão em bacias sem informações. A abordagem apresenta uma equação para cada uma das seis regiões, no departamento de Antioquia, na porção noroeste da Colômbia. A proposta tem a inclusão de probabilidade de excedência. A análise estatística mostra que o erro de ajustamento é inferior a 13% para todas as regiões, exceto a região de Uraba que é de 44%.

Modeling of microbial growth and ammonia consumption at different temperatures was developed in the production of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer in Pseudomona fluorescens in the range of 25-35 °C. A logistic model was employed to predict accurately the microbial growth limiting conditions of nitrogen. A new model based in a mixed mathematical equation comprising a logistic model, and a magnetic saturation model resulted appropriate to estimate the ammonia consumption under limiting conditions. Favorable conditions for PHA production in P. fluorescens were found at temperature of 30 °C, reaching the maximum biomass concentration of 2.83 g L−1, and consuming 99.9% of the initial ammonia, to produce 2.13 g L−1 of PHA. The proposed models could be useful to predict the behavior of a fermentation process to produce PHA in real time.

The goal of this study was to compare two types of cage traps designed for the capture of Myocastor coypus in order to bring adequate management tools for population studies of the species, without killing the animals. Capture efficiency (E), probability of capture, inefficacy (I) and selectivity (S) of the traps were analyzed. We also evaluate the preference for different types of bait. In six ponds of the Buenos Aires Golf Field removal captures were accomplished using traps of the "Tomahawk" type made with different meshes and baits. We evaluated selection and preference and we estimated traps' E, I, and S. We did not find any difference between cage trap types (p>0.05) nor bait (p>0.05). Means of E, I and S were 0.2, 0.07 and 0.97 respectively. Even if the E was low during this study, it was higher than the one obtained by other authors. Taking into account the low value obtained for I and the high S obtained for the trap, we consider that the methodology used is adequate to capture M. coypus, at least in similar conditions as the one present for this study.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar dos tipos de trampas jaula diseñadas para la captura viva de Myocastor coypus, a fin de brindar herramientas adecuadas para el control o estudios demográficos, sin necesidad de causar la muerte del animal. Se analiza la eficiencia (E) y probabilidad (P) de captura, ineficacia (I) y selectividad (S) de las mismas. Se evalúa también la preferencia por cebos empleados. En seis lagunas del Campo de Golf de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires se realizaron capturas con remoción utilizando trampas jaula tipo "Tomahawk" con distintos tipos de malla metálica y cebo. Se evaluó su eventual selección y preferencia, se estimó su E, la I y S de las trampas jaula. No se encontraron diferencias ni entre tipo de trampa (p>0.05) ni entre cebos (p>0.05). La E media fue de 0.2; la I de la trampa de 0.07 y la S de 0.97. Si bien la E fue relativamente baja, fue superior a la obtenida por otros autores. La baja I y elevada S de la trampa sugieren que la metodología puede ser aplicada para realizar la captura de ejemplares de M. coypus en condiciones medioambientales similares a las del presente trabajo.